Works about the war. Works about the Great Patriotic War

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Works about the war. Works about the Great Patriotic War

These books are about the exploits of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, about death, love and hope, about grief and joy, about the desire to live and self-sacrifice for the sake of others - in a word, about what this war was like and what it had to pay for.

Valentin Rasputin. "Live and Remember"

The action of the story takes place in 1945, in the last months of the war, when Andrei Guskov returns to his native village after being wounded and hospitalized - but it so happened that he returns as a deserter. Andrei simply did not want to die, he fought a lot and saw a lot of deaths. Only Nasten's wife knows about his act, she is now forced to hide her fugitive husband even from her relatives. She visits him from time to time at his hideout and it is soon revealed that she is pregnant. Now she is doomed to shame and torment - in the eyes of the whole village she will become a walking, unfaithful wife. Meanwhile, rumors are spreading that Guskov did not die or go missing, but is hiding, and they are starting to look for him. Rasputin's story about serious spiritual metamorphoses, about the moral and philosophical problems facing the heroes, was first published in 1974.

Boris Vasiliev. "Not listed"

The time of action is the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the place is the Brest Fortress besieged by the German invaders. Along with other Soviet soldiers, there is also Nikolai Pluzhnikov, a 19-year-old new lieutenant, a graduate of a military school, who was assigned to command a platoon. He arrived on the evening of June 21, and in the morning the war begins. Nicholas, who did not have time to be included in the military lists, has every right to leave the fortress and take his bride away from trouble, but he remains to fulfill his civic duty. The fortress, bleeding, losing lives, heroically held out until the spring of 1942, and Pluzhnikov became its last warrior-defender, whose heroism amazed his enemies. The story is dedicated to the memory of all unknown and nameless soldiers.

Vasily Grossman. "Life and Destiny"

The manuscript of the epic was completed by Grossman in 1959, was immediately recognized as anti-Soviet because of the harsh criticism of Stalinism and totalitarianism, and was confiscated in 1961 by the KGB. In our homeland, the book was published only in 1988, and even then with abbreviations. In the center of the novel is the Battle of Stalingrad and the Shaposhnikov family, as well as the fate of their relatives and friends. There are many characters in the novel whose lives are somehow connected with each other. These are the fighters who are directly involved in the battle, and ordinary people who are not at all ready for the troubles of war. All of them manifest themselves in different ways in the conditions of war. The novel turned a lot in the mass ideas about the war and the sacrifices that the people had to make in an effort to win. This is, if you will, a revelation. It is large-scale in scope of events, large-scale in freedom and courage of thought, in true patriotism.

Konstantin Simonov. "Alive and Dead"

The trilogy ("The Living and the Dead", "No Soldiers Are Born", "The Last Summer") chronologically covers the period from the beginning of the war to July 44, and in general - the people's path to the Great Victory. In his epic, Simonov describes the events of the war as if he sees them through the eyes of his main characters Serpilin and Sintsov. The first part of the novel almost completely corresponds to Simonov's personal diary (he served as a war correspondent throughout the war), published under the title "100 Days of War". The second part of the trilogy describes the period of preparation and the Battle of Stalingrad itself - the turning point of the Great Patriotic War. The third part is devoted to our offensive on the Belorussian front. The war tests the heroes of the novel for humanity, honesty and courage. Several generations of readers, including the most biased of them - those who went through the war themselves, recognize this work as a truly unique work, comparable to the high examples of Russian classical literature.

Mikhail Sholokhov. "They fought for their country"

The writer worked on the novel from 1942 to 1969. The first chapters were written in Kazakhstan, where Sholokhov came from the front to the evacuated family. The theme of the novel is incredibly tragic in itself - the retreat of Soviet troops on the Don in the summer of 1942. Responsibility to the party and the people, as it was then understood, could induce to smooth out sharp corners, but Mikhail Sholokhov, as a great writer, openly wrote about insoluble problems, about fatal mistakes, about chaos in front-line deployment, about the absence of a “strong hand” capable of to clean up. The retreating military units, passing through the Cossack villages, felt, of course, not cordiality. It was not at all understanding and mercy that fell to their lot on the part of the inhabitants, but indignation, contempt and anger. And Sholokhov, dragging an ordinary person through the hell of war, showed how his character crystallizes in the process of testing. Shortly before his death, Sholokhov burned the manuscript of the novel, and only separate pieces were published. Is there a connection between this fact and the strange version that Andrei Platonov helped Sholokhov write this work at the very beginning - it doesn’t even matter. It is important that there is another great book in Russian literature.

Viktor Astafiev. "Cursed and Killed"

Astafiev worked on this novel in two books (“Devil's Pit” and “Bridgehead”) from 1990 to 1995, but never finished it. The name of the work, which covers two episodes from the Great Patriotic War: the training of recruits near Berdsk and the crossing of the Dnieper and the battle to hold the bridgehead, was given by a line from one of the Old Believer texts - “it was written that everyone who sows confusion, wars and fratricide on earth, will be cursed and killed by God. Viktor Petrovich Astafiev, a man by no means of a courtly nature, in 1942 volunteered to go to the front. What he saw and experienced melted into deep reflections on the war as a "crime against the mind." The action of the novel begins in the reserve regiment's quarantine camp near the Berdsk station. There are recruits Leshka Shestakov, Kolya Ryndin, Ashot Vaskonyan, Petka Musikov and Lekha Buldakov ... they will face hunger and love and reprisals and ... most importantly, they will face a war.

Vladimir Bogomolov. "In August 44th"

The novel, published in 1974, is based on real documented events. Even if you have not read this book in any of the fifty languages \u200b\u200binto which it has been translated, then everyone must have watched the film with the actors Mironov, Baluev and Galkin. But the cinema, believe me, will not replace this polyphonic book, which gives a sharp drive, a sense of danger, a full platoon, and at the same time a sea of information about the "Soviet state and military machine" and about the everyday life of intelligence officers.

So, the summer of 1944. Belarus has already been liberated, but somewhere on its territory a group of spies goes on the air, transmitting strategic information to the enemies about Soviet troops preparing a grandiose offensive. A detachment of scouts led by a SMERSH officer was sent in search of spies and a direction-finding radio.

Bogomolov is a front-line soldier himself, so he was terribly meticulous in describing the details, and in particular, the work of counterintelligence (the Soviet reader learned a lot from him for the first time). Vladimir Osipovich simply harassed several directors who were trying to film this exciting novel, he “sawed” the then editor-in-chief of Komsomolskaya Pravda for an inaccuracy in the article, proving that it was he who first spoke about the method of Macedonian shooting. He is an amazing writer, and his book, without the slightest loss of historicity and ideological content, has become a real blockbuster in the best possible way.

Anatoly Kuznetsov. "Babi Yar"

A documentary novel based on childhood memories. Kuznetsov was born in 1929 in Kyiv, and with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, his family did not have time to evacuate. And for two years, 1941 - 1943, he saw how the Soviet troops retreated destructively, then, already in occupation, he saw atrocities, nightmares (for example, sausage was made from human flesh) and mass executions in the Nazi concentration camp in Babi Yar. It is terrible to realize, but this “former in the occupation” stigma fell on his whole life. He brought the manuscript of his truthful, uncomfortable, terrible and poignant novel to the journal Yunost during the thaw, in 1965. But there frankness seemed excessive, and the book was redrawn, throwing out some pieces, so to speak, "anti-Soviet", and inserting ideologically verified ones. The very name of the novel Kuznetsov managed to defend by a miracle. Things got to the point that the writer began to fear arrest for anti-Soviet propaganda. Kuznetsov then simply put the sheets in glass jars and buried them in the forest near Tula

In all the stories of the Belarusian writer (and he mostly wrote stories), the action takes place during the war, in which he himself was a participant, and the focus of meaning is the moral choice of a person in a tragic situation. Fear, love, betrayal, sacrifice, nobility and meanness - all this is mixed in different heroes of Bykov. The story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the police, and how, in the end, one of them, in complete spiritual baseness, hangs the second. Based on this story, Larisa Shepitko made the film "Ascent". In the story "The Dead Doesn't Hurt", a wounded lieutenant is sent to the rear, ordered to escort three captured Germans. Then they stumble upon a German tank unit, and in a skirmish, the lieutenant loses both prisoners and his companion, and he himself is wounded in the leg a second time. Nobody wants to believe his report about the Germans in the rear. In the Alpine Ballad, a Russian prisoner of war Ivan and an Italian Julia escaped from a Nazi concentration camp. Pursued by the Germans, exhausted by cold and hunger, Ivan and Julia grow closer. After the war, the Italian lady will write a letter to Ivan's fellow villagers, in which she will tell about the feat of their fellow countryman and about three days of their love.

The famous book written by Granin in collaboration with Adamovich is called the book of truth. The first time it was published in a magazine in Moscow, the book was published in Lenizdat only in 1984, although it was written back in 77. It was forbidden to publish the Blockade Book in Leningrad as long as the city was led by the first secretary of the regional committee, Romanov. Daniil Granin called the 900 days of the blockade "an epic of human suffering." On the pages of this amazing book, the memories and torments of exhausted people in the besieged city seem to come to life. It is based on the diaries of hundreds of blockade survivors, including the records of the deceased boy Yura Ryabinkin, the historian Knyazev and other people. The book contains blockade photographs and documents from the archives of the city and the Granin fund.

Great battles and the fate of ordinary heroes are described in many works of fiction, but there are books that cannot be passed by and that must not be forgotten. They make the reader think about the present and the past, about life and death, about peace and war. AiF.ru has prepared a list of ten books dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, which are worth re-reading during the holidays.

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” Boris Vasiliev

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” is a warning book that makes you answer the question: “What am I ready for for the sake of my Motherland?”. The plot of Boris Vasiliev's story is based on a truly accomplished feat during the Great Patriotic War: seven selfless soldiers prevented a German sabotage group from blowing up the Kirov railway, which was used to deliver equipment and troops to Murmansk. After the battle, only one commander of the group survived. Already while working on the work, the author decided to replace the images of the fighters with female ones in order to make the story more dramatic. The result is a book about female heroes that amaze readers with the veracity of the story. The prototypes of the five female volunteers entering into an unequal battle with a group of fascist saboteurs were peers at the school of the writer-front-line soldier, and the features of radio operators, nurses, intelligence officers whom Vasiliev met during the war years are also guessed in them.

"The Living and the Dead" Konstantin Simonov

Konstantin Simonov is better known to a wide range of readers as a poet. His poem “Wait for me” is known and remembered by heart not only by veterans. However, the veteran's prose is in no way inferior to his poetry. One of the writer's most powerful novels is the epic The Living and the Dead, which consists of the books The Living and the Dead, Soldiers Are Not Born, and Last Summer. This is not just a novel about the war: the first part of the trilogy practically reproduces the personal front-line diary of the writer, who, as a correspondent, visited all fronts, passed through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. On the pages of the book, the author recreates the struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders from the very first months of the terrible war to the famous "last summer". Simonovsky's unique look, the talent of a poet and publicist - all this made The Living and the Dead one of the best works of art in its genre.

"The Fate of Man" Mikhail Sholokhov

The story "The Fate of a Man" is based on a real story that happened to the author. In 1946, Mikhail Sholokhov accidentally met a former soldier who told the writer about his life. The fate of the man so impressed Sholokhov that he decided to capture it on the pages of the book. In the story, the author introduces the reader to Andrei Sokolov, who managed to maintain his fortitude, despite difficult trials: injury, captivity, escape, family death and, finally, the death of his son on the happiest day, May 9, 1945. After the war, the hero finds the strength to start a new life and give hope to another person - he adopts an orphaned boy, Vanya. In The Fate of a Man, a personal story against the backdrop of terrible events shows the fate of an entire people and the firmness of the Russian character, which can be called a symbol of the victory of Soviet troops over the Nazis.

"Cursed and Killed" Victor Astafiev

Viktor Astafiev volunteered for the front in 1942, was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage". But in the novel "Cursed and Killed" the author does not sing of the events of the war, he speaks of it as a "crime against reason". On the basis of personal impressions, the front-line writer described the historical events in the USSR that preceded the Great Patriotic War, the process of preparing reinforcements, the life of soldiers and officers, their relationship with themselves and their commanders, and military operations. Astafiev reveals all the filth and horrors of the terrible years, thereby showing that he sees no point in the huge human sacrifices that fell to the lot of people during the terrible war years.

"Vasily Terkin" Alexander Tvardovsky

Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" received national recognition back in 1942, when its first chapters were published in the Western Front's newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda. The soldiers immediately recognized the protagonist of the work as a role model. Vasily Terkin is an ordinary Russian guy who sincerely loves his Motherland and his people, perceives any hardships of life with humor and finds a way out of even the most difficult situation. Someone saw in him a comrade in the trench, someone an old friend, and someone guessed himself in his features. The image of the national hero was so fond of the readers that even after the war they did not want to part with it. That is why a huge number of imitations and "sequels" of "Vasily Terkin" were written, created by other authors.

"War has no woman's face" Svetlana Aleksievich

“War does not have a woman’s face” is one of the most famous books about the Great Patriotic War, where the war is shown through the eyes of a woman. The novel was written in 1983, but was not published for a long time, as its author was accused of pacifism, naturalism, and debunking the heroic image of a Soviet woman. However, Svetlana Aleksievich wrote about something completely different: she showed that girls and war are incompatible concepts, if only because a woman gives life, while any war kills first of all. In her novel, Aleksievich collected the stories of front-line soldiers to show what they were like, girls of the forty-first year, and how they went to the front. The author led the readers along the terrible, cruel, unfeminine path of war.

"The Tale of a Real Man" Boris Polevoy

"The Tale of a Real Man" was created by a writer who went through the entire Great Patriotic War as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper. During these terrible years, he managed to visit partisan detachments behind enemy lines, participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, in the battle on the Kursk Bulge. But the world fame Polevoy brought not military reports, but a work of art written on the basis of documentary materials. The prototype of the hero of his "Tale of a Real Man" was the Soviet pilot Alexei Maresyev, who was shot down in 1942 during the offensive operation of the Red Army. The fighter lost both legs, but found the strength to return to the ranks of active pilots and destroyed many more Nazi aircraft. The work was written in the difficult post-war years and immediately fell in love with the reader, because it proved that there is always a place for a feat in life.

(1 option)

When war breaks into the peaceful life of people, it always brings grief and misfortune to families, disrupts the usual way of life. The Russian people experienced the hardships of many wars, but they never bowed their heads before the enemy and courageously endured all hardships. The most cruel, monstrous of all wars in the history of mankind - the Great Patriotic War - dragged on for five long years and became a real disaster for many peoples and countries, and especially for Russia. The fascists transgressed human laws, so they themselves found themselves outside of all laws. The entire Russian people rose to defend the Fatherland.

The theme of war in Russian literature is the theme of the feat of a Russian person, because all wars in the history of the country, as a rule, were of a people's liberation character. Among the books written on this topic, the works of Boris Vasiliev are especially close to me. The heroes of his books are cordial, sympathetic people with a pure soul. Some of them behave heroically on the battlefield, fighting bravely for their homeland, others are heroes at heart, their patriotism is not evident to anyone.

Vasiliev's novel "Not on the lists" is dedicated to the defenders of the Brest Fortress. The protagonist of the novel is a young lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, a lone fighter, personifying a symbol of courage and stamina, a symbol of the spirit of a Russian person. At the beginning of the novel, we meet an inexperienced graduate of a military school who does not believe the terrible rumors about the war with Germany. Suddenly, the war overtakes him: Nikolai finds himself in the thick of it - in the Brest Fortress, the first line on the path of the fascist hordes. The defense of the fortress is the fiercest battle with the enemy, in which thousands of people die. In this bloody human mess, among the ruins and corpses, Nikolai meets a crippled girl, and in the midst of suffering, violence, a youthful feeling of love is born - like a spark of hope for a brighter tomorrow - between junior lieutenant Pluzhnikov and the girl Mirra. Without the war, perhaps they would not have met. Most likely, Pluzhnikov would have risen to a high rank, and Mirra would have led a modest life of an invalid. But the war brought them together, forced them to gather strength to fight the enemy. In this struggle, each of them accomplishes a feat. When Nikolai goes on reconnaissance, he wants to show that the fortress is alive, that it will not submit to the enemy, that even one by one the fighters will fight. The young man does not think about himself, he is worried about the fate of Mirra and those fighters who fight next to him. There is a cruel, deadly battle with the Nazis, but Nikolai's heart does not harden, does not harden. He carefully takes care of Mirra, realizing that without his help the girl will not survive. Mirra doesn't want to be a burden to a brave soldier, so she decides to come out of hiding. The girl knows that these are the last hours in her life, but she does not think about herself at all, she is driven only by a feeling of love.

"A military hurricane of unprecedented strength" completes the heroic struggle of the lieutenant. Nikolai boldly meets his death, even the enemies respect the courage of this Russian soldier, who "was not on the lists." The war is cruel and terrible, it did not bypass Russian women either. The Nazis forced to fight mothers, future and present, in which the very nature of hatred for the murder. Women worked steadfastly in the rear, providing the front with clothing and food, caring for sick soldiers. And in battle, women were not inferior to experienced fighters in strength and courage.

B. Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” shows the heroic struggle of women against the invaders, the struggle for the freedom of the country, for the happiness of children. Five completely different female characters, five different destinies. Anti-aircraft gunner girls are sent on reconnaissance under the command of foreman Vaskov, who "has twenty words in reserve, and even those from the charters." Despite the horrors of the war, this "mossy stump" was able to maintain the best human qualities. He did everything to save the girls' lives, but he still can't calm down. He recognizes his guilt before them for the fact that "the men married them with death." The death of five girls leaves a deep wound in the foreman's soul, he cannot justify it in his own eyes. High humanism is contained in the grief of this simple man. Trying to capture the enemy, the foreman does not forget about the girls, all the time trying to lead them away from the impending danger.

The behavior of each of the five girls is a feat, because they are completely unsuited to military conditions. Heroic death of each of them. Dreamy Lisa Brichkina dies a terrible death, trying to quickly cross the swamp and call for help. This girl is dying with the thought of her tomorrow. The impressionable Sonya Gurvich, a lover of Blok's poetry, dies, returning for the pouch left by the foreman. And these two deaths, for all their seeming accident, are connected with self-sacrifice. The writer pays special attention to two female images: Rita Osyanina and Evgenia Komelkova. According to Vasiliev, Rita is "strict, never laughs." The war broke her happy family life, Rita is constantly worried about the fate of her little son. Dying, Osyanina entrusts the care of her son to the reliable and intelligent Vaskov, she leaves this world, realizing that no one can accuse her of cowardice. Her friend is dying with a gun in her hands. The writer is proud of the mischievous, impudent Komelkova, admires her: “Tall, red, white-skinned. And the children's eyes are green, round, like saucers. And this wonderful, beautiful girl, who saved her group from death three times, dies, performing a feat for the sake of the lives of others.

Many, reading this story by Vasiliev, will remember the heroic struggle of Russian women in this war, they will feel pain for the interrupted threads of human birth. In many works of Russian literature, war is shown as an action unnatural to human nature. “... And the war began, that is, an event contrary to human reason and all human nature took place,” wrote L. N. Tolstoy in his novel War and Peace.

The theme of war will not leave the pages of books for a long time until humanity realizes its mission on earth. After all, a person comes into this world to make it more beautiful.

(Option 2)

Very often, congratulating our friends or relatives, we wish them a peaceful sky over their heads. We do not want their families to be subjected to the hardships of the war. War! These five letters carry a sea of blood, tears, suffering, and most importantly, the death of people dear to our hearts. There have always been wars on our planet. The pain of loss has always filled the hearts of people. From everywhere where there is a war, you can hear the groans of mothers, the crying of children and deafening explosions that tear our souls and hearts. To our great happiness, we know about the war only from feature films and literary works.

A lot of trials of the war fell on the lot of our country. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was shaken by the Patriotic War of 1812. The patriotic spirit of the Russian people was shown by L. N. Tolstoy in his epic novel War and Peace. The guerrilla war, the Battle of Borodino - all this and much more appears before our eyes. We are witnessing the terrible everyday life of the war. Tolstoy tells that for many the war has become the most common thing. They (for example, Tushin) perform heroic deeds on the battlefields, but they themselves do not notice this. For them, war is a job that they must do in good faith.

But war can become commonplace not only on the battlefield. An entire city can get used to the idea of war and go on living with it. Such a city in 1855 was Sevastopol. L. N. Tolstoy narrates about the difficult months of the defense of Sevastopol in his Sevastopol Tales. Here, the events taking place are described especially reliably, since Tolstoy is their eyewitness. And after what he saw and heard in a city full of blood and pain, he set himself a definite goal - to tell his reader only the truth - and nothing but the truth.

The bombardment of the city did not stop. New and new fortifications were required. Sailors, soldiers worked in the snow, rain, half-starved, half-dressed, but they still worked. And here everyone is simply amazed by the courage of their spirit, willpower, great patriotism. Together with them, their wives, mothers, and children lived in this city. They got so used to the situation in the city that they no longer paid attention to either the shots or the explosions. Very often they brought meals to their husbands right in the bastions, and one shell could often destroy the whole family. Tolstoy shows us that the worst thing in the war happens in the hospital: “You will see doctors there with bloodied hands to the elbows ... busy near the bed, on which, with open eyes and speaking, as if in delirium, meaningless, sometimes simple and touching words, lies wounded under the influence of chloroform. War for Tolstoy is dirt, pain, violence, no matter what goals it pursues: “... you will see the war not in the correct, beautiful and brilliant order, with music and drumming, with waving banners and prancing generals, but you will see the war in its present expression - in blood, in suffering, in death ... "

The heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 once again shows everyone how much the Russian people love their Motherland and how boldly they defend it. Sparing no effort, using any means, he (the Russian people) does not allow the enemy to seize their native land.

In 1941-1942, the defense of Sevastopol will be repeated. But it will be another Great Patriotic War - 1941-1945. In this war against fascism, the Soviet people will accomplish an extraordinary feat, which we will always remember. M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, V. Vasiliev and many other writers devoted their works to the events of the Great Patriotic War. This difficult time is also characterized by the fact that women fought on an equal footing with men in the ranks of the Red Army. And even the fact that they are representatives of the weaker sex did not stop them. They struggled with fear within themselves and performed such heroic deeds, which, it seemed, were completely unusual for women. It is about such women that we learn from the pages of B. Vasilyev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”. Five girls and their combat commander F. Vaskov find themselves on the Sinyukhin Ridge with sixteen fascists who are heading for the railroad, absolutely sure that no one knows about the course of their operation. Our fighters found themselves in a difficult situation: it is impossible to retreat, but to stay, because the Germans serve them like seeds. But there is no way out! Behind the Motherland! And now these girls perform a fearless feat. At the cost of their lives, they stop the enemy and prevent him from carrying out his terrible plans. And how carefree was the life of these girls before the war?!

They studied, worked, enjoyed life. And suddenly! Planes, tanks, cannons, shots, screams, groans... But they did not break down and gave the most precious thing they had - their lives - for the victory. They gave their lives for their country.

But there is a civil war on earth, in which a person can give his life without knowing why. 1918 Russia. Brother kills brother, father kills son, son kills father. Everything is mixed up in the fire of malice, everything is depreciated: love, kinship, human life. M. Tsvetaeva writes:

Brothers, here she is

Last bet!

Third year already

Abel with Cain

People become weapons in the hands of the authorities. Breaking into two camps, friends become enemies, relatives become forever strangers. I. Babel, A. Fadeev and many others tell about this difficult time.

I. Babel served in the ranks of the First Cavalry Army of Budyonny. There he kept his diary, which later turned into the now famous work "Cavalry". The stories of Cavalry tell about a man who found himself in the fire of the Civil War. The protagonist Lyutov tells us about individual episodes of the campaign of the First Cavalry Army of Budyonny, which was famous for its victories. But on the pages of stories we do not feel the victorious spirit. We see the cruelty of the Red Army, their cold-bloodedness and indifference. They can kill an old Jew without the slightest hesitation, but, what is more terrible, they can finish off their wounded comrade without a second's hesitation. But what is all this for? I. Babel did not give an answer to this question. He leaves his reader the right to speculate.

The theme of war in Russian literature has been and remains relevant. Writers try to convey to readers the whole truth, whatever it may be.

From the pages of their works, we learn that war is not only the joy of victories and the bitterness of defeat, but war is a harsh everyday life filled with blood, pain, and violence. The memory of these days will live in our memory forever. Perhaps the day will come when the groans and cries of mothers, volleys and shots will subside on earth, when our earth will meet the day without war!

(Option 3)

“Oh, light bright and beautifully decorated Russian land,” was written in the annals back in the 13th century. Beautiful is our Russia, beautiful are her sons who have defended and continue to defend her beauty from invaders for many centuries.

Some protect, others sing of the defenders. A long time ago, one very talented son of Rus' spoke in The Tale of Igor's Campaign about Yar-Tura Vsevolod and all the valiant sons of the "Russian land". Courage, courage, courage, military honor distinguish Russian soldiers.

“Experienced warriors are swaddled under the trumpets, cherished under the banners, fed from the end of the spear, they know the roads, the ravines are familiar, their bows are stretched, the quivers are open, the sabers are pointed, they themselves gallop like gray wolves in the field, seeking honor for themselves, and the prince - glory." These glorious sons of the "Russian land" are fighting with the Polovtsians for the "Russian land". "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" set the tone for centuries, and other writers of the "Russian land" picked up the baton.

Our glory - Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - in his poem "Poltava" continues the theme of the heroic past of the Russian people. "Sons of the beloved victory" defend the Russian land. Pushkin shows the beauty of battle, the beauty of Russian soldiers, brave, courageous, faithful to duty and to the Motherland.

But the moment of victory is close, close,

Hooray! We are breaking, the Swedes are bending.

O glorious hour! oh glorious sight!

Following Pushkin, Lermontov talks about the war of 1812 and praises the sons of the Russians, who so bravely, so heroically defended our beautiful Moscow.

Were there fights?

Yes, they say, what else!

No wonder the whole of Russia remembers

About the day of Borodin!

The defense of Moscow, the Fatherland is a great past, full of glory and great deeds.

Yes, there were people in our time,

Not like the current tribe:

Bogatyrs - not you!

They got a bad share:

Few returned from the field ...

Do not be the Lord's will,

They wouldn't give up Moscow!

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov confirms that soldiers do not spare their lives for the Russian land, for their Motherland. In the war of 1812, everyone was a hero.

The great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy also wrote about the Patriotic War of 1812, about the feat of the people in this war. He showed us the Russian soldiers, who have always been the bravest. It was easier to shoot them than to force them to flee from the enemy. Who spoke more brilliantly about the courageous, brave Russian people?! “The cudgel of the people’s war rose with all its formidable and majestic strength and, without asking anyone’s grandchildren and rules, with stupid simplicity, but with expediency, without understanding anything, rose, fell and nailed the French until the entire invasion died.”

And again black wings over Russia. The war of 1941-1945, which went down in history as the Great Patriotic War ...

Flames hit the sky! -

Do you remember Motherland?

Quietly said:

Get up to help

How many talented, amazing works about this war! Fortunately, we, the current generation, do not know these years, but we

Russian writers spoke about this so talentedly that these years, illuminated by the flames of the great battle, will never be erased from our memory, from the memory of our people. Let's remember the saying: "When the cannons speak, the muses fall silent." But during the years of severe trials, during the years of the holy war, the muses could not be silent, they led into battle, they became a weapon that smashed enemies.

I was shocked by one of Olga Bergholz's poems:

We foresaw the ripple of this tragic day,

He came. Here is my life, my breath. Motherland! Take them from me!

I love You with a new, bitter, all-forgiving, living love,

My homeland is crowned with thorns, with a dark rainbow overhead.

It has come, our hour, and what it means - only you and I can know.

I love You - I can not do otherwise, I and You are still one.

Our people continue the traditions of their ancestors during the Great Patriotic War. A huge country stood up for a mortal battle, and poets sang the defenders of the Motherland.

One of the lyrical books about the war for centuries will remain the poem "Vasily Terkin" by Tvardovsky.

The year has come and gone.

Today we are responsible

For Russia, for the people

And for everything in the world.

The poem was written during the war years. It was printed one chapter at a time, the fighters were looking forward to their publication, the poem was read at halts, the fighters always remembered it, it inspired them to fight, called to defeat the Nazis. The hero of the poem was a simple Russian soldier Vasily Terkin, ordinary, like everyone else. He was the first in battle, but after the battle he was ready to tirelessly dance and sing to the accordion.

The poem reflects the battle, and rest, and halts, the whole life of a simple Russian soldier in the war is shown, there is the whole truth, that's why the soldiers fell in love with the poem. And in the soldiers' letters, chapters from Vasily Terkin rewritten millions of times ...

Terkin was wounded in the leg, ended up in the hospital, “lay down in bed. and again intends to "soon trample the grass without help with that foot." Everyone was ready to do so. "Vasily Terkin" is a book about a fighter, comrade, friend whom everyone met in the war, and the soldiers tried to be like him. This book is an alarm, a call to fight. Alexander Tvardovsky tried to make it possible to say about everyone:

Hey Terkin!

Along with the male soldiers, women also fought. Boris Vasiliev in the book “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” spoke about five girls, young, recently graduated from school, spoke about each, about her fate and about what a terrible unfeminine fate fell to them. The purpose of a woman is to be a mother, to continue the human race, but life decreed differently. Finding themselves face to face with a seasoned enemy, they were not at a loss. In their own way, they protect this quiet land with its dawns. The Nazis did not even understand that they fought with girls, and not with experienced warriors.

The end of the book is sad, but the girls defended the quiet dawns at the cost of their lives. The way they fought, they fought everywhere. So we fought yesterday, today, we will fight tomorrow. This is the mass heroism that led to victory.

The memory of those who died in wars is immortalized in works of art. Literature is joined by architecture and music. But it would be better if there were never wars, and valiant sons and daughters worked for the glory of Russia.

through the centuries

years later -

who won't come

never, -

(4 option)

There have been many different wars in the history of Russia, and they always inevitably brought misfortunes, devastation, suffering, human tragedies, regardless of whether they were announced or begun slyly on the sly. The two indispensable components of any war are tragedy and glory.

One of the most striking wars in this respect was the war with Napoleon in 1812. L.N. Tolstoy. It seems that in his work the war was considered and regarded from all sides - its participants, its causes and end. Tolstoy created a whole theory of war and peace, and more and more new generations of readers never tire of admiring his talent. Tolstoy emphasized and proved the unnaturalness of war, and the figure of Napoleon was subjected to cruel debunking on the pages of the novel. He is depicted as a self-satisfied ambitious man, at whose whim the bloodiest campaigns were carried out. For him, war is a means to achieve glory, thousands of senseless deaths do not excite his selfish soul. Tolstoy deliberately describes Kutuzov in such detail - the commander who led the army that defeated the self-satisfied tyrant - he wanted to further belittle the significance of Napoleon's personality. Kutuzov is shown as a generous, humane patriot, and most importantly, as the bearer of Tolstoy's idea of the role of the mass of soldiers during the war.

In "War and Peace" we also see the civilian population in a period of military danger. Their behavior is different. Someone is in the salons of fashionable talk about the magnificence of Napoleon, someone is cashing in on other people's tragedies ... Tolstoy pays special attention to those who did not flinch in the face of danger and helped the army with all their might. The Rostovs look after the prisoners, some daredevils run away as volunteers. All this variety of natures manifests itself especially sharply precisely in war, since it is a critical moment in everyone's life, it requires an immediate reaction without hesitation, and therefore people's actions here are most natural.

Tolstoy repeatedly emphasized the just, liberating nature of the war - it was Russia's reflection of the French attack, Russia was forced to shed blood in order to defend its independence.

But there is nothing more terrible than a civil war, when a brother goes against his brother, a son goes against his father... This human tragedy was shown by Bulgakov, Fadeev, Babel, and Sholokhov. Bulgakov's heroes of the "White Guard" lose their life orientation, rush from one camp to another, or simply die, not understanding the meaning of their sacrifice. In Babel's Cavalry, a Cossack father kills his son, a supporter of the Reds, and later the second son kills his father... In Sholokhov's Mole, the ataman father kills his commissar's son... Cruelty, indifference to family ties, friendship, the killing of everything human - these are the essential attributes of a civil war.

White was - became red:

Sprinkled blood.

Red was - white became:

Death whitened.

So wrote M. Tsvetaeva, arguing that death is the same for everyone, regardless of political beliefs. And it can manifest itself not only physically, but also morally: people, broken, go to betrayal. Thus, the intellectual Pavel Mechik from Cavalry cannot accept the rudeness of the Red Army soldiers, does not get along with them, and chooses the latter between honor and life.

This theme - the moral choice between honor and duty - has repeatedly become central in works about the war, because in reality almost everyone had to make this choice. So, both answers to this difficult question are presented in Vasil Bykov's story "Sotnikov", which takes place already in the Great Patriotic War. Partisan Rybak bends under the cruelty of torture and gradually gives out more and more information, names names, thus increasing his betrayal drop by drop. Sotnikov, in the same situation, steadfastly endures all the suffering, remains true to himself and his cause, and dies a patriot, having managed to give a silent order to the boy in Budyonovka.

In "Obelisk" Bykov shows another version of the same choice. Teacher Moroz voluntarily shared the fate of the executed students; Knowing that the children would not be released anyway, without succumbing to excuses, he made his moral choice - he followed his duty.

The theme of war is an inexhaustible tragic source of plots for works. As long as there are ambitious and inhumane people who do not want to stop the bloodshed, the earth will be torn apart by shells, accept more and more innocent victims, and be irrigated with tears. The goal of all writers and poets who have made war their theme is to make future generations think again, showing this inhuman phenomenon of life in all its ugliness and abomination.

(5 option)

The farther from the beginning and end of the war, the more we realize the greatness of the national feat. And the more - the price of victory. I remember the first message about the results of the war: seven million dead. Then another figure will come into circulation for a long time: twenty million dead. More recently, twenty-seven million have already been named. And how many crippled, broken lives? How many unfulfilled happiness, how many children were born, how many mother's, father's, widow's, and children's tears were shed?

Special mention should be made of life in the war. Life, which, of course, includes fights, but does not come down to fights only. The main incredible labor part is the life of the war. Vyacheslav Kondratiev tells about this in the story "Sashka", which "could be called the deepest essential tragic prose of the war. 1943. Fighting over Rzhev. Bread is bad. No smoking. No ammunition. Dirt. The main motive runs through the whole story: beaten - broken company.

Almost completely did not get fellow soldiers of the Far East. Of the hundred and fifty people in the company, sixteen remained. "All the fields are ours," Sasha will say. Around the rusty, swollen with red blood earth. But the inhumanity of the war could not dehumanize Sasha. Here he climbed to take off the felt boots from the murdered German. “I wouldn’t climb for anything for myself, these felt boots are gone to hell! But it’s a pity for Rozhkov.

I would like to highlight the most important episode of the story - the story of the tribal Germans, which Sashka cannot, following the order, put to waste. After all, it was written in the leaflet: "Life and return after the war are secured." And Sashka promised the German his life: "Those who burned the village, these arsonists, Sashka would shoot mercilessly. If they were caught."

How about in bebruigo? Sashka saw a lot of deaths during this time. But the price of human life did not decrease from this in his mind. Lieutenant Volodko will say when he hears a story about a captured German: "Well, Sasha you are a man." And Sasha will simply answer: "We are people, not fascists." In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is what the story was written about: about a terrible war and preserved humanity.

For decades, this is at least since the Second World War, the interests of society in this historical event have not weakened. The time of democracy and glasnost, which illuminated many pages of our past with the light of truth, poses more and more questions to historians and writers. Not accepting the lie, the slightest inaccuracy, in showing the historical science of the past war, its participant, the writer V. Astafiev, severely assesses what has been done: "Besides what is written in the war, I, as a soldier, have nothing to do with it, I was in a completely different war. The half-truths exhausted us These and similar, perhaps harsh words, invite us to turn, along with the traditional works of Yuri Bondarev, Vasily Bykov, Viktor Bogomol, to Astafyev's novels "The Shepherd and the Shepherdess", "Life and Fate" by V. Grossman, the stories and stories of Viktor Nekrasov "In the trenches Stalingrad", K. Vorobyov "Scream", "Killed near Moscow", "It's us, Lord!", V. Kondratiev "Sashka" and others.

This is us, Lord!" a work of such artistic significance that, according to V. Astafiev, "Even in an unfinished form ... it can and should stand on the same shelf with Russian classics." We still do not know a lot about the war, about the true price victory. The work of K. Vorobyov depicts such events of the Second World War that are not fully known to an adult reader and are almost unknown to a schoolboy. The heroes of the story by Konstantin Vorobyov "It's you, Lord!" and the story "Sasha" by Kondratiev are very close in worldview, age, character, the events of both stories take place in the same places, return us, in the words of Kondratiev, "to the most crumbly war, to its most nightmarish and inhuman pages." However, Konstantin Vorobyov has a different face of war compared to the Kondratiev story - captivity. Not so much has been written about this: "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov, "The Alpine Ballad" by V. Bykov, "Life and Fate" by Grossman. And in all works, the attitude towards prisoners is not the same. Syromukhov, the hero of Vorobyov in the 70s, says that nonsense should be passed off as the torment of captivity, and his opponent Khlykin furiously replies: "Yes, nonsense. Prodigal Son" - receive and carry without the right to withdraw. And still many perceive captive as pale sons and daughters. In the title of the story "This is us, Lord!", as if a voice is heard - the groan of the tormented: we are ready for death, for being accepted by you, Lord. We have gone through all the circles of hell, but our cross carried to the end, did not lose the human in themselves. The title also contains the idea of immeasurable suffering, that in this terrible guise of half-living beings, it is difficult to recognize oneself. K. Vorobyov writes about the system of extermination of people who witnessed Nazi crimes, about atrocities with pain and hatred. What gave strength to fight exhausted, sick, hungry people? Hatred of enemies is certainly strong, but it is not the main factor. Still, the main thing is faith in truth, goodness and justice. Also, the love of life.

works of art

about the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)
I know it's not my fault

That others

did not come from the war,

That they - who are older,

who is younger

Stayed there, and it's not about the same thing,

that I could

but failed to save

It's not about that, but still,

nevertheless, nevertheless...

Alexander Tvardovsky
The theme of the Great Patriotic War, which appeared in our literature from the very beginning of the war, still excites both writers and readers. Unfortunately, authors who knew firsthand about the war are gradually dying, but they left for us in talented works their penetrating vision of events, having managed to convey the atmosphere of bitter, terrible, and at the same time solemn and heroic years.

Books about the war must be read from childhood, so as not to lose the thread of memory of the valor of our compatriots who gave us life. We offer you an annotated recommendation list of the best works about the Great Patriotic War. The list is in alphabetical order of the authors. All presented literary masterpieces have a full-text analogue on the Internet.

For elementary grades

		Voronkova L.F. Girl from the city The story "The Girl from the City", written in the harsh year of 1943, still touches the hearts of children and adults. All the best in a person is most clearly manifested in the years of severe trials. This is confirmed by the story of the little refugee Valentinka, who found herself among strangers in an unfamiliar village.
		Gaidar A.P. The Tale of the Military Secret, of Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word A heroic tale by a wonderful children's writer. The Malchish-Kibalchish embodies all the best features of our boys, who dream of accomplishing a real feat in the name of the Motherland. The Great Victory would not have been won if there were not such big and small heroes. Didn't the fate of the pioneer heroes repeat the fate of Malchish-Kibalchish?
		Kassil L. Youngest Son Street The story of the life and death of the young partisan Volodya Dubinin - the hero of the Great Patriotic War.
		Kataev V. Son of the regiment The orphan boy Vanya Solntsev, by the will of fate, ended up in a military unit with scouts. His stubborn character, pure soul and boyish courage were able to overcome the resistance of the harsh military people and helped him stay at the front, become the son of a regiment.
		Mikhalkov S. True story for children Despite the well-known ideological orientation, “A True Story for Children” is a good work about the war, capable of conveying to modern children what our country endured at that terrible time. The poem covers the events of 1941 - 1945. This resource is a scanned book pages (Children's Literature, Moscow, 1969) with drawings by N. Kochergin.
		Oseeva V.A. Vasek Trubachev and his comrades The heroes of the trilogy "Vasek Trubachev and his comrades" lived, studied, played pranks, made friends and quarreled several decades ago, but it's all the more interesting to travel in a "time machine" and look into their world. But the cloudless time of childhood for Trubachev and his friends turned out to be too short: it was cut short by the Great Patriotic War.
		Paustovsky K. G. Adventures of a rhinoceros beetle The soldier carried with him in his travel bag a rhinoceros beetle, which his son gave him as a keepsake before leaving for the front. This beetle became a good comrade to the soldier in military life. They went through a lot together, both have something to remember.
		Platonov A. Nikita The story is named after the main character - a little boy Nikita. Writer Andrey Platonov was one of those who forever remembered what he was like in childhood - and not everyone remembers this. Probably, Platonov was never told in his childhood: you are not yet grown up, this is not in your mind. Therefore, he tells us about small people, and respects them as big ones. And they also respect themselves in his stories, they even see that they, perhaps, are the most important people on earth here ...
		Platonov A. Flower on the ground The world is wide, it contains a lot of interesting things. The little man makes discoveries every day. The hero of the story "A Flower on the Ground" suddenly looked at an ordinary flower with completely different eyes. The grandfather helped his grandson to see the holy worker in the flower.
		Simonov K. Son of an artilleryman K.Simonov's ballad is based on real events. The poetic narrative about Major Deev and Lyonka is remembered from the first reading, it is written so simply, clearly and impressively.
		Yakovlev Y. Girls from Vasilyevsky Island Yuri Yakovlev in his stories reveals to children the whole truth of life as it is, not hiding from solving problems behind the external fascination of the plot. The book “Girls from Vasilevsky Island” is a story about little Tanya Savicheva, who died of starvation, based on her surviving notes.
For grades 5-7
		Bogomolov V.O. Ivan A tragic and true story about a brave scout boy who sacrifices himself every day, consciously performing an adult service that not every adult soldier can do.
		Kozlov V. Vitka from Chapaevskaya street The book tells about teenagers who went on a campaign just before the start of the war. They fully survived the difficulties and dangers of the war, like the entire Russian people. That is how they grew up. More than one generation of boys and girls read the story "Vitka from Chapaevskaya Street" by V. Kozlov.
		Korolkov Yu. Pioneers-Heroes. Lenya Golikov During the Great Patriotic War, when the Nazis invaded Novgorod, Lenya Golikov joined the ranks of the people's avengers. The story is based on real events. The text is accompanied by drawings by V. Yudin.
		Platonov A. Tree of the Motherland This is not so much a story as a parable, which speaks of the unnaturalness of war, of the impotence of death in the face of the stubborn desire of the Soldier to stand in the name of life, to protect his mother, land, Motherland - everything that is dear and sacred to him.
		Platonov A. Campo "Sampo" is a fabulous self-milling mill, which is able to feed everyone for free. Andrey Platonov's parable tells about a small collective farm called "Kind Life", where hardworking people lived, who did not dream of a wonderful mill. Everything they had was earned through hard work. But this was not enough to protect the "Good Life" from the evil enemy
		Ochkin A. Ya. Ivan - me, Fedorovs - we This story contains real events and almost all real names. The author describes the military deeds of his friend, "brother" Vanya Fedorov, who died a hero's death in Stalingrad. Aleksey Yakovlevich Ochkin himself started the war on the Don, participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov on the Kursk Bulge, was seriously wounded more than once, but reached the end along the roads of the war: he participated in the storming of Berlin and the liberation of Prague.
		Rudny V. Children of Captain Granin The Gangut Peninsula, located at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, from the first days of the Great Patriotic War became the most important strategic point. Its defenders not only did not let a single large enemy ship into the Gulf of Finland, which could pose a serious threat to Leningrad, but also pulled back significant enemy forces at the most decisive moment.
		Tolstoy A.N. Russian character During the Battle of Kursk, Lieutenant Yegor Dremov barely managed to escape from a burning tank. He survived and even retained his sight, but after several operations his burnt face changed beyond recognition. This is how he arrived at his home. We learn about this return from the story "Russian Character".
For grades 8-9
		Adamovich A., Granin D. Blockade book Daniil Granin called the nine hundred days of the siege of Leningrad "an epic of human suffering." The documentary chronicle is based on the memoirs and diaries of hundreds of Leningraders who survived the siege.
		Adamovich A. Khatyn story In Belarus, the Nazis committed atrocities like nowhere else: more than 9200 villages were destroyed, in more than 600 of them almost all the inhabitants were killed or burned, only a few were saved. "Khatyn story" is written on documentary material. It is dedicated to the struggle of Belarusian partisans. One of them - Fleur - recalls the events of the last war.
		Aitmatov Ch.T. early cranes The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. A distant Kyrgyz village. The men are at the front. The characters in the story are schoolchildren. The best, the strongest of them must raise the abandoned fields, give bread to the front, to families. And children deeply understand this. The war became a severe test for teenagers, but it did not kill their ability to enjoy life, to see beauty, to share joy with others.
		Baklanov G. Forever - nineteen This book is about those who did not return from the war, about love, about life, about youth, about immortality. In the book, a photo story runs parallel to the story. “The people who are in these photographs,” the author writes, “I did not meet at the front and did not know. They were captured by photojournalists and maybe that's all that's left of them."
		Vasiliev B.L. And the dawns here are quiet... This work is one of the most poignant in its lyricism and tragedy of works about the war. The bright images of the girls - the main characters of the story, their dreams and memories of loved ones, create a striking contrast with the inhuman face of the war, which spares no one.
		Kazakevich E. Zvezda This work was created on the basis of the front experienced by the author in the battle heat, at the sight of suffering and death of people. The tragically sad and bright story about a group of divisional scouts sounds like a revelation and penetrates into the souls of people.
		Kosmodemyanskaya L.T. The Tale of Zoya and Shura Children L.T. Kosmodemyanskaya died in the fight against fascism, defending the freedom and independence of their people. She talks about them in her story. According to the book, you can follow the life of Zoya and Shura Kosmodemyansky day by day, find out their interests, thoughts, dreams.
		Polevoy B. The Tale of a Real Man “The Tale of a Real Man” is a 1946 story by B.N. Polevoy about the Soviet pilot Meresyev, who was shot down in battle during the Great Patriotic War. After being severely wounded, doctors amputated both of his legs. But he decided that he would fly.
		Tvardovsky A.T. Vasily Terkin In the deeply truthful, full of humor, classically clear in its poetic form, the poem "Vasily Terkin" A. T. Tvardovsky created the immortal image of the Soviet fighter. This work has become a vivid embodiment of the Russian character and popular feelings of the era of the Great Patriotic War.
		Sholokhov A. The fate of man A story in a story by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" is a story about a simple man in a big war, who, at the cost of losing loved ones, comrades, with his courage, heroism, gave the right to life and freedom to the Motherland. In the image of Andrei Sokolov, the features of the Russian national character are concentrated.
For high school
	Adamovich A. Punishers "The Punishers" is a bloody chronicle of the destruction of seven peaceful villages on the territory of temporarily occupied Belarus by the battalion of the Nazi punisher Dirlewanger. The chapters bear the corresponding titles: “First Village”, “Second Village”, “Between the Third and Fourth Villages”, etc. Each chapter contains excerpts from documents on the activities of the punitive detachments and their participants.
	Bogomolov V. Moment of Truth The plot develops on the basis of a tense confrontation between SMERSH officers and a group of German saboteurs. The Moment of Truth is the most famous novel in the history of Russian literature about the work of counterintelligence during the Great Patriotic War, translated into more than 30 languages.
	Bykov V. Sotnikov For the entire work of V. Bykov, the problem of the moral choice of a hero in war is characteristic. In the story "Sotnikov" not representatives of two different worlds collide, but people of one country. The heroes of the work - Sotnikov and Rybak - under normal conditions, perhaps, would not have shown their true nature. The reader, together with the author, will have to think about eternal philosophical questions: the price of life and death, cowardice and heroism, fidelity to duty and betrayal. An in-depth psychological analysis of every action and gesture of the characters, a fleeting thought or remark is one of the strongest sides of the story. The Pope of Rome presented the writer V. Bykov with a special prize of the Catholic Church for the story "Sotnikov".
	Vorobyov K. Killed near Moscow The story “Killed near Moscow” became the first work of K. Vorobyov from the category of those that were called “lieutenant prose” by critics. Vorobyov spoke about that "incredible reality of war", which he himself witnessed during the fighting near Moscow in the winter of 1941. War, bursting into human life, affects it like nothing else, radically changes it.
	Kondratiev V. Sasha The events in the story "Sasha" take place in 1942. The author himself is a front-line soldier and fought near Rzhev, just like his hero. The story shows people in the war and in life. The writer considered it his duty to convey the bitter military truth to readers. He reproduces military life in every detail, which gives his story a special realism, makes the reader an accomplice in events. For the people fighting here, even the most insignificant trifle is forever engraved in the memory.
	Nekrasov V. In the trenches of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad, which decided the outcome of the Great Patriotic War, is depicted in many works of art. The story of Viktor Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad" still amazes with depth and truthfulness. The great and simple heroes of Stalingrad stand before us with our own eyes.
	Platonov A. Recovery of the dead Andrei Platonov was a war correspondent during the war years. He wrote about what he saw himself. The story "Recovery of the dead" became the pinnacle of A. Platonov's military prose. Dedicated to the heroic crossing of the Dnieper. And at the same time, he tells about the holiness of a mother going to the grave of her children, holiness born of suffering.
	Tendryakov V. F. People or non-humans V. Tendryakov went to the front as a volunteer after graduating from school at the age of 17. Was a communicator. Some facts of his military biography are reflected in the essay "People or Inhumans". This is the writer's reflection on how quickly the transformation of people into non-humans takes place. Sparing neither his compatriots nor the fascists, the author shows the tragic relativity of humanity and inhumanity in a person, depending on the circumstances.
	Fadeev A.A. Young guard A novel about the Krasnodon underground organization "Young Guard", which operated in the territory occupied by the Nazis, many of whose members died heroically in the Nazi dungeons. Most of the main characters of the novel: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Ivan Zemnukhov, Sergey Tyulenin and others are real people.
	Sholokhov M.A. They fought for their country The pages of the novel "They Fought for the Motherland" recreate one of the most tragic moments of the war - the retreat of our troops on the Don in the summer of 1942. The uniqueness of this work lies in the special Sholokhov's ability to combine the large-scale and epic character of the image (a tradition coming from L. Tolstoy's "War and Peace") with the detail of the narration, with a keen sense of the uniqueness of the human character. The novel reveals in many ways the fate of three modest ordinary people - miner Pyotr Lopakhin, combine operator Ivan Zvyagintsev, agronomist Nikolai Streltsov. Very different in character, they are connected at the front by male friendship and boundless devotion to the Fatherland.

The action of the story takes place in 1945, in the last months of the war, when Andrei Guskov returns to his native village after being wounded and hospitalized - but it just so happened that he returns as a deserter. Andrei simply did not want to die, he fought a lot and saw a lot of deaths. Only Nasten's wife knows about his act, she is now forced to hide her fugitive husband even from her relatives. She visits him from time to time at his hideout and it is soon revealed that she is pregnant. Now she is doomed to shame and torment - in the eyes of the whole village she will become a walking, unfaithful wife. Meanwhile, rumors are spreading that Guskov did not die or go missing, but is hiding, and they are starting to look for him. Rasputin's story about serious spiritual metamorphoses, about the moral and philosophical problems facing the heroes, was first published in 1974.

Boris Vasiliev. "Not listed"

Vasily Grossman. "Life and Destiny"

Konstantin Simonov. "Alive and Dead"

Mikhail Sholokhov. "They fought for their country"

The writer worked on the novel from 1942 to 1969. The first chapters were written in Kazakhstan, where Sholokhov came from the front to the evacuated family. The theme of the novel is incredibly tragic in itself - the retreat of Soviet troops on the Don in the summer of 1942. Responsibility to the party and the people, as it was then understood, could induce to smooth out sharp corners, but Mikhail Sholokhov, as a great writer, openly wrote about insoluble problems, about fatal mistakes, about chaos in front-line deployment, about the absence of a “strong hand” capable of to clean up. The retreating military units, passing through the Cossack villages, felt, of course, not cordiality. It was not at all understanding and mercy that fell to their lot on the part of the inhabitants, but indignation, contempt and anger. And Sholokhov, dragging an ordinary person through the hell of war, showed how his character crystallizes in the process of testing. Shortly before his death, Sholokhov burned the manuscript of the novel, and only separate pieces were published. Whether there is a connection between this fact and the strange version that Andrei Platonov helped Sholokhov write this work at the very beginning is not even important. It is important that there is another great book in Russian literature.

Viktor Astafiev. "Cursed and Killed"

Vladimir Bogomolov. "In August 44th"

The novel, published in 1974, is based on real documented events. Even if you have not read this book in any of the fifty languages it has been translated into, then everyone has probably watched the film with the actors Mironov, Baluev and Galkin. But the cinema, believe me, will not replace this polyphonic book, which gives a sharp drive, a sense of danger, a full platoon, and at the same time a sea of information about the "Soviet state and military machine" and about the everyday life of intelligence officers.So, the summer of 1944. Belarus has already been liberated, but somewhere on its territory a group of spies goes on the air, transmitting strategic information to the enemies about Soviet troops preparing a grandiose offensive. A detachment of scouts led by a SMERSH officer was sent in search of spies and a direction-finding radio.Bogomolov is a front-line soldier himself, so he was terribly meticulous in describing the details, and in particular, the work of counterintelligence (the Soviet reader learned a lot from him for the first time). Vladimir Osipovich simply harassed several directors who were trying to film this exciting novel, he “sawed” the then editor-in-chief of Komsomolskaya Pravda for an inaccuracy in the article, proving that it was he who first spoke about the method of Macedonian shooting. He is an amazing writer, and his book, without the slightest loss of historicity and ideological content, has become a real blockbuster in the best possible way.

Anatoly Kuznetsov. "Babi Yar"

Vasil Bykov. The stories “The Dead Doesn’t Hurt”, “Sotnikov”, “Alpine Ballad”

In all the stories of the Belarusian writer (and he mostly wrote stories), the action takes place during the war, in which he himself was a participant, and the focus of meaning is the moral choice of a person in a tragic situation. Fear, love, betrayal, sacrifice, nobility and baseness - all this is mixed in different heroes of Bykov. The story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the police, and how, in the end, one of them, in complete spiritual baseness, hangs the second. Based on this story, Larisa Shepitko made the film "Ascent". In the story "The Dead Doesn't Hurt", a wounded lieutenant is sent to the rear, ordered to escort three captured Germans. Then they stumble upon a German tank unit, and in a skirmish, the lieutenant loses both prisoners and his companion, and he himself is wounded in the leg a second time. Nobody wants to believe his report about the Germans in the rear. In the Alpine Ballad, a Russian prisoner of war Ivan and an Italian Julia escaped from a Nazi concentration camp. Pursued by the Germans, exhausted by cold and hunger, Ivan and Julia grow closer. After the war, the Italian lady will write a letter to Ivan's fellow villagers, in which she will tell about the feat of their fellow countryman and about three days of their love.

Daniil Granin and Ales Adamovich. "Blockade Book"

The famous book written by Granin in collaboration with Adamovich is called the book of truth. The first time it was published in a magazine in Moscow, it was published as a book in Lenizdat only in 1984, although it was written back in 1977. It was forbidden to publish the Blockade Book in Leningrad as long as the city was led by the first secretary of the regional committee, Romanov. Daniil Granin called the 900 days of the blockade "an epic of human suffering." On the pages of this amazing book, the memories and torments of exhausted people in the besieged city seem to come to life. It is based on the diaries of hundreds of blockade survivors, including the records of the deceased boy Yura Ryabinkin, the historian Knyazev and other people. The book contains blockade photographs and documents from the archives of the city and the Granin fund.

“Tomorrow there was a war” Boris Vasilyev (Publishing house “Eksmo”, 2011) “What a hard year! - Do you know why? Because leap year. The next one will be happy, you'll see! - The next one was one thousand nine hundred and forty-one. A poignant story about how 9-B class students loved, made friends and dreamed in 1940. About how important it is to believe people and be responsible for your words. How shameful to be a coward and a scoundrel. The fact that betrayal and cowardice can cost lives. Honor and mutual assistance. Beautiful, lively, modern teenagers. The boys who shouted "Hurrah" when they learned about the beginning of the war ... And the war was tomorrow, and the boys died in the first days. Short, without drafts and second chances, fast-paced lives. A very necessary book and a film of the same name with an excellent cast, Yuri Kara's graduation work, filmed in 1987.

“The Dawns Here Are Quiet” Boris Vasiliev (Azbuka-classika publishing house, 2012) The story of the fate of five anti-aircraft gunners and their commander Fedot Vaskov, written in 1969 by front-line soldier Boris Vasiliev, brought fame to the author and became a textbook work. The story is based on a real episode, but the author made the main characters as young girls. “Women have the hardest time in war,” recalled Boris Vasiliev. - There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them.” Their names became common nouns. Beautiful Zhenya Komelkova, young mother Rita Osyanina, naive and touching Liza Brichkina, orphanage Galya Chetvertak, educated Sonya Gurvich. Twenty-year-old girls, they could live, dream, love, raise children ... The plot of the story is well known thanks to the film of the same name, shot by Stanislav Rostotsky in 1972, and the Russian-Chinese TV series in 2005. You need to read the story in order to feel the atmosphere of the time and touch the bright female characters and their fragile destinies.

"Babi Yar" Anatoly Kuznetsov (Publishing house "Scriptorium 2003", 2009) In 2009, a monument dedicated to the writer Anatoly Kuznetsov was opened in Kyiv at the intersection of Frunze and Petropavlovskaya streets. A bronze sculpture of a boy reading a German decree ordering all Jews of Kyiv to appear on September 29, 1941 with documents, money and valuables ... In 1941, Anatoly was 12 years old. His family did not have time to evacuate, and for two years Kuznetsov lived in the occupied city. "Babi Yar" was written according to childhood memories. The retreat of the Soviet troops, the first days of the occupation, the explosion of Khreshchatyk and the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, executions in Babi Yar, desperate attempts to feed themselves, sausage from human flesh, which was speculated on the market, Kiev Dynamo, Ukrainian nationalists, Vlasovites - nothing escaped the eyes of the nimble teenager. A contrasting combination of childish, almost everyday perception and terrible events that defy logic. In an abridged form, the novel was published in 1965 in the journal Youth, the full version was first published in London five years later. After 30 years of the author's death, the novel was translated into Ukrainian.

"Alpine Ballad" Vasil Bykov (Publishing House "Eksmo", 2010) You can recommend any story of the front-line writer Vasil Bykov: "Sotnikov", "Obelisk", "The Dead Doesn't Hurt", "Wolf Pack", "Go and not return" - more than 50 works by the national writer of Belarus, but the Alpine Ballad deserves special attention. A Russian prisoner of war, Ivan, and an Italian, Giulia, escaped from a Nazi concentration camp. Among the harsh mountains and alpine meadows, pursued by the Germans, exhausted by cold and hunger, Ivan and Julia draw closer. After the war, the Italian lady will write a letter to Ivan's fellow villagers, in which she will tell about the feat of their fellow countryman, about three days of love that lit up the darkness and fear of war with lightning. From Bykov’s memoirs “The Long Way Home”: “I foresee a sacramental question about fear: was he afraid? Of course, he was afraid, and maybe sometimes he was a coward. But there are many fears in war, and they are all different. Fear of the Germans - that they could be taken prisoner, shot; fear due to fire, especially artillery or bombing. If an explosion is nearby, it seems that the body itself, without the participation of the mind, is ready to be torn to pieces from wild torment. But there was also fear that came from behind - from the authorities, from all those punitive organs, of which there were no less in the war than in peacetime. Even more".

“Not on the lists” Boris Vasiliev (Azbuka publishing house, 2010) Based on the story, the film “I am a Russian soldier” was shot. Tribute to the memory of all unknown and nameless soldiers. The hero of the story, Nikolai Pluzhnikov, arrived at the Brest Fortress on the evening before the war. In the morning the battle begins, and they do not have time to add Nikolai to the lists. Formally, he is a free man and can leave the fortress with his girlfriend. As a free man, he decides to fulfill his civic duty. Nikolai Pluzhnikov became the last defender of the Brest Fortress. Nine months later, on April 12, 1942, he ran out of ammunition and went upstairs: “The fortress didn’t fall: it just bled out. I am her last drop.

"Brest Fortress" Sergei Smirnov (publishing house "Soviet Russia", 1990) Thanks to the writer and historian Sergei Smirnov, the memory of many defenders of the Brest Fortress has been restored. For the first time, the defense of Brest became known in 1942, from a German headquarters report captured with documents from the defeated unit. The Brest Fortress, as far as possible, is a documentary story, and it quite realistically describes the mentality of the Soviet people. Readiness for a feat, mutual assistance (not with words, but by giving the last sip of water), putting one's own interests below the interests of the collective, defending the Motherland at the cost of one's life - these are the qualities of a Soviet person. In the Brest Fortress, Smirnov restored the biographies of the people who were the first to take the German blow, were cut off from the whole world and continued their heroic resistance. He returned to the dead their honest names and the gratitude of their descendants.

"Madonna with ration bread" Maria Glushko (publishing house "Goskomizdat", 1990) One of the few works that tells about the life of women in the war. Not heroic pilots and nurses, but those who worked in the rear, starved, raised children, gave "everything for the front, everything for victory", received funerals, restored the country to ruin. Largely autobiographical and last (1988) novel by the Crimean writer Maria Glushko. Her heroines, morally pure, courageous, thinking, are always an example to follow. Like the author, a sincere, honest and kind person. The heroine of Madonna is 19-year-old Nina. The husband leaves for the war, and Nina, in the last months of her pregnancy, is evacuated to Tashkent. From a prosperous wealthy family to the very thick of human misfortune. Here is pain and horror, betrayal and salvation that came from people whom she used to despise - non-party people, beggars ... There were those who stole a piece of bread from hungry children, and those who gave away their rations. “Happiness teaches nothing, only suffering teaches” After such stories, you understand how little we have done to deserve a well-fed, calm life, and how little we appreciate what we have.

The list can be continued for a long time. “Life and Fate” by Grossman, “Coast”, “Choice”, “Hot Snow” by Yuri Bondarev, which have become classic adaptations of “Shield and Sword” by Vadim Kozhevnikov and “Seventeen Moments of Spring” by Julian Semenov. The epic three-volume book "War" by Ivan Stadnyuk, "Battle for Moscow. Version of the General Staff, edited by Marshal Shaposhnikov, or the three-volume Memoirs and Reflections by Marshal Georgy Zhukov. There are no number of attempts to understand what happens to people in the war. There is no complete picture, no black and white. There are only special cases, illuminated by a rare hope and surprise that such a thing can be experienced and remain human.