Of all the representatives of the Viennese classical school, Mozart is the most unique. His talent manifested itself in early childhood and developed until his unexpected death. The Austrian composer created more than 600 works, played virtuoso, worked in various musical forms. His ability to play since the age of four and his early death have become the subject of much controversy and overgrown with myths. Mozart's biography, a summary of whose life and work is divided into sections, is presented in the article.
He was born on 01/27/1756 in the family of the violinist and composer Leopold Mozart. His hometown was Salzburg, where his parents were considered the most beautiful married couple. Mother, Anna Maria Mozart, gave birth to seven children, of whom two survived - daughter Maria Anna and Wolfgang.
The ability for music manifested itself in a boy from the age of three. He loved to play the harpsichord and could pick up harmonies for a long time. The father began to study with the boy from the age of four, because he had a pronounced ability to memorize the melodies he heard and play them on the harpsichord. This is how Mozart's musical biography began, which is difficult to write about briefly, it is so rich in events.
By the age of five, Mozart could compose short pieces. Their father wrote them down on paper, putting the date of creation in the margins. In addition to the harpsichord, Wolfgang learned to play the violin. The only instrument that terrified the young musician was the trumpet. He could not listen to her sound without the accompaniment of other instruments.
Not only Wolfgang was a virtuoso in the Mozart family. His sister was no less talented. They gave the first concerts together and delighted the audience. In Vienna, they were introduced to Empress Maria Theresa, who listened to their concert for several hours.
With his father, they traveled around Europe, giving concerts to noble nobles. Only for a short time did they return home.
After a misunderstanding with his employer, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Amadeus Mozart, whose brief biography is presented in this article, decides to change his life and goes to Vienna. He arrived in the city on 03/16/1781. The time was chosen unsuccessfully to start a career in Vienna. Most of the aristocrats went out of town for the summer, and there were practically no concerts.
Mozart hoped to become a teacher to Princess Elisabeth, who was educated by Joseph II. But all attempts ended in failure. Instead, Joseph II chose Salieri and Zummer. However, Wolfgang had enough students, albeit less noble ones. One of them was Teresa von Trattner, who is considered his lover. The composer dedicated to her a sonata in C minor and a fantasy in C minor.
After long expectations and obstacles, Mozart married Constance Weber. They had six children, but only two of them survived. It was the connection with Constance that spoiled the musician's relationship with his father, whom he loved from birth. Mozart's biography, summarized, is impossible without a version of his death.
In 1791, Mozart was commissioned to "Requiem", which he did not have a chance to complete. This was done by his student Franz Xaver Süsmeier. In November, the composer became very ill, he could not walk, he needed the help of doctors.
They stated that he had an acute millet fever. Many inhabitants of Vienna died from it at that time. The disease was complicated by a general weakening of the body.
By December 4, the composer's condition became critical. Mozart died on December 5th. The (short) biography of the composer, who left many wonderful works to posterity, ends here.
The funeral took place on December 6, 1791 in the presence of only close friends. Then his body was taken to the cemetery for burial. Where it is located is unknown, but presumably a monument to the "Weeping Angel" was erected in that place over time.
Many works describe the myth of Wolfgang's poisoning by his friend and famous composer Salieri. Some musicologists still support this version of death. However, there is no conclusive evidence. At the end of the last century, in the Palace of Justice (Milan), Antonio Salieri was acquitted on charges of murdering Wolfgang Mozart.
Mozart's works combine strict and clear forms with deep emotionality. His works are poetic and carry a subtle grace, while they are not without masculinity, drama, contrast.
He is known for his reformist approach to opera. It is their novelty that captivates both the opera and Mozart's biography, a summary of which begins at the age of three. There are no clearly defined negative or positive characters in his works. Their characters are multifaceted. The most famous operas:
In symphonic music, Mozart (a biography, brief but informative, certainly allowed you to learn a lot about this composer) distinguished himself by the presence of melodiousness in operatic arias and the dramatic nature of conflicts. Symphonies numbered 39, 40, 41 are considered popular.
According to the thematic catalog of Kechel, Mozart created:
Most of all, the composer liked to be in a cheerful society. He gladly attended balls, masquerades, hosted receptions. He often danced at balls.
Like his other peers, Wolfgang Mozart, whose brief biography we have described, played billiards well. At home, he had his own table, which was a special luxury at that time. He often played with friends and his wife.
As pets, he liked canaries and starlings, which he willingly kept. In addition, he had dogs and even horses. On the recommendation of his doctor, he took early horseback rides every day.
Mozart's biography briefly told about the fate of a genius who did not live long, but made an invaluable contribution to the musical art of the whole world.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, full name Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Theophilus Mozart was born January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, died December 5, 1791 in Vienna. Austrian composer, bandmaster, virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal ear for music, memory and the ability to improvise. Mozart is widely recognized as one of the greatest composers: his uniqueness lies in the fact that he worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all. Along with Haydn and Beethoven, he belongs to the most significant representatives of the Vienna Classical School.
Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, then the capital of the Salzburg Archbishopric, now this city is located on the territory of Austria.
Mozart's musical abilities manifested themselves at a very early age, when he was about three years old. Father taught Wolfgang the basics of playing the harpsichord, violin and organ.
In 1762, Mozart's father took with his son and daughter Anna, also a wonderful harpsichord performer, an artistic journey to Munich, Paris, London and Vienna, and then to many other cities in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In the same year, young Mozart wrote his first composition.
In 1763 Mozart's first sonatas for harpsichord and violin were published in Paris. From 1766 to 1769, while living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the works of Handel, Stradell, Carissimi, Durante and other great masters.
Mozart spent 1770-1774 in Italy. In 1770, in Bologna, he met the composer Josef Myslivechek, who was extremely popular in Italy at that time; The influence of the “Divine Bohemian” turned out to be so great that later, due to the similarity of style, some of his works were attributed to Mozart, including the oratorio “Abraham and Isaac”
In the years 1775-1780, despite worries about material support, a fruitless trip to Munich, Mannheim and Paris, the loss of his mother, Mozart wrote, among other things, 6 clavier sonatas, a concerto for flute and harp, a large symphony No. 31 in D-dur, nicknamed Parisian, several spiritual choirs, 12 ballet numbers.
In 1779, Mozart received a position as court organist in Salzburg (collaborated with Michael Haydn). On January 26, 1781, the opera Idomeneo was staged in Munich with great success, marking a certain turn in Mozart's work.
In 1781 Mozart finally settled in Vienna. In 1783 Mozart married Constance Weber, sister of Aloysia Weber, with whom he had been in love during his stay in Mannheim. In the very first years, Mozart gained wide popularity in Vienna; his “academies” were popular, as public authorial concerts were called in Vienna, in which the works of one composer, often by himself, were performed. However, Mozart’s opera in subsequent years in Vienna did not develop in the best way. The operas "L'oca del Cairo" (1783) and "Lo sposo deluso" (1784) remained unfinished. Finally, in 1786, the opera The Marriage of Figaro was written and staged, the libretto of which was Lorenzo da Ponte. It had a good reception in Vienna, but after several performances it was withdrawn and not staged until 1789, when the production was resumed by Antonio Salieri, who considered The Marriage of Figaro to be Mozart's best opera.
In 1787, a new opera, created in collaboration with Da Ponte, "Don Juan" was released.
At the end of 1787, after the death of Christoph Willibald Gluck, Mozart received the position of "imperial and royal chamber musician" with a salary of 800 florins, but his duties were reduced mainly to composing dances for masquerades, the opera - comic, on a plot from secular life - was ordered to Mozart only once, and she became "Cosi fan tutte" (1790).
In May 1791, Mozart was enrolled in an unpaid position as Assistant Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's Cathedral; this position gave him the right to become Kapellmeister after the death of the seriously ill Leopold Hoffmann; Hoffmann, however, outlived Mozart.
Mozart died on December 5, 1791. The cause of Mozart's death is still the subject of controversy. Most researchers believe that Mozart really died, as indicated in the medical report, from rheumatic (millet) fever, possibly complicated by acute heart or kidney failure. The famous legend of the poisoning of Mozart by the composer Salieri is still supported by several musicologists, but there is no convincing evidence for this version. In May 1997, the court, sitting in the Milan Palace of Justice, having considered the case of Antonio Salieri on charges of murdering Mozart, acquitted him.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, full name Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Theophilus Mozart was born January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, died December 5, 1791 in Vienna. Austrian composer, bandmaster, virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal ear for music, memory and the ability to improvise. Mozart is widely recognized as one of the greatest composers: his uniqueness lies in the fact that he worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all. Along with Haydn and Beethoven, he belongs to the most significant representatives of the Vienna Classical School.
Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, then the capital of the Salzburg Archbishopric, now this city is located on the territory of Austria.
Mozart's musical abilities manifested themselves at a very early age, when he was about three years old. Father taught Wolfgang the basics of playing the harpsichord, violin and organ.
In 1762, Mozart's father took with his son and daughter Anna, also a wonderful harpsichord performer, an artistic journey to Munich, Paris, London and Vienna, and then to many other cities in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In the same year, young Mozart wrote his first composition.
In 1763 Mozart's first sonatas for harpsichord and violin were published in Paris. From 1766 to 1769, while living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the works of Handel, Stradell, Carissimi, Durante and other great masters.
Mozart spent 1770-1774 in Italy. In 1770, in Bologna, he met the composer Josef Myslivechek, who was extremely popular in Italy at that time; The influence of the “Divine Bohemian” turned out to be so great that later, due to the similarity of style, some of his works were attributed to Mozart, including the oratorio “Abraham and Isaac”
In the years 1775-1780, despite worries about material support, a fruitless trip to Munich, Mannheim and Paris, the loss of his mother, Mozart wrote, among other things, 6 clavier sonatas, a concerto for flute and harp, a large symphony No. 31 in D-dur, nicknamed Parisian, several spiritual choirs, 12 ballet numbers.
In 1779, Mozart received a position as court organist in Salzburg (collaborated with Michael Haydn). On January 26, 1781, the opera Idomeneo was staged in Munich with great success, marking a certain turn in Mozart's work.
In 1781 Mozart finally settled in Vienna. In 1783 Mozart married Constance Weber, sister of Aloysia Weber, with whom he had been in love during his stay in Mannheim. In the very first years, Mozart gained wide popularity in Vienna; his “academies” were popular, as public authorial concerts were called in Vienna, in which the works of one composer, often by himself, were performed. However, Mozart’s opera in subsequent years in Vienna did not develop in the best way. The operas "L'oca del Cairo" (1783) and "Lo sposo deluso" (1784) remained unfinished. Finally, in 1786, the opera The Marriage of Figaro was written and staged, the libretto of which was Lorenzo da Ponte. It had a good reception in Vienna, but after several performances it was withdrawn and not staged until 1789, when the production was resumed by Antonio Salieri, who considered The Marriage of Figaro to be Mozart's best opera.
In 1787, a new opera, created in collaboration with Da Ponte, "Don Juan" was released.
At the end of 1787, after the death of Christoph Willibald Gluck, Mozart received the position of "imperial and royal chamber musician" with a salary of 800 florins, but his duties were reduced mainly to composing dances for masquerades, the opera - comic, on a plot from secular life - was ordered to Mozart only once, and she became "Cosi fan tutte" (1790).
In May 1791, Mozart was enrolled in an unpaid position as Assistant Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's Cathedral; this position gave him the right to become Kapellmeister after the death of the seriously ill Leopold Hoffmann; Hoffmann, however, outlived Mozart.
Mozart died on December 5, 1791. The cause of Mozart's death is still the subject of controversy. Most researchers believe that Mozart really died, as indicated in the medical report, from rheumatic (millet) fever, possibly complicated by acute heart or kidney failure. The famous legend of the poisoning of Mozart by the composer Salieri is still supported by several musicologists, but there is no convincing evidence for this version. In May 1997, the court, sitting in the Milan Palace of Justice, having considered the case of Antonio Salieri on charges of murdering Mozart, acquitted him.
Mozart's father, Leopold, was a composer, court violinist, quite famous at that time. Father played a big role in the development of Mozart as a composer.
Mozart's mother is Maria Anna, nee Pertl. She gave birth to seven children, of whom only daughter Maria Anna and son Wolfgang survived. Both had extraordinary musical abilities.
As a three-year-old child, Wolfgang is already picking up thirds and sextets on the harpsichord. A little later, at the age of about five, the future great composer begins to compose minuets.
1762 - Leopold Mozart takes his children on the first "tour". They play in Munich, Linz, Passau, and also in Vienna, where the family twice receives a reception from Empress Maria Theresa. The Mozarts' concert tours have been going on for about ten years.
1763 - 1766 - the second and longest concert trip. The family visits Munich, Ludwigsburg, Augsburg, Schwetzingen, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris… Little Mozart already played masterly not only on keyboards, but also on the violin. In Frankfurt, he plays the violin concerto for the first time.
Winter 1763 - 1764 - the first compositions of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were published in Paris, these were four violin sonatas.
1764 - 1765 - London. Immediately after their arrival, the Mozarts were received by King George III. At one of the concerts, Wolfgang was noticed by the composer Johann Christian Bach (son of the great Johann Sebastian Bach), whom Mozart considered his teacher many years later. In London, Wolfgang composed his first symphonies.
1766 - return to Salzburg.
1767 - 1768 - a trip to Vienna, where Mozart wrote his first opera "The Imaginary Simple Girl", a mass for choir and orchestra, a trumpet concerto, a symphony K. 45a.
1769 - 1771 - Italy. Mozarts are received by the Pope, King Ferdinand IV of Naples, Cardinal.
Summer 1770 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart receives the Order of the Golden Spur from the hands of Pope Clement XIV. At this time, Mozart was studying with Padre Martini and was working on the opera Mithridates, King of Pontus. At the insistence of the teacher, Martini takes an exam at the Bologna Philharmonic Academy and becomes a member. The opera "Mithridates, King of Pontus" was completed by Christmas and was successfully shown in Milan.
1771 - the opera "Ascanius in Alba" was written and shown in Milan.
In the same period, Empress Maria Theresa, for some reason, was dissatisfied with the Mozart family. Because of this, Leopold's hopes of getting his son to serve in Milan did not come true.
1772 - In Salzburg, Mozart writes a dramatic serenade "The Dream of Spice" for the inaugural celebrations of the new archbishop, Count Hieronymus Colloredo. The count takes a talented composer to his service.
1773 - return from the last, third trip to Italy, where Mozart wrote another opera "Lucius Sulla". The family fails to settle in Vienna, they live in Salzburg.
The second half of the 1770s - in Salzburg, Mozart wrote a number of symphonies, divertissements, the first string quartet, the opera The Imaginary Gardener.
1777 - Mozart leaves the service of the archbishop and goes with his mother to Paris. On the way, in Mannheim, the composer falls in love with the singer Aloysia Weber.
1778 - Having sent his mother back to Salburg, Wolfgang, secretly from his father, makes a small tour with his beloved to the court of the Princess of Nassau-Weilburg.
The same year - the planned trip to Paris nevertheless took place, but was extremely unhappy. Mozart's mother dies in Paris, the royal court shows no interest in the composer. Wolfgang leaves France, and in Mannheim he learns that Aloisia is absolutely indifferent to him.
1779 - Mozart returns to his former place of work, but now serves as an organist, composing mostly church music.
1781 - another opera written by Mozart was staged in Munich, it was Idomeneo, King of Crete. In the same year, having quarreled with the archbishop, Mozart left the service.
1782 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart marries Constance Weber, the sister of his first lover and also a singer. Constance bore Mozart six children, of whom two survived: sons Karl Thomas and Franz Xavier.
The first half of the 1780s - Mozart writes the opera "The Abduction from the Seraglio", the Mass in C minor (not finished; one of the soprano solo parts was performed by the composer's wife), the Linz Symphony. The same period is marked in the life of Mozart as the beginning of friendship with J. Haydn.
1784 - Mozart joins the Masonic lodge.
This time is considered the heyday of the career of the famous composer. At the same time, he has competitors. As a result, two groups of composers are fighting for fame, led by Mozart (he worked with the court librettist L. da Ponte) and the court composer A. Salieri, who worked with the librettist abbe Casti, a rival of da Ponte.
October 1787 - the premiere of the opera Don Giovanni took place in Prague. This production was destined to be Mozart's last triumph.
After returning to Vienna, the composer was haunted by failures; he ended his life practically a beggar. Don Juan fails in Vienna. Mozart holds the position of composer and bandmaster at the court of Emperor Joseph II, who understood music so much that he could publicly speak out that Mozart's compositions were "not to the taste of the Viennese."
1789 - Mozart travels to Berlin. It was a concert trip with the aim, firstly, to earn money (the composer already had large debts), and secondly, to try his luck at the court of King Frederick William II. None of the goals were achieved. The only result of the trip was several orders for string quartets and clavier sonatas.
1791 - Mozart writes the opera in German "The Magic Flute", the coronation opera "The Mercy of Titus". The premiere of the latter passes without much success, as, indeed, the premiere of The Magic Flute. In the same year, a concerto for clarinet and orchestra in A major was written.
The year 1791 is the illness of Constance, then Mozart himself, who was knocked down by the unsuccessful premiere of The Magic Flute.
The same year, Count Walsegg-Stuppach orders Mozart a requiem in memory of his dead wife. In general, this count was distinguished by the fact that he ordered works from talented composers, which he later performed under his own name. So it should have been with Requiem. Mozart worked until his strength left him, but the Requiem was never completed. At the end of November 1791, the composer finally fell ill, but even in this semi-delirious state he continued to mentally play the Requiem, and forced his friends who came to visit him to perform ready-made parts ... The work was completed by Mozart's student Süssmeier.
December 5, 1791 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies in Vienna. Constance had neither the strength nor the money to deal with the funeral, as a result, the great composer was buried in a grave for the poor in the Vienna cemetery of St. Mark. Many years later, they tried to find the grave, but to no avail.
There were many rumors about Mozart's death, the most common of which was the story of a slow-acting poison, and Mozart's main competitor, the composer Salieri, was suspected of poisoning. However, the fact of the crime was not proven.
A musical genius who can be compared to Mozart in history is incredibly hard to find, and there is no doubt that he is one of the greatest musicians on planet Earth. Interesting facts about Mozart are of interest to many people, because he is a world-class person.
1. Mozart began to demonstrate his phenomenal musical talents at the age of three.
2. Mozart wrote his first work at the age of six.
3. Mozart was terrified of the sound of a musical trumpet.
4. There were seven children in the Mozart family, and only two survived.
5. Wolfgang Amadeus at the age of eight played with his son Bach.
6.Mozart was awarded the Order of the Knight of the Golden Spur by the Pope.
7. Mozart's wife's name was Constance.
8. Mozart's son Franz Xaver Mozart had a chance to live in Lvov for about 30 years.
9. For one fee after Mozart's performances, it was possible to feed a family of five for a month.
10. Wolfgang Amadeus was very fond of playing billiards and did not spare money on it.
11.Google has developed a separate logo in honor of the 250th anniversary of Mozart.
12. It was believed that Mozart was poisoned by the composer Antonio Salieri.
13. After 200 years after the death of Mozart, the court found Antonio Salieri not guilty of the death of the great creator.
14. Mozart was considered a child prodigy.
15. In London, little Mozart was the object of scientific research.
16. Even at a young age, Mozart knew how to play the clavier blindfolded.
17. Once in Frankfurt, a young man ran up to Mozart and expressed delight at the composer's music. This young man was Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
18. Mozart had a phenomenal memory.
19. Mozart's father was involved in his musical education.
20. Mozart and his wife lived richly and did not deny themselves anything.
21. Mozart was born in Salzburg into a musical family.
22. Mozart's works were first published in Paris.
23. For some time the great composer lived in Italy, where his operas were first staged.
24. By the age of seventeen, Mozart's track record included about forty works.
25. In 1779, Mozart served as court organist.
26. Unfortunately, the composer never managed to finish some operas.
27. Mozart was an excellent master of the art of improvisation.
28. Wolfgang Amadeus was the youngest member of the Bologna Philharmonic Academy.
29. Mozart's father was a composer and violinist.
30. Mozart was baptized in the Salzburg Cathedral of St. Rupert.
31. In 1784 the composer became a Freemason.
32. Throughout his life, the greatest composer managed to write about 800 works.
33. In the spring of 1791, Mozart gave his last public concert.
34. Mozart had six children, four of whom died in infancy.
35. Mozart's biography was written by the new husband of the composer's wife.
36. In 1842, the first monument was erected in honor of Mozart.
37. The most famous monument to the great composer was built in Seville from bronze.
38. In honor of Mozart, a university was founded in Salzburg.
39. There are Mozart museums in Salzburg: namely, in the house where he was born, and in the apartment where he lived later.
40. Mozart was a gambler.
41. The composer was not a greedy person, and always gave money to beggars.
42. Mozart was one step away from coming to Russia, but he has never been here.
43. There are several reasons for the death of the composer, but no one knows the true one.
44. The Estates Theater in Prague is the only place left in its original form in which Mozart performed.
45. Mozart was very fond of gesturing with his hands and stamping his foot.
46. Mozart's contemporaries said that he could characterize people very accurately.
47. Wolfgang Amadeus loved humor and was an ironic person.
48. Mozart was a good dancer, and he was especially good at dancing the minuet.
49. The great composer treated animals well, and he especially loved birds - canaries and starlings.
50. On a coin equivalent to two shillings there is an image of Mozart.
51. Mozart was depicted on the postage stamps of the USSR and Moldova.
52. The composer became the hero of many books and films.
53. Mozart's music connects different national cultures.
54. Wolfgang Amadeus was buried as a poor man - in a common grave.
55. Mozart was buried in Vienna at the cemetery of St. Mark.
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