Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a famous realist writer, whose works resonated in the hearts of readers. His work was distinguished by the fact that he sought not only to reflect events in fact correctly, but most of all in that Kuprin was interested in the inner world of a person much more than just a reliable description. Below will be described a brief biography of Kuprin: childhood, adolescence, creative activity.
Kuprin's childhood could not be called carefree. The writer was born on August 26, 1870 in the Penza province. Kuprin's parents were: a hereditary nobleman I. I. Kuprin, who held the position of an official, and L. A. Kulunchakova, who came from a family of Tatar princes. The writer was always proud of his mother's origin, and Tatar features were visible in his appearance.
A year later, Alexander Ivanovich's father died, and the writer's mother was left with two daughters and a young son in her arms without any financial support. Then the proud Lyubov Alekseevna had to humiliate herself in front of the highest officials in order to place her daughters in a government boarding school. She herself, taking her son with her, moved to Moscow and got a job at the Widow's House, in which the future writer lived with her for two years.
Later he was enrolled at the state account of the Moscow Board of Trustees in an orphan school. Kuprin's childhood there was bleak, full of grief and thoughts about the fact that in a person they are trying to suppress a sense of his own dignity. After this school, Alexander entered the military gymnasium, later transformed into a cadet corps. These were the prerequisites for the formation of an officer's career.
Kuprin's childhood was not easy, and studying in the cadet corps was also not easy. But it was then that he first had a desire to engage in literature and he began to write the first poems. Of course, the strict living conditions of the cadets, the military drill tempered the character of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, strengthened his will. Later, his memories of childhood and youth will be reflected in the works "Cadets", "Brave Runaways", "Junkers". After all, it was not in vain that the writer always emphasized that his creations are largely autobiographical.
Kuprin's military youth began with his admission to the Moscow Alexander Military School, after which he received the rank of second lieutenant. Then he went to serve in an infantry regiment and visited small provincial towns. Kuprin not only performed his official duties, but also studied all aspects of army life. Constant drill, injustice, cruelty - all this was reflected in his stories, such as, for example, "The Lilac Bush", "The Campaign", the story "The Last Duel", thanks to which he gained all-Russian fame.
His entry into the ranks of writers dates back to 1889, when his story "The Last Debut" was published. Later, Kuprin said that when he left military service, the most difficult thing for him was that he did not have any knowledge. Therefore, Alexander Ivanovich began to thoroughly study life and read books.
The future famous Russian writer Kuprin began to travel all over the country and tried himself in many professions. But he did this, not because he could not decide on a further type of activity, but because he was interested in it. Kuprin wanted to thoroughly study the life and life of people, their characters, in order to reflect these observations in his stories.
In addition to the fact that the writer studied life, he took his first steps in the literary field - he published articles, wrote feuilletons, and essays. A significant event in his life was cooperation with the authoritative magazine "Russian wealth". It was in it that in the period from 1893 to 1895 "In the dark", "Inquiry" were printed. In the same period, Kuprin met I. A. Bunin, A. P. Chekhov and M. Gorky.
In 1896, Kuprin's first book was published - "Kyiv types", a collection of his essays and the story "Moloch" was published. A year later, a collection of short stories "Miniatures" was published, which Kuprin presented to Chekhov.
Kuprin's stories differed in that the central place here was given not to politics, but to the emotional experiences of the characters. But this does not mean that the writer was not concerned about the plight of the common population. The story "Moloch", which brought fame to the young writer, tells about the difficult, even disastrous, working conditions for the workers of a large steel plant.
The work received such a name for a reason: the writer compares this enterprise with the pagan god, Moloch, who requires constant human sacrifice. The aggravation of the social conflict (the revolt of the workers against the authorities) was not the main thing in the work. Kuprin was more interested in how the modern bourgeoisie can adversely affect a person. Already in this work one can notice the writer's interest in the personality of a person, his experiences, reflections. Kuprin wanted to show the reader what a person who is faced with social injustice feels.
No less works have been written about love. In the work of Kuprin, love occupied a special place. He always wrote about her touchingly, reverently. His heroes are people who are able to experience, to experience sincere feelings. One of these stories is Olesya, written in 1898.
All created images have a poetic character, especially the image of the main character Olesya. The work tells about the tragic love between a girl and the narrator, Ivan Timofeevich, an aspiring writer. He came to the wilderness, to Polissya, to get acquainted with the way of life of the inhabitants unknown to him, their legends and traditions.
Olesya turned out to be a Polesie witch, but she has nothing to do with the usual image of such women. She combines beauty with inner strength, nobility, a little naivety, but at the same time, she feels a strong will and a little dominance. And her fortune-telling is not connected with cards or other forces, but with the fact that she immediately recognizes the character of Ivan Timofeevich.
The love between the characters is sincere, all-consuming, noble. After all, Olesya does not agree to marry him, because she considers herself no match for him. The story ends sadly: Ivan did not manage to see Olesya a second time, and he only had red beads as a memory of her. And all other works on a love theme are distinguished by the same purity, sincerity and nobility.
The work that brought fame to the writer and occupied an important place in the work of Kuprin was "Duel". It was published in May 1905, already at the end of the Russo-Japanese War. A.I. Kuprin wrote the whole truth of army morals using the example of one regiment located in a provincial town. The central theme of the work is the formation of the personality, its spiritual awakening on the example of the hero Romashov.
"Duel" can also be explained as a personal battle between the writer and the stupefying everyday life of the tsarist army, which destroys all that is best in a person. This work has become one of the most famous, despite the fact that the ending is tragic. The ending of the work reflects the realities that existed at that time in the tsarist army.
In the stories, Kuprin appears as a connoisseur of psychological analysis precisely because he always sought to understand what drives a person, what feelings control him. In 1905, the writer went to Balaklava and from there traveled to Sevastopol to take notes on the events that took place on the rebel cruiser Ochakov.
After the publication of his essay "Events in Sevastopol", he was expelled from the city and forbidden to come there. During his stay there, Kuprin creates the story "Listriginov", where the main characters are simple fishermen. The writer describes their hard work, character, which were congenial to the writer himself.
In the story "Staff Captain Rybnikov" the psychological talent of the writer is fully revealed. The journalist is engaged in a covert fight with a secret agent of Japanese intelligence. And not for the purpose of exposing him, but in order to understand what a person feels, what drives him, what kind of internal struggle is going on in him. This story was highly appreciated by readers and critics.
A special place was occupied in the work of writers of works on a love theme. But this feeling was not passionate and all-consuming, rather, he described love, selfless, selfless, faithful. Among the most famous works are "Shulamith" and "Garnet Bracelet".
It is this kind of selfless, perhaps even sacrificial love that is perceived by the heroes as the highest happiness. That is, the spiritual strength of a person lies in the fact that you need to be able to put the happiness of another person above your own well-being. Only such love can bring true joy and interest in life.
A.I. Kuprin was married twice. His first wife was Maria Davydova, the daughter of a famous cellist. But the marriage lasted only 5 years, but during this time their daughter Lydia was born. Kuprin's second wife was Elizaveta Moritsovna-Heinrich, with whom he married in 1909, although before this event they had lived together for two years. They had two girls - Ksenia (in the future - a famous model and artist) and Zinaida (who died at the age of three.) The wife survived Kuprin for 4 years and committed suicide during the blockade of Leningrad.
The writer took part in the war of 1914, but due to illness he had to return to Gatchina, where he made an infirmary for wounded soldiers from his house. Kuprin was waiting for the February Revolution, but, like most, he did not accept the methods that the Bolsheviks used to assert their power.
After the White Army was defeated, the Kuprin family went to Estonia, then to Finland. In 1920 he came to Paris at the invitation of I. A. Bunin. The years spent in exile were fruitful. His works were popular with the public. But, despite this, Kuprin yearned for Russia more and more, and in 1936 the writer decides to return to his homeland.
Just as Kuprin's childhood was not easy, so the last years of his life were not easy. His return to the USSR in 1937 made a lot of noise. On May 31, 1937, he was met by a solemn procession, which included famous writers and admirers of his work. Already at that time, Kuprin had serious health problems, but he hoped that in his homeland he would be able to restore his strength and continue to engage in literary activities. But on August 25, 1938, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin passed away.
AI Kuprin was not just a writer who told about various events. He studied human nature, sought to know the character of every person he met. Therefore, reading his stories, readers empathize with the characters, sad and rejoice with them. Creativity A.I. Kuprin occupies a special place in Russian literature.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is one of the most famous classics of Russian literature, working as a translator. The most outstanding works of the writer are such works as "Junkers", "Duel", "Pit" and "Garnet Bracelet".
The birthplace of Alexander Kuprin is the county city of Narovchat. Childhood and youthful years of the future writer were held in Moscow. This was due to the fact that the father of the classic died at the age of one year of his son. He was a nobleman who chose Lyubov Alekseevna, a noble Tatar by birth, as his wife.
After the death of her husband, she decided to move to a larger city, since in this case he would have more opportunities to provide a proper education for her first child.
At the age of 6, Alexander was assigned to a boarding house who worked on the principle of a boarding school. At the age of 10, Kuprin enters a cadet school, after which he goes to serve in the army. After graduation, Nikolai falls into the infantry regiment of the Dnieper.
At 24 Kuprin resigned. After that, he began to travel to different cities in search of work. This was due to the fact that the future writer did not have a civilian profession.
He managed to get a permanent position only after meeting Bunin, who helped him arrange "A Magazine for Everyone". After some time, Nikolai Nikolaevich moved to Gatchina. It was here that he ran the hospital during the war.
Kuprin took the news of the abdication of Nicholas II quite positively. When Vladimir Lenin came to power, the writer personally approached him about the possibility of publishing the Zemlya newspaper, whose potential readers were rural residents. After some time, noticing the first signs of dictatorship in the country, Kuprin was completely disappointed with the Bolshevik regime.
Nikolai Nikolaevich was the author of the derogatory name for the Soviet Union, which is still used today. This is about the term "Sovdepiya". When the Civil War began, Kuprin joined the White Army. As soon as she suffered a massive defeat, the writer left the country, emigrated to Finland, and then to France.
At the end of the 30s of the last century, Kuprin could not support his family abroad as a result of which he began to drink alcohol more and more. The only way out of this situation is to move to Russia. This decision of the writer was supported by Stalin himself.
Kuprin made his first attempts at writing poetry in the senior courses of the cadet corps. Poetry of Nikolai Nikolaevich never published during his lifetime. His first published work was a story called "The Last Debut". For several years, the writer published his novels and military stories in magazines.
In the early creative activity of Kuprin army theme was one of the key Subsequently, he often returned to her. This is evidenced by such works of the writer as "Junkers", "At the Break" and "The Cadets".
The classical period of Kuprin's work dates back to the 20s of the last century. The most popular story of the writer was the story "Duel". In addition to her, readers well received the following works:
Kuprin's story "The Pit" gained considerable resonance. He was dedicated life of Russian prostitutes in the early twentieth century. Many criticized this work of the writer, calling it overly realistic and naturalistic. As a result, the publication was even withdrawn from print. The reason for this was the pornographic nature of what was written.
While in exile, Kuprin created a fairly large number of works, almost all of which had considerable popularity among readers.
The first wife of Nicolas Kuprin was called Maria Davydova. They were married for only 5 years, during which a daughter named Lydia was born. At the age of 21, she died immediately after giving birth to her own son.
The wedding with the second wife of Nikolai Kuprin took place in 1901. His chosen one was Elizabeth Heinrich. In this marriage, the writer had 2 daughters. One of them died in childhood from lung problems. The other became an actress and model.
The writer's wife lived 4 years longer than her own husband. She is committed suicide staying during the Second World War in Leningrad.
The only grandson of Nikolai Kuprin was seriously injured while performing combat missions. As a result, there are currently no direct descendants of the writer.
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 - 1938) - Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story "Moloch" (1896), in which industrialization appears in the form of a monster plant that enslaves a person morally and physically, the story "Duel" (1905) - about the death of a mentally pure hero in the deadly atmosphere of army life and the story "The Pit" (1909 - 15) - about prostitution. The variety of finely defined types, lyrical situations in the novels and stories "Olesya" (1898), "Gambrinus" (1907), "Garnet Bracelet" (1911). Cycles of essays ("Listrigons", 1907 - 11). In 1919 - 37 in exile, in 1937 he returned to his homeland. Autobiographical novel "Junker" (1928 - 32).
Big encyclopedic dictionary, M.-SPb., 1998
Biography
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870), prose writer.
Born on August 26 (September 7, NS) in the city of Narovchat, Penza province, in the family of a petty official who died a year after the birth of his son. Mother (from the ancient family of the Tatar princes Kulanchakov) after the death of her husband moved to Moscow, where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (orphan), from where he left in 1880. In the same year he entered the Moscow Military Academy, transformed into the Cadet Corps.
After the end of the exercise, he continued his military education at the Alexander Cadet School (1888 - 90). Subsequently, he will describe his "military youth" in the stories "At the Turning Point (Cadets)" and in the novel "Junkers". Even then, he dreamed of becoming a "poet or novelist."
Kuprin's first literary experience was poetry, which remained unpublished. The first work that saw the light was the story "The Last Debut" (1889).
In 1890, after graduating from a military school, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was enrolled in an infantry regiment stationed in the Podolsk province. The life of an officer, which he led for four years, provided rich material for his future works. In 1893 - 1894 in the St. Petersburg magazine "Russian wealth" his story "In the Dark" and the stories "Moonlight Night" and "Inquiry" were published. A series of stories is dedicated to the life of the Russian army: "Overnight" (1897), "Night Shift" (1899), "Campaign". In 1894 Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, having no civilian profession and little life experience. In the following years, he traveled a lot around Russia, having tried many professions, eagerly absorbing life experiences that became the basis of his future works. In the 1890s he published the essay "Yuzovsky Plant" and the story "Moloch", the stories "Forest Wilderness", "The Werewolf", the stories "Olesya" and "Kat" ("Army Ensign"). During these years, Kuprin met Bunin, Chekhov and Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg, began working on the Journal for Everyone, married M. Davydova, and had a daughter, Lydia. Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: "Swamp" (1902); Horse Thieves (1903); "White Poodle" (1904). In 1905, his most significant work, the story "The Duel", was published, which was a great success. The writer's speeches with the reading of individual chapters of the "Duel" became an event in the cultural life of the capital. His works of this time were very well-behaved: the essay "Events in Sevastopol" (1905), the stories "Staff Captain Rybnikov" (1906), "The River of Life", "Gambrinus" (1907). In 1907 he married a second marriage to sister of mercy E. Heinrich, daughter Ksenia was born. Kuprin's work in the years between the two revolutions resisted the decadent moods of those years: the cycle of essays "Listrigons" (1907 - 11), stories about animals, the stories "Shulamith", "Garnet Bracelet" (1911). His prose became a prominent phenomenon in Russian literature at the beginning of the century. After the October Revolution, the writer did not accept the policy of war communism, the "Red Terror", he experienced fear for the fate of Russian culture. In 1918 he came to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - "Earth". At one time he worked in the publishing house "World Literature", founded by Gorky. In the autumn of 1919, while in Gatchina, cut off from Petrograd by Yudenich's troops, he emigrated abroad. The seventeen years that the writer spent in Paris were an unproductive period. Constant material need, homesickness led him to the decision to return to Russia. In the spring of 1937, the seriously ill Kuprin returned to his homeland, warmly welcomed by his admirers. Published an essay "Moscow dear". However, new creative plans were not destined to come true. In August 1938 Kuprin died in Leningrad from cancer.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870-1938) is a famous Russian writer. His father, a small official, died a year after the birth of his son. Mother, originally from the Tatar princes Kulanchakov, after the death of her husband moved to the capital of Russia, where Kuprin spent his childhood and youth. At the age of 6, Alexander was sent to an orphanage, where he stayed until 1880. And immediately after leaving, he entered the Moscow Military Academy.
After - he studied at the Alexander School (1888-90). In 1889, his first work, The Last Debut, saw the light of day. In 1890, Kuprin was assigned to an infantry regiment in the Podolsk province, where life became the basis of his many works.
In 1894 the writer retired and moved to Kyiv. The following years were devoted to the wanderings of Russia.
In 1890, he presented readers with many publications - Moloch, Yuzovsky Plant, Werewolf, Olesya, Kat.
In 1901, Kuprin moved to St. Petersburg and worked as the secretary of the Journal for All. In the same year, he marries Davydova M. and life gives him a daughter.
Two years later, Kuprin marries a second time. His chosen one is sister of mercy E. Heinrich, who gave birth to the writer's daughter.
In 1918, Kuprin comes to Lenin and offers to publish a newspaper for villagers - "Earth". In 1919 the author emigrated abroad. But the period when he stayed in Paris - 17 years - was unproductive. The reason for this is the material side, longing for the homeland. And as a result - the decision to return to Russia.
Already in 1937, Kuprin returned to Russia, published the essay "Moscow dear". Death from cancer overtakes the author in 1938.
Biography of A.I. Kuprin |
Russian writer, translator
Alexander Kuprin
Born on September 7, 1870 in the county town of Narovchat (now the Penza region) in the family of an official, hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin (1834-1871), who died a year after the birth of his son. Mother - Lyubov Alekseevna (1838-1910), nee Kulunchakova, came from a family of Tatar princes (a noblewoman, she did not have a princely title). After the death of her husband, she moved to Moscow, where the early years and adolescence of the future writer passed. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumov School, from where he left in 1880. In the same year he entered the Second Moscow Military Gymnasium.
In 1887 he was enrolled in the Alexander Military School. Subsequently, he will describe his military youth in the stories "At the Turning Point (Cadets)" and in the novel "Junkers".
Kuprin's first literary experience was poetry, which remained unpublished. The first printed work is the story "The Last Debut" (1889).
In 1890, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was released into the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment, stationed in the Podolsk province, in Proskurov. He served as an officer for four years, military service gave him rich material for future works.
In 1893-1894, his story "In the Dark", the stories "Moonlight Night" and "Inquiry" were published in the St. Petersburg magazine "Russian Wealth". On the army theme, Kuprin has several stories: "Overnight" (1897), "Night Shift" (1899), "Campaign".
In 1894, Lieutenant Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, having no civilian profession. In the following years, he traveled a lot around Russia, having tried many professions, eagerly absorbing life experiences that became the basis of his future works.
During these years, Kuprin met I. A. Bunin, A. P. Chekhov and M. Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg, began working as a secretary for the Journal for All. Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: "Swamp" (1902), "Horse thieves" (1903), "White Poodle" (1903).
In 1905, his most significant work, the story "Duel", was published, which was a great success. The writer's speeches with the reading of individual chapters of the "Duel" became an event in the cultural life of the capital. His other works of this time: the stories "Staff Captain Rybnikov" (1906), "The River of Life", "Gambrinus" (1907), the essay "Events in Sevastopol" (1905). In 1906 he was a candidate for deputies of the State Duma of the first convocation from the St. Petersburg province.
In the years between the two revolutions, Kuprin published a series of essays "Listrigons" (1907-1911), the stories "Shulamith" (1908), "Garnet Bracelet" (1911) and others, the story "Liquid Sun" (1912). His prose became a prominent phenomenon in Russian literature. In 1911 he settled with his family in Gatchina.
After the outbreak of the First World War, he opened a military hospital in his house and campaigned in the newspapers of citizens to take military loans. In November 1914, he was mobilized and sent to the militia in Finland as the commander of an infantry company. Demobilized in July 1915 for health reasons.
In 1915, Kuprin completed work on the story "The Pit", in which he tells about the life of prostitutes in brothels. The story was condemned for excessive naturalism. Nuravkin's publishing house, which published the Pit in the German edition, was brought to justice by the prosecutor's office "for the distribution of pornographic publications."
Kuprin met the abdication of Nicholas II in Helsingfors, where he was undergoing treatment, and accepted it with enthusiasm. After returning to Gatchina, he worked as an editor of the newspapers Svobodnaya Rossiya, Volnost, Petrogradsky Leaf, and sympathized with the Social Revolutionaries.
In 1917, he completed work on the story "The Star of Solomon", in which, having creatively reworked the classic story about Faust and Mephistopheles, he raised questions about free will and the role of chance in human destiny.
After the October Revolution, the writer did not accept the policy of war communism and the terror associated with it, Kuprin emigrated to France. He worked in the publishing house "World Literature", founded by M. Gorky. At the same time, he translated F. Schiller's drama Don Carlos. In July 1918, after the murder of Volodarsky, he was arrested, spent three days in prison, was released and put on the list of hostages.
In December 1918, he had a personal meeting with V. I. Lenin on the organization of a new newspaper for the peasants, Zemlya, who approved the idea, but the project was “hacked to death” by the chairman of the Moscow Council, L. B. Kamenev.
On October 16, 1919, with the arrival of the Whites in Gatchina, he entered the rank of lieutenant in the North-Western Army, was appointed editor of the army newspaper "Prinevsky Territory", which was headed by General P. N. Krasnov.
After the defeat of the Northwestern Army, he was in Revel, from December 1919 - in Helsingfors, from July 1920 - in Paris.
In 1937, at the invitation of the USSR government, Kuprin returned to his homeland. Kuprin's return to the Soviet Union was preceded by an appeal by the Plenipotentiary of the USSR in France, V.P. Potemkin, on August 7, 1936, with a corresponding proposal to I.V. Stalin (who gave a preliminary "go-ahead"), and on October 12, 1936, with a letter to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs N.I. Ezhov. Yezhov sent Potemkin's note to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which on October 23, 1936 decided: "to allow the writer A. I. Kuprin to enter the USSR" (voted "for" I. V. Stalin, V. M. Molotov, V. Ya. Chubar and A. A. Andreev; K. E. Voroshilov abstained).
Soviet propaganda tried to create an image of a repentant writer who returned to sing about a happy life in the USSR. According to L. Rasskazova, in all the memos of Soviet officials it is recorded that Kuprin is weak, sick, unable to work and unable to write anything. Presumably, the article “Moscow dear” published in June 1937 in the Izvestia newspaper signed by Kuprin was actually written by the journalist N.K. Verzhbitsky assigned to Kuprin. An interview was also published with Kuprin's wife Elizaveta Moritsevna, who said that the writer was delighted with everything he saw and heard in socialist Moscow.
Kuprin died on the night of August 25, 1938 from cancer of the esophagus. He was buried in Leningrad on the Literary bridges of the Volkovsky cemetery next to the grave of I. S. Turgenev.
Objects associated with the name of A. I. Kuprin in Narovchat
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a famous writer, a classic of Russian literature, whose most significant works are "Junkers", "Duel", "Pit", "Garnet Bracelet" and "White Poodle". Kuprin's short stories about Russian life, emigration, and animals are also considered high art.
Alexander was born in the county town of Narovchat, which is located in the Penza region. But the childhood and youth of the writer were spent in Moscow. The fact is that Kuprin's father, a hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich, died a year after his birth. Mother Lyubov Alekseevna, also coming from a noble family, had to move to a large city, where it was much easier for her to give her son upbringing and education.
Already at the age of 6, Kuprin was assigned to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school, which operated on the principle of an orphanage. After 4 years, Alexander was transferred to the Second Moscow Cadet Corps, after which the young man enters the Alexander Military School. Kuprin graduated with the rank of second lieutenant and served exactly 4 years in the Dnieper Infantry Regiment.
After the resignation, the 24-year-old young man leaves for Kyiv, then to Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities of the Russian Empire. The problem was that Alexander did not have any civilian specialty. Only after meeting him does he manage to find a permanent job: Kuprin goes to St. Petersburg and gets a job at the Magazine for Everyone. Later, he will settle down in Gatchina, where during the First World War he will maintain a military hospital at his own expense.
Alexander Kuprin enthusiastically accepted the renunciation of the power of the tsar. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks, he even personally approached him with a proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village, Zemlya. But soon, seeing that the new government was imposing a dictatorship on the country, he was completely disappointed in it.
It is Kuprin who owns the derogatory name of the Soviet Union - "Sovdepiya", which will firmly enter the jargon. During the Civil War, he volunteered to join the White Army, and after a major defeat, he went abroad - first to Finland, and then to France.
By the beginning of the 30s, Kuprin was mired in debt and could not provide his family with even the most necessary things. In addition, the writer did not find anything better than to look for a way out of a difficult situation in a bottle. As a result, the only solution was to return to his homeland, which he personally supported in 1937.
Alexander Kuprin began to write in the last years of the cadet corps, and the first attempts at writing were in the poetic genre. Unfortunately, the writer never published his poetry. And his first published story was "The Last Debut". Later, his story "In the Dark" and a number of stories on military topics were published in magazines.
In general, Kuprin devotes a lot of space to the topic of the army, especially in his early work. Suffice it to recall his famous autobiographical novel The Junkers and the story that preceded it, At the Turning Point, also published as The Cadets.
The dawn of Alexander Ivanovich as a writer came at the beginning of the 20th century. The story “White Poodle”, which later became a classic of children's literature, memories of a trip to Odessa “Gambrinus”, and, probably, his most popular work, the story “Duel”, were published. At the same time, such creations as "Liquid Sun", "Garnet Bracelet", stories about animals saw the light of day.
Separately, it must be said about one of the most scandalous works of Russian literature of that period - the story "The Pit" about the life and fate of Russian prostitutes. The book was mercilessly criticized, paradoxically, for "excessive naturalism and realism." The first edition of The Pit was withdrawn from print as pornographic.
In exile, Alexander Kuprin wrote a lot, almost all of his works were popular with readers. In France, he created four major works - "The Dome of St. Isaac of Dalmatia", "Wheel of Time", "Junker" and "Janet", as well as a large number of short stories, including the philosophical parable about beauty "Blue Star".
The first wife of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was the young Maria Davydova, daughter of the famous cellist Karl Davydov. The marriage lasted only five years, but during this time the couple had a daughter, Lydia. The fate of this girl was tragic - she died shortly after giving birth to her son at the age of 21.
The writer married his second wife Elizaveta Moritsovna Heinrich in 1909, although they had lived together for two years by that time. They had two daughters - Ksenia, who later became an actress and model, and Zinaida, who died at the age of three from a complex form of pneumonia. The wife survived Alexander Ivanovich for 4 years. She committed suicide during the blockade of Leningrad, unable to withstand the constant bombing and endless hunger.
Since the only grandson of Kuprin, Alexei Yegorov, died due to injuries received during the Second World War, the family of the famous writer was interrupted, and today his direct descendants do not exist.
Alexander Kuprin returned to Russia already in bad health. He was addicted to alcohol, plus the elderly man was rapidly losing his sight. The writer hoped that he would be able to return to work in his homeland, but his state of health did not allow this.
A year later, while watching a military parade on Red Square, Alexander Ivanovich caught pneumonia, which was also aggravated by esophageal cancer. On August 25, 1938, the heart of the famous writer stopped forever.
Kuprin's grave is located on the Literary bridges of the Volkovsky cemetery, not far from the burial place of another Russian classic -.
