How do you evaluate the hero's decision and his analysis of the situation?
| Petr Grinev | Maria Mironova | Alexey Shvabrin | Savelich | Emelyan Pugachev | Captain Mironov | Vasilisa Egorovna | |
| Appearance | Young, stately, collective image of a Russian person | Pretty, ruddy, chubby, with light blond hair | Young, not very attractive in appearance, short. | Old man. It embodies the image of all Russian populism, with all the national flavor | Short, broad-shouldered with a gray beard. Sly eyes and a sly smile on his lips, which sometimes seems like a cruel grin. | An elderly man, a little funny and awkward. | Elderly woman. Her whole appearance pointed to the position of the commandant's wife. |
| Character | Decent, noble, fair | Modest, fearful, devoted | Cynical, sharp, cowardly | Smart, dedicated, savvy | Sharp, strict | Loyal, brave, kind, honest, decent. | Kind, economic, devoted to her husband. |
| Social status | nobleman, officer | Daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress. Ordinary girl. | nobleman, officer | Serf, yard servant of Pyotr Grinev | Peasant. The leader of the uprising. | Captain of the Belgorod Fortress | Wife of the Captain of the Belgorod Fortress |
| Life position | To be an honest officer, worthy of performing service | Become a devoted, loving wife. | In everything to benefit, to be always the first. | Obey your masters in everything. Protect Peter in all situations. | Free the peasants from the oppression of the nobility and serfdom | Fulfill his duty, imposed on him by rank. | To be a good wife and mistress of the house. |
| Attitude towards moral values | Considers following moral principles as the duty of an officer | Values morality. | Neglects morality | Possesses high moral values, such as self-sacrifice and devotion. | It is difficult to discern moral values in a person who has raised a bloody rebellion, albeit with a noble goal. | Highly moral person | Shares the assurances of her husband. He believes that immoral acts should not be. |
| Relationships with wealth | Indifferent to wealth. | Money didn't matter to her. Never dreamed of being rich | Strives for money. | Indifferent to money. | He does not particularly strive for wealth, but does not neglect them. | Indifferent to wealth. Happy with what he has. | Indifferent to wealth, content with what is |
| Moral | Moral | highly moral | Immoral | A highly moral person. | Immoral | honest, moral | moral |
| Relationships | Grinev is in love with Maria Mironova, stands up for her and participates in a duel for her honor. Masha's parents are treated with respect and reverence. Savelich is treated like a servant. I never once thanked him for his help. | She is in love with Grinev, and even a parental ban on their marriage does not relieve her of warm feelings for him. Shvabrin is afraid. He is unpleasant to her. | Treats everyone with respect. He despises the Mironov family. Passionate about Maria. Wants to marry her, but without hesitation gives her to enemies. | Devoted to his master. She loves him and is ready to protect him. He does not dare to disobey and ask for gratitude for the service. Treats everyone well who treats Peter well. | Acts as a cruel, bloody leader of the uprising. Kills the parents of Masha Mironova. But he remembers the kindness of Peter, so he gives life and releases him with Mary. | He loves his wife and daughter. Good attitude to Grinev. He takes it to his house. | She supports her beloved husband in everything. Worried about the welfare of his daughter. He treats Grinev well, but is against his marriage to Masha. |
| Devotion to the motherland, attitude towards Pugachev | Faithful to the oath. Will not go over to the side of the enemy. Does not grovel before Pugachev. Feel free to answer his questions. | Will not go over to the side of the enemy. Faithful to the status quo. He does not know how to relate to Pugachev: he killed her parents, but saved her herself. | It is easy to refuse an oath. Ready to beg for forgiveness, crawling at the feet of Pugachev. | Devoted to the motherland, devoted to the master. Doesn't want to join the rebellion. Not afraid of Pugachev. He only prays that Emelyan will take pity on Peter. | The leader of the uprising, dissatisfied with the established regime of government. | A devoted soldier who did not break his oath even in the face of death | Supports her husband in everything. He will not swear allegiance to Pugachev under pain of death. |
It tells about the events of the second half of the 18th century. The plot is based on a peasant uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. This historical event is called one of the largest and bloodiest people's wars. In The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin clearly demonstrates to the reader how much suffering the "senseless and merciless Russian rebellion" brings not only to the "enemies of the people" - the nobles, but also to the rebels themselves. The work reveals the stories of the characters in such a way that we can empathize with them, studying new sides of this conflict. We offer you a list of the main characters of The Captain's Daughter with characteristics.
Petr Grinev- the main character on whose behalf the story is being told. The son of a wealthy landowner. From birth, he was preparing for military service in St. Petersburg, but, to his disappointment, at the age of 16 he was sent by his father to Orenburg, to the Belgorod fortress. Here begins his new life, filled with significant meetings, frightening events and losses.
A kind and helpful person. This character trait is revealed in the episode with the hare coat that he gives. Grinev is doing his military duty well (commanders praise him for his merits), is fond of poetry, and easily converges with people.
Masha Mironova- main character. This is the same captain's daughter, 18 years old. Grinev falls in love with her upon arrival at the fortress, and she reciprocates his feelings. , unlike Peter, an insolvent noblewoman, "a girl without a dowry." He dresses "simple and cute". Grinev notes that she has an angelic voice. She is smart, kind and has enviable courage (an episode with a petition from Catherine). A peasant revolt takes away her parents - Pugachev kills them during the capture of the fortress.
Emelyan Pugachev- a real historical figure, a Don Cossack, the main instigator of the rebellion. In the novel, he is presented both as a bloody robber, a merciless villain and a swindler, and as a savvy, intelligent, freedom-loving person. His attitude to life is presented in an episode with an eagle and a raven: "rather than eating carrion for 300 years, it is better to drink living blood once." At the end of the novel, he is executed.
Alexey Shvabrin- minor character. A young man from a wealthy family. At the beginning of the novel, he converges with Grinev, the latter considers him his friend. A demoted guardsman was transferred to the Belgorod fortress for the murder of a colleague. During the course of the novel, he meets with Pugachev, thereby betraying the Russian army, and at the end becomes a prisoner. attracts Grinev with his mind, but repels him with a craving for slander and malicious ridicule.
Shvabrin is a more negative character than a positive one. There is more evil in his character: he is endowed with shamelessness and cruelty. He is angry, narcissistic and vile: “... Alexei Ivanovich is forcing me to marry him<…>He treats me very cruelly ... ”(Masha’s words).
Arkhip Savelyev (Savelyich)- servant of Peter Grinev, sent along with his master to the Belgorod fortress. This old man has faithfully served Grinev for many years. He is a typical serf, kind, used to obeying orders and obeying his masters. tries to teach Peter about life, sometimes argues with him, but always forgives.
Based on the characteristics of the main characters of the novel, one can get a more or less complete picture of the Peasant War. Of course, all this is the author's interpretation, and not a documentary chronicle, so you cannot blindly believe in the veracity. But the atmosphere created by Pushkin, the mood of the era conveyed and human feelings are fair and true. Perhaps, after reading The Captain's Daughter, it will be easier for readers to understand the motives for the actions of the peasants who organized such a merciless war.
An analysis of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" helps to better understand and understand the famous historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. It tells about the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. The novel was first published in 1836, it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
To make a detailed analysis of The Captain's Daughter, you need to know the plot of this work well. The work is written in the form of memoirs of the elderly landowner Pyotr Grinev about the turbulent events of his youth.
He tells how at the age of 16 his father sent him to serve in the army.
On the way to the place of service, he accidentally meets Emelyan Pugachev, who was then a fugitive Cossack, who was only thinking about a large-scale uprising. They meet during a snowstorm, Pugachev agrees to accompany Grinev together with his elderly servant to the inn so as not to die in the elements. In gratitude, Grinev gives him his sheepskin coat.
For service, the protagonist resides in the Belogorsk fortress. Almost immediately, he falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. His colleague Shvabrin is also not indifferent to the girl and challenges Peter to a duel. During the fight, he gets injured. His father finds out about the incident and refuses to bless this marriage.
The rebels also come to the Belogorsk fortress. Masha's parents are killed. Shvabrin demonstrates his essence by swearing allegiance to Pugachev, but Grinev refuses to do so. Pyotr is saved from execution by Savelyich, who reminds Pugachev that this is the same young man who once gave him a hare coat.
But Grinev still refuses to fight on the side of the rebels, he is released to the besieged Orenburg. Peter begins to fight against Pugachev. One day he receives a letter from Masha, who, due to illness, was unable to leave the Belogorsk fortress. She writes that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him.
Grinev rushes about, choosing between feeling and duty. As a result, he arbitrarily leaves the unit, arrives in Belogorye and, with the help of Pugachev, saves Masha. Soon, on Shvabrin's denunciation, he was arrested by government troops. Grinev is awaiting sentencing in prison.
Masha is trying to do everything to prevent the death penalty of her lover. She goes to Tsarskoye Selo for an appointment with Empress Catherine II. She accidentally meets the empress on a walk. Alone and without retinue. She honestly tells the circumstances of the case, thinking that in front of her is one of the maids of honor of the Empress.
Catherine II is impressed by this story. She releases Grinev, he returns to his parents, soon plays a wedding with Masha. This is the summary of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter.
This novel is a living response of Russian literature to the historical novels of Walter Scott, which were extremely popular in Russia at that time. It is worth noting that Pushkin planned to write a historical novel back in the 1820s. This is how "Arap of Peter the Great" appeared.
The first classic Russian historical novel is Yuri Miloslavsky by Mikhail Zagoskin. Literary critics note the influence of Zagoskin on Pushkin. For example, the meeting with the counselor repeats one of the scenes of Yuri Miloslavsky.
The history of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter" is interesting. The idea of the novel came to Pushkin when he was working on the chronicle "History of the Pugachev rebellion". For the sake of documentary information, he specially traveled to the Southern Urals, met with eyewitnesses of those terrible years.
Initially, Pushkin intended to make the real officer Mikhail Shvanvich, who went over to Pugachev's side, the main character of the novel. But apparently, the plot about a nobleman who is served as a robber was realized by him in "Dubrovsky". Therefore, this time Pushkin decided to turn to the memoir form, and to make the main character an honest officer who remained faithful to the oath, despite the temptation to go over to the side of the rebels in order to save his life.
Analyzing the history of the creation of The Captain's Daughter, many note that the scene of Masha's meeting with the Empress in Tsarskoe Selo, most likely, Pushkin came up with a historical anecdote about the mercy of the German King Joseph II to the daughter of a low-ranking officer. The domestic image of Catherine herself, obviously, was inspired by Utkin's engraving.
An important question that all researchers of Pushkin's work ask is how to determine the genre of this work. "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story? There is still no consensus on this issue.
Those who claim that this is a story insist that the work itself is very small in volume. This is an important formal sign that indicates belonging to the story. In addition, the events described cover a small time period, which, as a rule, is not typical for a novel. Supporters of this hypothesis also point to the mediocrity of the personality of Pyotr Grinev, as well as his entourage, arguing that such heroes cannot be characters in a real novel.
In the dispute, what is "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story, there is a second point of view. Despite not paying attention to its small volume, the researchers still note that the text raises a large number of serious questions and problems, covers important, eternal topics. Therefore, according to the semantic content, it is quite possible to classify it as a novel, they believe.
There is still no unequivocal answer to the question about the genre of this work.
One of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter is Grinev. At the time of the events described, he was only 17 years old. He is an undergrowth, who, almost from birth, was enlisted in the guards of the Semenovsky regiment. At that time, this was done with young men in almost all noble families. Therefore, when they reached adulthood, they went to the army already in officer ranks.
Grinev appears before the reader in the rank of ensign. This is the main character on whose behalf the story is being told. At the same time, it is mentioned that by that time Alexander I already rules the country. The story is regularly interrupted by old-fashioned maxims.
Grinev's act in The Captain's Daughter, when he sets off from Orenburg to the fortress captured by Pugachev, is still being discussed. A Russian officer, faced with a choice - between duty and feeling, chooses the latter. He actually deserts, leaving his place of service, receives help from the leader of the rebels. All this for the love of a girl.
It is noteworthy that the original version contained information that Grinev died in 1817, but then Pushkin got rid of this fact. Belinsky characterizes Grinev's character as insensitive and insignificant. A well-known critic believes that Pushkin needed him only as an impartial witness to Pugachev's actions.
Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter is the main female character. Pushkin describes her as an 18-year-old girl with light brown hair, ruddy and chubby. She is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev comes to serve.
At first, she seems weak and spineless, but her true face is revealed when Masha goes to the capital, to the Empress, to ask for Grinev's life. Prince Vyazemsky, giving an analysis of The Captain's Daughter, notes that the image of this heroine is a kind of variation on the theme of Tatyana Larina.
But Tchaikovsky considered her not a very interesting character, but at the same time an honest and kind girl. Marina Tsvetaeva expresses herself even sharper about Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter - "an empty place for any first love."
The antagonist of Pyotr Grinev in The Captain's Daughter is a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Pushkin describes him as a short and swarthy officer with a remarkably ugly face.
When Grinev finds himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the character of The Captain's Daughter, Shvabrin, has been serving there for five years. In this remote division, he ended up due to a duel. He was transferred from the guard. As we can see, the punishment did not teach this hero anything, since soon he calls another enemy to the barrier. This time Grinev himself.
In the fortress, Shvabrin from The Captain's Daughter is considered by many to be a freethinker. At the same time, he is well versed in literature, speaks fluent French. But when one of the decisive moments in his life comes, he has to choose which side to take, he changes his oath and goes over to the side of the rebels, Pugachev's troops. In the future, he uses his position for selfish purposes, forcing Masha Mironova, who was left an orphan in the fortress, to marry him.
According to many literary critics, this is a classic romantic villain.
The figure of Emelyan Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter looks large and colorful. For example, Marina Tsvetaeva, a big admirer of Pushkin, saw in him the only real protagonist of the work, believing that he completely obscures the nondescript Grinev.
It is noteworthy that for a long time Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky hatched the idea of staging an opera based on this work by Pushkin. But in the end he abandoned this idea. He decided that the censorship would never miss this opera because of the image of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter. This character is written so powerfully that the viewer will be forced to leave the hall, fascinated by the rebel. Since Pushkin, according to Tchaikovsky, in the work "The Captain's Daughter" turned out to be a surprisingly handsome villain.
Researchers of Pushkin's work always attach great importance to the epigraph in The Captain's Daughter. It becomes the famous Russian proverb "Take care of honor from a young age."
It very accurately reflects what is happening with Peter Grinev. For this hero, events develop in such a way that he is forced to make one of the most difficult choices of his life. Act like an honest person or, frightened of mortal danger and likely punishment after that, betray the closest people and his ideals, in which he believed all these years.
Remembering the heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", it is necessary to mention the father of Peter, who instructs his son before leaving for the army. He urges him to faithfully serve the one to whom he swore, to obey his superiors, not to chase approval without a reason, not to ask for service, but not to shy away from it, and also to remember the proverb "take care of the dress again, and honor - from a young age." So the father formulates the core values for Peter, pointing out what should be the most important thing in this life.
At the same time, it is worth noting that not only upbringing, but also key character traits help Grinev fulfill his father's mandate. He is always sincere and directly tells people what he thinks of them. Saves Masha Mironova from Shvabrin, rescues his servant Savelich from the hands of Pugachev's henchmen. At the same time, he remains true to the word and oath that he gave to the Empress. This adherence to principles conquers Pugachev. Because of her, he first leaves Peter life, and then helps to leave with his beloved.
The honesty and loyalty of Grinev's oath are especially pronounced against the background of Shvabrin. The latter is an educated and eloquent officer, but he only thinks and cares about himself. While remaining completely indifferent to others. For the sake of saving his life, he easily renounces the oath and goes over to the side of the enemy. Such different characters in "The Captain's Daughter".
Grinev's personality is made up of sincerity and a sense of duty. He exactly tries to follow the proverb that his father admonished and which is put in the epigraph of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Moreover, we can observe a completely realistic hero who is sometimes afraid, doubts the correctness of his decisions, but still does not give up his convictions, performing truly heroic deeds for the sake of his loved ones and those close to him. For Grinev, in addition to duty and service, it is extremely important to always remain a person with a kind and loving heart who cannot tolerate injustice. And in others, he tries to see only the good. Even in Pugachev, in the first place, his mind, generosity and courage stand out, the fact that he tries to act as a defender of the poor and disadvantaged.
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is given in development. Each episode of the novel gives him the opportunity to express himself from one side or another.
Analyzing this work, the first thing to note is that it is written in the form of memoirs. According to its structure, it consists of 14 chapters, each of them has its own title and epigraph. The work is based on a real historical event - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev, which took place during the reign of Empress Catherine II from 1773 to 1775. Many of the problems of The Captain's Daughter that are raised in the work remain relevant to this day.
Let's take a closer look at composition. In the plot, Grinev briefly recalls his childhood and adolescence, about life in his parental home.
But there are two climaxes in the novel at once. In the first, Pugachev's army captures the Belogorsk fortress. Many officers are executed, including Masha's father, commandant Captain Mironov.
The second culmination of the novel is the heroic rescue of Masha by Pyotr Grinev, who remained in the fortress in the power of Shvabrin. The denouement is the news of the pardon of the protagonist, which Masha Mironova achieved from the Empress herself. The novel ends with an epilogue.
An important role in the novel is played by a vividly described picture of a spontaneous and merciless popular uprising. The author dwells in detail on the main causes of this rebellion, its participants and followers. As is often the case in Pushkin's works, the people play an important role. For the writer, he is not some faceless mass that blindly follows the leader. Each representative of the people is a separate independent person. At the same time, people unite among themselves, follow a certain goal. As a result, Pugachev is supported by Cossacks, Bashkirs, and peasants.
Delving into the characters' characters, it is worth noting that Pushkin pays great attention to the upbringing and characters of the characters. The author deliberately does not idealize the Grinev family. So, Grinev Sr. has an unstable character, but Peter, on the contrary, immediately arouses sympathy in the reader. Even being at the beginning of his life's journey, he sacredly remains faithful to his words and deeds. He is a brave man who is not afraid of danger, and therefore commands the respect of most readers of this novel.
It is interesting that Pushkin describes the Mironov family not without irony. The author endows Masha with a courageous and simple character, a pure heart and, most importantly, high moral principles.
Explicit hostility causes only one character - the slanderer Shvabrin. Very soon the reader will learn that he is capable of betrayal and denunciation and does not follow his oath at all. The image of the rebel leader Pugachev is majestic and tragic.
Readers are captivated by the simple and concise language in which this work is written. This makes the events described as true as possible.
