Cosmetics and perfumery - we use them every day, and do not think about those who created all these opportunities to make our skin, eyes, lips, hair, hands more beautiful and attractive? How few names remain not only in our memory, but in general in history. It's a pity…
When did cosmetics and? What's question? Both can be found in excavations of the deepest antiquity. Here are just the names of those who created them, made the greatest discoveries for the whole world of beauty, remained in oblivion. Maybe reconsider everything in your mind, and at least those that remain in the memory of a few, do not forget, do not delete from the history of mankind ....
For many, history remains history, and cosmetics remain cosmetics. But still…
Let's look at the last century, or rather in the 20s. What was the appearance of a woman of these years? A short boy-like haircut was complemented by blush that looked like a round blob on the cheeks, eyebrows plucked to the point that it only remained to draw them, a brightly made up mouth and eyes outlined in black with green or blue eyeshadow for blondes and black or brown in brunettes. Not so many items can be found in the beauty bag of the beauties of that era.
But the 20s passed, and the mask of makeup on the faces of beauties is a thing of the past. In the 30s, women tried to emphasize their beauty as natural, so they no longer applied blush with spots, but applied lightly and shaded it so that the skin was transparent and flawless. It was very difficult. How did Hollywood stars do it? Everything turned out to be simple - compact powder from Max Factor made the skin natural. In 1938, powder became available to many women in Europe and, of course, in America. But our grandmothers and great-grandmothers did not use this perfection for a long time. Although ..., of course, such powder was available for women - as they were then called - wives of party workers.
Max Factor - it was his cosmetics that became a symbol of beauty and perfection. The images of Hollywood stars Vivien Leigh, Greta Garbo, Clara Bow, Jean Harlow and many others were created by the maestro of cosmetics.
Max Factor (Maximilian Abramovich Factorovich) was born on August 5, 1877 in Poland, in the city of Lodz, which at that time was on the territory of the Russian Empire. The family of a poor Polish Jew was numerous - 10 children.
And very little Maximilian had to earn extra money, because his parents needed help. There was no question of any education. He was seven years old. Where could you work at that age? He sold sweets in the lobby of the theatre, and here for the first time he met with the world that had become dear to him throughout his life. A year later, Max became an assistant to the pharmacist, where he often fixed his curious gaze on jars and bowls in which something was mixed and ground. By nature, an inquisitive and conscientious boy, he soon began to try to combine different substances, observing what would come of it. He did not waste time and diligently studied the assignment entrusted to him, using his own observations. So he received the initial knowledge in the field of chemistry, which allowed him, at the age of nine, to get a job as an assistant to a leading cosmetologist and wig specialist. And then Max began to make his own creams, blush, and he liked this activity more and more. His cosmetics and the ability to apply them were appreciated, at the age of 14 he moved to Russia and became a make-up artist. When he was 22 years old, Max Factor opens his own cosmetics store in Ryazan, where he sells creams, lipsticks, perfumes, and wigs of his own making, which he learned to make back in Lodz. Soon, many people knew the products of the little Polish Jew. Max Factor was appointed chief make-up specialist at the Russian Imperial Opera House, and not only. The royal family became interested in his skill. Max becomes the court beautician. He made cosmetics to order, advised all the court nobility and. But the political events taking place one after another haunt him not only for himself, but more for his family. And in 1904 he decides to emigrate with his family to America. Max Factor was talented, and he was greatly valued, and therefore, to simply leave Russia, this was out of the question. Then he developed an escape plan - pretending to be ill (the complexion of a sick person was not difficult for him, who does make-up every day), he achieves a trip to Carlsbad for treatment. Here, Max Factor secretly meets with his family and with great difficulty he manages to move to America, where some of his relatives already were.
And here the fame about him quickly began to spread, regular customers appeared, among whom were Hollywood actors. And this, as you know, is the best advertisement for any creator, whether it be clothes, shoes or beauty. The fact that Max Factor ended up in America, and besides, in Los Angeles, is more likely not an accident, but long-planned plans. After all, it is not difficult to guess where and to whom his skills and knowledge will be needed. Certainly not in Russia, where a revolution and civil war was brewing that killed many people like Max Factor. Yes, his work was needed primarily by actors, and it was Hollywood actors. Therefore, already in 1908, Max Factor opened a new store with funds received in a short time. He is engaged in the manufacture of cosmetics and wigs that could not be distinguished from real hair. In each such wig there were about 100 - 150 thousand hairs sewn by hand. Could a person with perseverance and patience in work not achieve the popularity, the heights that Max Factor reached. He became so popular among the stars of Hollywood, this citadel of cinema art, that before filming, beautiful actresses, nascent stars, resorted to him with a request to apply makeup.
His name became known not only in Hollywood, everyone already knew about him - from the credits of films where he made up actors. In the 20s, makeup, as mentioned above, looked very unnatural. On the screens of films, the actors were also far from perfect. Max Factor worked out all the make-up techniques (it was he who first used this word from the phrase - to make up, which literally means - to draw a face), and became in the front row of the best cosmetologists of the 20s and 30s. His makeup was flawless. He created an image for such stars as Joan Crawford, Greta Garbo, Gloria Swanson. Max Factor created makeup that made the actors, even close-ups, look natural. He used false eyelashes, an eyebrow pencil, a mascara brush and a tube-shaped case, he came up with a lot of creams and lipsticks. But the most amazing thing about all the cosmetics was compact powder, which was applied in a thin layer with a brush, and it was completely impossible to determine that makeup was on the face. The factor also invented a cream, which is now called foundation, giving the skin a look of freshness, grooming and naturalness. “Make-up cannot be considered successful if it is noticeable; it's only good if the outsider can't guess that you're wearing make-up." It was makeup that was the passion of Max Factor. To prevent actors from sweating under makeup, he came up with breathable makeup. Max Factor created his new cosmetics always keeping in mind the lighting on the set, the quality of the film, the needs of the actors and the requirements of the director.
Back in 1918, Max Factor studied and used in practice the color palette of makeup. And when, in the 30s, he allowed himself to open his own studio or, as we say now, a beauty salon, he decided to use everything he had planned earlier to improve his make-up. Taking into account the peculiarities of the color of women's hair, skin, eyes, that is, the color type, Max Factor created 4 cabinets: blue -, green - for redheads, pink - for brunettes, peach - for dark blond. Then it was all the more important, since color films were appearing.
Max Factor passed away in 1938 at the age of 61. He was at the pinnacle of fame, and it seemed that there was no limit to his imagination in the field of cosmetology ...
But he had children. The eldest son Frank took the name Max Factor Jr., headed the Empire of Cosmetology and honorably became the successor of his father's work.
For his overall contribution to the development of cinema, Max Factor received an Oscar.
Max Factor has become the best of the best, his cosmetics are still being improved and continue to live among us. "For the stars - and for you" - it is in these words that the whole principle of the work of the Max Factor company is laid.
Name: Max Factor St (Max Factor Sr)
Age: 65 years old
Place of Birth: Zdunskaya Volya, Russia
A place of death: Beverly Hills, USA
Activity: American businessman
Family status: was married
Max Factor - Biography
If not for him, perhaps women would still consider makeup something shameful. Fortunately, Max Factor was born - a man of incredible talent and skill.
If Maximilian Faktorovich had been born into a wealthy family, the history of makeup would have turned out differently. But he had many brothers and sisters to feed. The family lived on the territory of the then tsarist Russia, in the town of Zdunska Wola, where it was not easy to find work. However, this did not bother the boy: already at the age of seven he earned his first money.
Maximilian did not shy away from any work. At first he worked in the theater - before the performance he sold sweets in the lobby. The most striking impression of that time was the beautiful, decorated actresses who let the boy look behind the scenes. At the age of eight, he became a pharmacist's assistant. He introduced him to chemistry, which the boy was very interested in. And a year later he worked for a well-known cosmetologist. Then - at the stylist, where he was taught how to handle wigs.
The young man opened his first shop in Ryazan in 1895. Creams, wigs, perfumes were sold there - everything was made by him with his own hands. One day a famous theater troupe came to town. While the tour was going on, the actors kept running into Faktorovich's store not only for shopping, but also for advice. The news of a talented cosmetologist quickly spread, and he was invited to St. Petersburg. Work at the Opera House - what else can you dream of? But ahead of Maximilian was waiting for a much higher level. The actors, who performed in Faktorovich's make-up and wigs, pleased Nicholas II so much that he invited him to work at the court.
Faktorovich quickly realized: he was caught, albeit in a golden, but cage. They did not take their eyes off the talented cosmetologist - they were afraid that he would run away. He even had to marry in secret, and he saw the children who soon appeared only occasionally, when they were released. In addition, anti-Semitic sentiments reigned in Russia, and relatives who settled in America called to them. It was decided to use cunning.
Maximilian turned to a doctor he knew to help him imitate the disease. With the help of yellowish makeup, they achieved the result. The doctor assured everyone that the beautician needed a rest and offered to send him to Karlovy Vary. Faktorovich was released, but with guards. He later managed to escape from her and - long live freedom!
The long Jewish name was immediately abbreviated in the American manner - Max Factor. And relatives helped to open their own store in 1904 in America, in the city of St. Louis.
in 1908 Factor moved to Los Angeles with his family. The new store is located on Hollywood Boulevard. Once Max, walking, noticed a flock of girls hurrying somewhere. What caught his attention was how badly they were made up. Following them, Factor was on the set.
The make-up of those times was far from perfect. A wild mixture of flour, lard, vaseline and starch dried up on the face, and cracked with any movement of the muscles. It looked disgusting on the screen. But Max knew he could do otherwise.
In 1918, the makeup artist proposed a sensational approach: he said that when choosing cosmetics, you need to focus on the color of your hair and eyes, on the proportions of your face. Never even thought about it before!
Until the 1920s, walking around with makeup on your face was considered bad manners. It was used only by ladies of easy virtue and actresses. But the Factor understood that cosmetics make a woman more beautiful and expressive, and he really wanted the fair sex to understand this.
In 1916, his products entered the retail market. The ladies became bolder and began to buy it with pleasure.
Meanwhile, there was no end to buyers. They learned about cosmetic novelties from the movies, having seen the make-up of one or another star, and immediately ran for blush or lipstick to the Factor. Meanwhile, he continued to work for the benefit of cinema. So, in 1926, Max invented a special waterproof make-up, and two years later he created a line for black and white films. In 1929, when sound appeared in films, the requirements for filming changed. We needed a make-up that was resistant to heat - Max Factor created it too.
He was a great experimenter. For example, one day I decided to check how resistant a new lipstick is. Initially, she was tested by employees, but soon the girls got tired. And then Max came up with a "kissing machine." She represented the male and female lips, which merged in a kiss. The ladies wore lipstick. The result was determined by the number of prints, after which the lipstick was washed off.
After his father's death, his son Frank took on a pseudonym and became Max Factor Jr. He did not want the famous name to sink into oblivion.
In 1973, Max Factor Jr. sold the company to pharmaceutical giant Procter and Gannble. The reason is simple - there was no one to transfer the business to. Alas, not all descendants of the "Hollywood Wizard" turned out to be worthy successors of the family. And his great-grandson was even sentenced to a huge prison term for drug use and a series of rapes.
However, the brand is still thriving, because women all over the world want to be beautiful.
cosmetics brand Max Factor created by the famous Mr. Max Faktar, is predominantly cosmetics for professional make-up artists and stylists.
Having created many innovations such as false eyelashes and foundation for the whole face, Max Factor today, being a trendsetter in the world of beauty, provides an impeccable look for Hollywood goddesses of the past and present.
Widely known are such creations of Max Factor for movie stars as " lips - Cupid's bow», « lips - hunting bow"for Joan Crawford and of course" lips-buds", as well as the first in the world false eyelashes for Phyllis Haver, the brilliant heroine of silent cinema.
In my time Max Factor closely collaborated with Hollywood, creating not only cosmetics, but also stage makeup technologies, as well as methods and technologies for applying makeup in everyday life.
To this day, there is a constant improvement of knowledge about makeup and beauty products, which, thanks to consultants and cosmetologists of Max Factor, reaches all consumers of this brand.
The concept of beauty of the 20th century - glamor and luxury - constantly developing and improving, has attracted ordinary women from all over the world, who invariably prefer products from Max Factor.
Company Founder Max Factor cosmetics is the makeup artist Max Factor, whose real name is Maximilian Faktorovich. Max Factor was born on August 5, 1877 in Russia in the city of Lodz, but now it is the territory of Poland, which was once part of the Russian Empire.
Max Factor made up the actors of the Russian theater who spoke before Nicholas II himself. And soon the name of the great make-up artist became known to almost all people of the noble court. And he was appointed chief in the development of cosmetics at the court of the king and in the imperial theaters.
And then he almost immediately opened his own store in the city of Ryazan. Max Factor achieved the status of a cosmetics supplier for the royal family. And in 1904, he managed to emigrate to the United States of America.
In America, Max Factor also opened his own small shop selling his cosmetics, perfumes and wigs at the St. Louis World's Fair.
But soon Max Factor suffered a series of setbacks, his beloved wife died, and at the same time betrayed his best business partner.
Then in 1908 he decided to move to Los Angeles to achieve completely new heights. So he opened his new store there, where he again offered his products.
In 1914, Max Factor made his first innovative discovery. He invented a new make-up in the form of a cream, which was applied in a thin layer and did not dry out with a crust on the skin. And then the main rule of Max Factor was formed: “Make-up cannot be considered successful if it is noticeable; it's only good if the outsider can't guess that you're wearing make-up."
In the US, he achieved success fairly quickly, as he invented safe and natural cosmetics that were easy to use. His cosmetics did not cause discomfort and it was a complete novelty.
His formulas for the development of cosmetics are still used today, it is with the help of them that we have our cosmetic products today.
Such great and talented people as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Fatty Arbuckle, Jean Harlow, Betta Davis, Claudette Colbert and many other movie stars used his cosmetic products.
Soon there were color televisions, color film. Actors had to look perfect in front of the camera. And in 1928 Max Factor Together with his sons, he decided to improve the entire color range of his cosmetics. Then the stars looked perfect on the screens.
For an outstanding and significant contribution to the development of not only American, but also world cinema, Max Factor was awarded an Oscar from the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts.
Of course, success and popularity cosmetics Max Factor only grew. Already not only celebrities, but also ordinary people wanted to try this miracle cosmetics, all women wanted to look attractive and beautiful, and only high-quality cosmetics could provide them with this.
"Max Factor's name symbolizes beauty both on and off the screen, in America and in a hundred other countries of the world," the hitherto famous edition of Glamor published in the mid-30s.
Everyone around, and almost everyone knew the products of Max Factor, they called him " Dad Factor". Cosmetics spread at lightning speed. Each woman recommended Max Factor cosmetics to her friends and acquaintances, and so the chain continued.
Of course, despite their means, women put aside to buy at least something from Max Factor cosmetics, because these products were associated with the most sophisticated, elegant and beautiful women, and these are Greta Garbo, Vivien Leigh, Clara Bow, Betty Grable and so on.
Max Factor began selling his products throughout America, which are selected according to the special principle of "Color Harmony". Each customer received a questionnaire, with the help of which she could determine exactly which of the four types of "Color Harmony" her appearance belongs to - blonde, brunette, red-haired, "brown". Then, when a woman accurately determined her type, she could choose the right cosmetics for herself.
The factor invented the new term "brownette", it comes from the English word brown - brown. This term refers to a type of woman with a hair color that was then called "dark blonde", and this color was quite common among women and often found.
The store of his cosmetics, which Max Factor himself called a "shop", had to be expanded, because there was simply not enough space for products and for visitors. And in 1935, Max Factor opens his luxurious salon - "Max Factor's Hollywood Makeup Studio".
Inside this salons there were very interesting and original cabinets according to the number of variants of the “Color Harmony”. The blue office was intended for blondes, it was opened by Jean Harlow, the green office was made for redheads, it was presented by the then popular dancer Ginger Rogers, partner of Fred Astaire, the pink office was intended for brunettes, which was opened by the famous silent film actress Claudette Colbert, and for the "brownets" - a peach office, it was opened by actress Rochelle Hudson, the most favorite model of Max Factor.
Max Factor created a special invention pMax Factor called "Beauty Calibrator" - this device was put on a woman's head, set the parameters of the face and how they relate to the established standards, only after that, with the help of makeup, facial flaws were eliminated.
It was then that the cosmetic company Max Factor was formed. The motto of this company was the phrase: “Makeup for the “stars” - and for you!”, And then the phrase was reduced, and the slogan became known to everyone: “For the “stars” - and for you!”.
Max Factor even soon released his own television show, which was on the screens and enjoyed quite a lot of popularity for many years, and which was called "For the "stars" - and for you!". The legendary Frank Sinatra even took part in this program.
But at the very pinnacle of his success, Max Factor passed away in 1938. He was called the "Hollywood Wizard", the founder of the great cosmetics company Max Factor.
After Max Factor, his own son Frank Factor became the head of the Max Factor cosmetics company, who, after receiving the position, changed his name and became known as Max Factor Jr.
In 1946, Max Factor Jr. acquired a patent for a new make-up formula for television, which his father had been developing since 1932.
The developers of Max Factor cosmetics created and invented indelible make-up for filming underwater, waterproof mascara, cosmetics for body-paint - body painting and so on. But back in the distant 30s, Max Factor made up a naked dancer. It was many years before the famous photograph of Demi Moore appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair.
In 1973, the Max Factor cosmetics company underwent a transformation. The last president, who directly belonged to the Factor family, died. The original recipes, methods, and technologies for the development of Max Factor cosmetics were transferred to the UK Cosmetics Consultant, Miss Eve GardnerMax Factor
In 1991 brand of cosmetics Max Factor Limited was acquired by the company Procter & Gamble.
The Max Factor cosmetics company has been around for over 80 years. To date, Max Factor cosmetics are very popular in all countries of the world, and the company continues to be a leader among other cosmetic manufacturers.
On August 30, 1938, the world-famous American businessman and founder of the Max Factor company, Max Factor, born Maximilian Faktorovich, died in Beverly Hills. The cause of death was a long-term illness of a beautician.
Max Factor was born on August 5, 1877 in the Polish city of Lodz, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire. The family lived in poverty, and already at the age of eight, young Maximilian was forced to earn extra money as an assistant pharmacist. He later became an apprentice beautician and studied with the leading barbers of the empire.
He served in the army until the age of 22, after which he got married and settled in Ryazan, where he opened his first store. In 1904, the young family was forced to leave Russia due to increased anti-Jewish sentiment in society and emigrate to the United States.
It was in the states that Maximilian Faktorovich changed his name to the more American Max Factor. In St. Louis, he opened a new business and never returned to his homeland.\
In 1906 his first wife died. After Factor married two more times. In 1912, he received an American citizenship and moved to Los Angeles, because he saw great job opportunities in the film industry that was gaining popularity.
While working in Hollywood, Factor experimented extensively with make-up and make-up, which led him to invent a new make-up in the form of cream in 1914. Career skyrocketed. Leading directors tried to get his products for their films. The main motto of the Factor was that any girl with the help of Max Factor cosmetics can look like a movie star.
In 1938, the businessman traveled around Europe with his son. During his stay in Paris, he received a note demanding that he pay a certain amount of money in exchange for his own life. Although this incident did not continue, it is quite possible that Factor's health deteriorated because of it, and he became seriously ill. The famous cosmetologist in Beverly Hills died on August 30, 1938 at the age of 61.
Until now, Max Factor is considered the "father of modern cosmetics." There is a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in his honor.
2015 marks the 120 years from the very day that Max Factor, a native of the then Russian city of Lodz, opened his first perfume shop in Ryazan. By that time, his name was already known at the court of Nicholas II: for 9 years, Factor worked as a cosmetics expert in imperial theaters and advised royal persons on relevant issues. By the time he opened his first store, the experienced specialist was 23 years old...
Thus began the legendary history of the company, which for many years has been a truly global cosmetic empire.
In 1904 Max Factor moved to America, where he first opened a small shop of perfumes, cosmetics and wigs in St. Louis, and in 1908 he moved to Los Angeles, where in those years there was a rapid development and formation of a young film business. There, he opens his new store near the film studios, and soon becomes the main consultant for actresses who come to him in between filming for advice on what makeup is best to use in front of the camera.
The usual theatrical make-up was not suitable for cinema, and in 1914 Max Factor makes his first famous discovery - he invents makeup in the form of a cream., which was applied to the skin in a thin layer and did not dry out on the skin, unlike ordinary makeup.
In parallel with the development of the film industry, the emergence of new technologies, the business of Max Factor also developed. More and more new cosmetics appeared, in 1918 he formulated an idea that always remains relevant in the art of makeup artists - idea of "Color Harmony". Its essence is this: certain combinations of skin tone, hair color and eyes look much more effective if all cosmetics match them in shades.
The main successes in the creation of a full range of cosmetics for filming on color film were yet to come, but even then an invaluable contribution "Hollywood Wizard", as Max was admiringly called, was evaluated by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and he was awarded "Oscar".
However, Max Factor worked not only for film stars.: His main principle was that all women are beautiful and all of them deserve to look, or at least feel like queens. For millions of ordinary customers, he discovered the secrets of the beauty of their idols and made it possible to look like Rita Hayward or Ginger Rogers real. By the way, movie stars used the "Papa Factor" makeup not only in front of the camera, but also in everyday life.
The most famous example of the art of image creation is Max Factor's transformation of young actress Jean Harlow. the world's first platinum blonde.
Jean Harlow soared to the very top of the Cinema Olympus, and thousands of women began to actively recolor their hair and copy her appearance, using a range of cosmetics for platinum blondes, specially created by an outstanding master.
In 1935 Factor opened his "Max Factor's Hollywood Makeup Studio". Its opening ceremony is still considered one of the most famous parties in the history of the Dream Factory.
In 1938, at the height of his success and fame, Max Factor died.
His father's place was taken by his son Frank, an excellent chemist who took the name Max Factor Jr., and with honor continued the work of his glorious parent. Over the years of existence MAX FACTOR & Co has grown into a cosmetics empire whose products are still preferred by millions of women around the world. Many times the images created by the company's specialists have left the covers of glossy magazines and become standards of style and beauty.
The best makeup artists in Hollywood and show business and today they traditionally use cosmetics from MAX FACTOR. Sara Monzani, Tina Earnshaw, Louise Konstad- the names leave no doubt about the professionalism of these specialists.
Audrey Hepburn and Elizabeth Taylor, Twiggy and Sophia Loren, Marilyn Monroe and Catherine Deneuve, Isabella Rossellini and Michelle Pfeiffer and many, many others, so different, but truly the most beautiful women of the 20th century became symbols of their time and standards of beauty, thanks also to that familiar marvelous eyes and plump lips, the arch of eyebrows and a gentle blush were emphasized and indicated by barely noticeable strokes with the help of eye shadow and mascara, lipstick and powder of the same brand - MAX FACTOR.
Today, the Max Factor brand has changed, stepped into the 21st century under the new motto of fashion, beauty and glamour. For several years in a row, makeup from Max Factor graced the main catwalks in Milan and Paris, which allowed the brand to receive status as official high fashion cosmetics.
The creative director of P&G Corporation is an English make-up artist - Pat Mangraft, today - the most influential person in the fashion industry. She oversees many of the companies under the wing of this company. Knowing well all aspects of the work of a makeup artist, she advises the production company.
Pat has been with the Max Factor brand for several years, where she serves as International Director of Creative Cosmetic Design, is involved in the development of designs, new products and technologies, and leads the creation of color trend collections from Max Factor.
Since 2008 the official makeup artist of Max Factor in Russia is Vladimir Kalinchev- one of the most famous and outstanding makeup artists in Russia. A freelancer and freelance artist, he takes part and wins many championships, trains young makeup artists, works at High Fashion Week and collaborates with the most popular glossy magazines in Russia - Elle, Vogue, Elle Lux, Yes, Harper's Bazaar, GQ.
Today Vladimir Kalinchev is top stylist of the most rated projects of Channel One- "Two Stars", "Star Factory", "Circus with Stars", "Ice Age", "Ice and Fire", where he works with such brilliant stars as Philip Kirkorov, Jasmine, Elena Korikova, Chulpan Khamatova, Mikhail Galustyan , Igor Vernik, Daria Poverennova, Victoria Daineko, and many others. And his face is probably familiar to you.
