When it comes to classical music, most people immediately think of Mozart. And this is not accidental, because he achieved phenomenal success in all musical directions of his time.
Today, the works of this genius are very popular all over the world. Scientists have repeatedly conducted research related to the positive impact of Mozart's music on the human psyche.
With all this, if you ask anyone you meet if he can tell at least one interesting fact from biographies of Mozart, - it is unlikely that he will give an affirmative answer. But it is a storehouse of human wisdom!
So, we bring to your attention the biography of Wolfgang Mozart ().
The most famous portrait of Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in an Austrian city. His father Leopold was a composer and violinist in the court chapel of Count Sigismund von Strattenbach.
Mother Anna Maria was the daughter of the commissioner of the trustee of the almshouse in St. Gilgen. Anna Maria gave birth to 7 children, but only two of them managed to survive: Maria's daughter Anna, also called Nannerl, and Wolfgang.
During the birth of Mozart, his mother almost died. Doctors made every effort to ensure that she survived, and the future genius was not left an orphan.
Both children in the Mozart family showed excellent musical abilities, since their biographies were directly related to music from childhood.
When his father decided to teach little Maria Anna to play the harpsichord, Mozart was only 3 years old.
But in those moments when the boy heard the sounds of music coming, he often approached the harpsichord and tried to play something. Soon he was able to play some pieces of music he had heard earlier.
The father immediately noticed the extraordinary talent of his son and also began to teach him to play the harpsichord. The young genius grasped everything on the fly and already at the age of five he was composing plays. A year later, he mastered the violin.
None of the Mozart children attended school, as the father decided to teach them different things himself. The genius of little Wolfgang Amadeus was manifested not only in music.
He zealously learned any science. So, for example, when the study began, he was so carried away by the subject that he covered the entire floor with various numbers and examples.
When Mozart was 6 years old, he played so magnificently that he could easily perform in front of an audience. This played a decisive role in his biography. Complementing the impeccable game was the singing of the older sister Nannerl, who had a magnificent voice.
Father Leopold was extremely happy with how capable and gifted his children turned out to be. Seeing their capabilities, he decides to go on tour with them to the largest cities in Europe.
Wolfgang Mozart as a child The head of the family had high hopes that this trip would make his children famous and help improve the financial situation of the family.
And indeed, soon the dreams of Leopold Mozart were destined to come true.
The Mozarts managed to perform in the largest cities and capitals of European states.
In whatever place Wolfgang and Nannerl appeared, they were expected to be a resounding success. The audience was discouraged by the talented acting and singing of the children.
The first 4 sonatas of Wolfgang Mozart were published in 1764. While in, he met the son of the great Bach, Johann Christian, from whom he received a lot of useful advice.
The composer was shocked by the abilities of the child. This meeting benefited the young Wolfgang and made him an even more skillful master of his craft.
In general, it must be said that throughout his biography, Mozart constantly studied and improved, even when it seemed that he had reached the limits of mastery.
In 1766, Leopold became seriously ill, so they decided to return home from the tour. Moreover, the constant moving overly tired the children.
As we have already said, Mozart's creative biography began from the moment of his first tour at the age of 6.
When he was 14 years old, he went to Italy, where he again managed to impress the audience with the virtuoso playing of his own (and not only) works.
In Bologna, he participated in various musical competitions with professional musicians.
Mozart's playing impressed the Boden Academy so much that they decided to award him the title of academician. It is worth noting that such an honorary status was given to talented composers only after they were at least 20 years old.
Returning to his native Salzburg, Mozart continued to compose various sonatas, symphonies and operas. The older he got, the more profound and penetrating were his works.
In 1772, he met Joseph Haydn, who in the future became not only a teacher for him, but also a reliable friend.
Soon Wolfgang, like his father, began to play at the court of the archbishop. Due to his special talent, he always had a huge number of orders.
However, after the death of the old bishop and the arrival of a new one, the situation changed for the worse. A trip to Paris and some German cities in 1777 helped to distract a little from the surging problems.
During this period of Mozart's biography, serious financial difficulties arose in their family. For this reason, only his mother was able to travel with Wolfgang.
However, this trip was not successful. Mozart's compositions, which differed from the music of that time, no longer aroused much enthusiasm among the public. After all, Wolfgang was no longer that little “wonder boy” capable of admiring with his appearance alone.
The situation was darkened even more, since in Paris his mother fell ill and died, who could not bear the endless and unsuccessful trips.
All these circumstances prompted Mozart to return home again to seek his fortune there.
Judging by the biography of Mozart, he almost always lived on the verge of poverty, and even poverty. However, he was offended by the behavior of the new bishop, who perceived Wolfgang as a mere servant.
Because of this, in 1781, he made a firm decision to leave for Vienna.
Mozart family. On the wall is a portrait of the mother, 1780. There the composer met Baron Gottfried van Steven, who was then the patron of many musicians. He advised him to write some compositions in a style to diversify his repertoire.
At that moment, Mozart wanted to become a music teacher with Princess Elisabeth of Württemberg, but her father preferred Antonio Salieri, whom he depicted in the poem of the same name as the killer of the great Mozart.
The 1780s became the most rosy in Mozart's biography. It was then that he wrote such masterpieces as "The Wedding of Figaro", "Magic Flute" and "Don Juan".
Moreover, national recognition came to him, and he enjoyed great popularity in society. Naturally, he began to receive large fees, which before that he had only dreamed of.
However, soon a black streak came in Mozart's life. In 1787, his father passed away, and then his wife, Constance Weber, fell ill, and a lot of money was spent on her treatment.
After the death of Emperor Joseph 2, Leopold 2 was on the throne, who was very cold about music. This also exacerbated the position of Mozart and his fellow composers.
Mozart's only wife was Constance Weber, whom he met in the capital. However, the father did not want his son to marry this girl.
It seemed to him that Constance's close relatives were simply trying to find a profitable husband for her. However, Wolfgang made a firm decision, and in 1782 they got married.
Wolfgang Mozart and his wife Constance Their family had 6 children, of whom only three survived.
In 1790, Mozart's wife needed expensive treatment, which is why he decided to give concerts in Frankfurt. He was well received by the public, but the fees from the concerts were very modest.
In 1791, in the last year of his life, he wrote the Symphony 40, known to almost everyone, as well as the unfinished Requiem.
At this time, he became seriously ill: his arms and legs were very swollen and constant weakness was felt. At the same time, the composer was tormented by sudden bouts of vomiting.
Mozart's Last Hours, painting by O'Neill, 1860 He was buried in a common grave, where several more coffins were located: the financial situation of the family at that time was so difficult. That is why the exact burial place of the great composer is still unknown.
The official cause of his death is considered to be rheumatic inflammatory fever, although biographers continue to debate this issue today.
There is a widespread belief that Antonio Salieri, who was also a composer, poisoned Mozart. But there is no reliable confirmation of this version.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, full name John Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Theophilus Mozart (Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgang Amadeus Theophilus Mozart), was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg. He was the seventh child in the family of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart, née Pertl.
His father, Leopold Mozart (1719-1787), was a composer and theorist, since 1743 he was a violinist in the court orchestra of the Salzburg archbishop. Of the seven Mozart children, two survived: Wolfgang and his older sister Maria Anna.
In the 1760s, the father abandoned his own career and devoted himself to the education of his children.
Thanks to his phenomenal musical abilities, Wolfgang played the harpsichord from the age of four, began to compose from the age of five or six, created the first symphonies at the age of eight or nine, and the first works for musical theater at the age of 10-11.
Since 1762, Mozart and his sister, pianist Maria Anna, accompanied by their parents, toured Germany, Austria, France, England, Switzerland, etc.
Many European courts got acquainted with their art, in particular, they were adopted at the court of the French and English kings Louis XV and George III. Wolfgang's four violin sonatas were first published in Paris in 1764.
In 1767 Mozart's school opera Apollo and Hyacinth was staged at the University of Salzburg. In 1768, during a trip to Vienna, Wolfgang Mozart received commissions for operas in the genres of the Italian buff opera (The Pretend Simple Girl) and the German Singspiel (Bastien et Bastienne).
Mozart's stay in Italy was especially fruitful, where he improved his counterpoint (polyphony) with the composer and musicologist Giovanni Battista Martini (Bologna) and staged the opera Mithridates, King of Pontus (1770) and Lucius Sulla (1771) in Milan.
In 1770, at the age of 14, Mozart was awarded the papal Order of the Golden Spur and elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna.
In December 1771 he returned to Salzburg, from 1772 he served as an accompanist at the court of the prince-archbishop. In 1777 he retired from the service and went with his mother to Paris in search of a new job. After the death of his mother in 1778, he returned to Salzburg.
In 1779, the composer again entered the service of the archbishop as an organist at court. During this period, he composed mainly church music, but commissioned by Elector Karl Theodor, he wrote the opera Idomeneo, King of Crete, staged in Munich in 1781. In the same year, Mozart wrote a letter of resignation.
In July 1782, his opera The Abduction from the Seraglio was staged at the Vienna Burgtheater, which was a great success. Mozart became the idol of Vienna, not only in court and aristocratic circles, but also among concertgoers from the third estate. Tickets for concerts (the so-called academies) of Mozart, distributed by subscription, were completely sold out. In 1784, the composer gave 22 concerts within six weeks.
In 1786, the premieres of Mozart's small musical comedy The Theater Director and the opera The Marriage of Figaro based on the comedy by Beaumarchais took place. After Vienna, The Marriage of Figaro was staged in Prague, where it met with an enthusiastic reception, as did Mozart's next opera, The Punished Libertine, or Don Giovanni (1787).
For the Vienna Imperial Theater Mozart wrote a cheerful opera "They are all like that, or the School of Lovers" ("That's what all women do", 1790).
The opera "Mercy of Titus" on an antique plot, timed to coincide with the coronation celebrations in Prague (1791), was received coldly.
In 1782-1786, one of the main genres of Mozart's work was the piano concerto. During this time he wrote 15 concertos (Nos. 11-25); they were all intended for Mozart's public performances as a composer, soloist and conductor.
In the late 1780s, Mozart served as court composer and bandmaster to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II.
In 1784, the composer became a Freemason, Masonic ideas were traced in a number of his later works, especially in the opera The Magic Flute (1791).
In March 1791, Mozart gave his last public performance, presenting a Piano Concerto (B Flat Major, KV 595).
In September 1791 he completed his last instrumental composition, the Clarinet Concerto in A major, and in November, the Little Masonic Cantata.
In total, Mozart wrote over 600 musical works, including 16 masses, 14 operas and singspiel, 41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, five violin concertos, eight concertos for wind instruments with an orchestra, many divertissements and serenades for an orchestra or various instrumental ensembles, 18 piano sonatas, over 30 sonatas for violin and piano, 26 string quartets, six string quintets, a number of works for other chamber ensembles, an innumerable number of instrumental pieces, variations, songs, small secular and church vocal compositions.
In the summer of 1791, the composer received an anonymous order to compose the "Requiem" (as it turned out later, the customer was Count Walsegg-Stuppach, who was widowed in February of that year). Mozart, worked on the score, being ill, until his strength left him. He managed to create the first six parts and left the seventh part (Lacrimosa) unfinished.
On the night of December 5, 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died in Vienna. Since King Leopold II banned individual burials, Mozart was buried in a common grave in St. Mark's Cemetery.
The Requiem was completed by Mozart's pupil Franz Xaver Süssmayr (1766-1803) according to instructions given by the dying composer.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was married to Constance Weber (1762-1842), they had six children, four of whom died in infancy. The eldest son Carl Thomas (1784-1858) studied at the Milan Conservatory but became an official. The younger son Franz Xaver (1791-1844) was a pianist and composer.
The widow of Wolfgang Mozart in 1799 handed over her husband's manuscripts to the publisher Johann Anton André. Subsequently, Constanza married the Danish diplomat Georg Nissen, who, with her help, wrote a biography of Mozart.
In 1842, the first monument to the composer was unveiled in Salzburg. In 1896, a monument to Mozart was erected on Albertinaplatz in Vienna, in 1953 it was moved to the Palace Garden.
One of the famous Mozart monuments located around the world is a bronze
Mozart managed to conquer all the musical heights that were available at that time, but this did not bring him success during his lifetime. Unfortunately, only a few of his contemporaries could appreciate the full depth of his talent, and he was worthy of the highest degree of glory.
Perhaps the genius was unlucky with the era in which he lived, but who knows if we would enjoy his works now if he had been born in another time or place.
The future musical prodigy was born in the family of assistant conductor Leopold Mozart and his wife Anna-Maria in 1756 in Salzburg. The mother could not recover for a long time after childbirth, the birth of her son almost cost her her life. The next day the boy was baptized and named Johann Chrysostomos Wolfgang Theophilus. The Mozarts had seven children, but five died in early childhood, leaving their older sister Maria Anna and wolfgang.
Father Mozart was a talented musician and an excellent teacher, whose works were teaching aids for many years. Extraordinary 
his daughter began to show musical abilities. The lessons of the father and sister on the clavier were incredibly interesting for the three-year-old Wolfgang- he could sit for hours and pick up thirds on the instrument, enjoying the search for the right harmonies. A year later, Leopold began to learn small pieces with his son, and then he himself began to compose short melodies, but the child could not yet write down his efforts in a musical notebook.
At first wolfgang asked his father to write down his creations, and once he himself tried to convey the composed music with notes that were interspersed with blots. These pen tests were discovered by the father and asked what the child depicted. The boy confidently declared that this was a clavier concerto. Leopold was surprised to find notes among the ink stains and was delighted when he realized that his son correctly and according to all the rules wrote down the invented music. The father praised his child, but said that it was almost impossible to perform such a difficult work. The boy objected, noting that you need to exercise well, then everything will work out. After some time, he managed to play this concerto.
The children of Mozart's father were extraordinarily talented, so Leopold tried to demonstrate this to the world. He organized at the beginning of 1762 a real European tour, 
during which the family visited the capitals and largest cities, where children played even in front of the highest audience - emperors and dukes. Small wolfgang as if he was in a fairy tale - he attended receptions in palaces and secular salons, talked with prominent people of his era, won praise and invariably heard a storm of applause addressed to him. But this required daily work from the child, not every adult could withstand such a busy schedule.
The miracle boy, according to the reviews of those in front of whom he played, flawlessly performed the most complex plays and improvised for hours, while observing the strict rules of art. His knowledge was higher than that of many experienced musicians.
Despite the rotation in the circles of nobles, Wolfgang Mozart retained the childish spontaneity, openness and lightness. He didn't write moody music, and he wasn't an introverted genius. A lot of funny stories and funny cases are connected with it.
The Mozarts lived in London for more than a year, where wolfgang met his son, Johann Christian, with whom he improvised and played 
in four hands. Then the family spent almost a year in different cities of Holland. During this period, the musical treasury Mozart replenished with a symphony, six sonatas and a collection of capriccios.
The program of his performances has always amazed the listeners with its complexity and diversity. His virtuoso playing on the violin, harpsichord and organ captivated the public, who nicknamed the boy the "Miracle of the Century". Then he really conquered Europe. After a long and exhausting journey, the family returned to their native Salzburg in 1766.
father did not give Wolfgang relax and began to work hard with him on the composition and rehearsals of concert programs so that new performances 
consolidate success. He wanted to make his son not only famous, but also wealthy, so that he would not depend on the whims of powerful people.
Mozart began to receive orders for works. For the Vienna theatre, he wrote The Imaginary Simple Girl, successfully mastering a new complex genre. But for some reason, the comic opera was not staged on stage. This failure wolfgang suffered very hard.
These were the first manifestations of hostility of rivals to his 12-year-old colleague, because now he was not just a miracle child, but a serious and famous composer. In the rays of his glory, it was easy to fade.
Then Leopold decided to take his son to the homeland of operas - to Italy. Three years young Mozart Milan, Florence, Rome, Venice and Naples applauded. His performances attracted huge crowds of fans, he played the organ in cathedrals and churches, was a conductor and a singer.
And here is the long-awaited order from the Milan Opera House. In six months, he wrote the opera "Mithridates, King of Pontus", which collected full houses 26 times in a row. He was ordered several more works, including the opera Lucius Sulla. 
Brilliant memory and fantastic hearing Mozart amazed sophisticated connoisseurs of music - Italians. Once he heard a polyphonic choral work in the Sistine Chapel, came home and wrote it down in full. It turned out that only the church owned the notes, it was strictly forbidden to take them out or rewrite them, and Mozart I did it just from memory.
Even more public discussion was caused by the election Wolfgang member of the Bologna Academy at such a young age. This happened for the first time in the history of the eminent institution.
Such successes Mozart in Italy gave hope for the realization of his father's dream. He was sure that now his son would not be an ordinary provincial musician, but to find a job in Italy for a young Mozart failed. Important people did not recognize the genius in him in time, and he returned to his homeland.
Salzburg met the famous family quite unfriendly. The new earl appointed Wolfgang Mozart conductor of his court orchestra, demanded full 
submission and tried his best to humiliate him. Servant Position Mozart did not suit him, he did not want to write exclusively church music and short entertaining works. wolfgang dreamed of serious work - composing operas.
With great difficulty he managed to get a vacation, along with his mother Mozart went to Paris to try his luck where he had been admired as a child. The talented musician, who already had almost three hundred works of various genres behind him, found no place in the capital of France - no orders, no concerts followed. I had to earn a living with music lessons, but this was barely enough to pay for a modest hotel room. With Mother Wolfgang She had a seizure in Paris and she died. A series of failures and this tragedy forced him to return to Salzburg.
There, the count, with new enthusiasm, began to humiliate Mozart- did not allow him to organize concerts, forced him to dine with the servants at a time when his opera "Idomeneo, King of Crete" was successfully staged at the Munich Theater.
Mozart made a firm decision to end this service and submitted a letter of resignation. Neither the first nor the second time it was signed, moreover, a stream of insults poured on the composer. wolfgang almost lost his mind from such injustice. But he gathered his strength and left his native city forever, settling in Vienna in 1781.
At 26 wolfgang married Constance Weber against the will of the father and mother of the bride, but 
the newlyweds were happy. At the same time Mozart ordered to write a comic opera "Abduction from the Seraglio". He dreamed of composing an opera in his native language, especially since the work was excellently received by the audience, only the emperor considered it too complicated.
The success of this opera helped the composer to get acquainted with famous patrons and musicians, including the one to whom he dedicated six quartets. Only Haydn was able to understand and appreciate the depth of talent Wolfgang.
In 1786, the audience enthusiastically met the new opera Mozart- The Marriage of Figaro. However, the success did not last long. The emperor and the whole court constantly showed their dissatisfaction with the composer's innovations, this also affected the attitude of the public towards his works. But Figaro's aria sounded in all the restaurants, parks and streets of Vienna, it was popular recognition. In his own words, he wrote music for ears of various lengths.
In the life of the composer, difficult times of lack of money again came. Funding came only from Prague, where his Le nozze di Figaro was included in the theatre's repertoire. Creativity was loved and appreciated in this city Mozart, and he worked there with pleasure on Don Juan, which premiered in the autumn of 1787.
Returning to Vienna again brought disappointment and financial need, but there wolfgang wrote the last three symphonies - E-flat major, G 
minor and C major, which are considered the greatest. In addition, shortly before his death Mozart premiere of his opera The Magic Flute.
In parallel with the work on this opera, he was in a hurry to complete the order of the Requiem. Shortly before this, an unknown man in a black robe came to him and ordered a funeral mass. Mozart was depressed and depressed after this visit. Perhaps his long-standing ill health simply coincided with this event, but he himself wolfgang took the Requiem as a prediction of his own death. Finish Mass Mozart did not have time (this was later done by his student Franz Xaver Süssmeier), he died on the night of 1791. There are still rumors about the reasons for his premature departure from life, like about any famous person. The most famous myth says that he was poisoned by the composer Salieri. This has never been confirmed.
Because the family has money Mozart was not, he was buried without any honors, and even in a common grave, so no one knows the exact place of his burial.
DATA
strange visitor Mozart who ordered him a Requiem, 
was a servant of Count Walsegg-Stuppach, who often bought works for next to nothing from poor composers and passed them off as his creations.
Younger son Mozart Franz Xaver at the beginning of the 19th century lived and worked in Lvov for twenty years. He taught music to children of noble Galician families and was one of the founders of the first musical society in Lviv called "Cecilia". It was on its basis that the Lviv Philharmonic was subsequently organized. And in 1826, the violinist Lipinski and the choir under the direction of Franz Xaver even gave a concert in memory of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Updated: April 8, 2019 by: Elena
GPS Coordinates: 47° 48" 04"" N, 13° 02" 20"" E
Address: Getreidegasse 9, 5020 Salzburg
On June 15, 1880, a museum was founded by the International Mozart Foundation in the house where the composer was born. Since then, this Rococo building has undergone some changes in the course of reconstruction, but its part with the facade overlooking University Square has retained its original appearance.
The first floor is furnished with furniture and interior items typical of 18th century Salzburg. The main exhibition is located on the next floors. Here you can see the musical instruments that the very young Mozart learned to play - violins, clavichords. His musical notes, scores, family letters, portraits, including a portrait of the composer at the piano, started by his brother-in-law Joseph Lange, are also kept.
The third floor is dedicated to the theatre. Here dioramas in the form of scenes show episodes from Mozart's operas. The museum is constantly updated with new exhibits. Also in the Mozart Birth House, the International Mozarteum Foundation regularly holds specialized exhibitions dedicated to the great composer.
As for the house on Makartplatz, it was almost completely destroyed during the Second World War, only part of the Dancemaster Hall has survived. Currently, the building has been restored and there is another house-museum of Mozart. Although his exposition is small, it can also be of interest to musicologists and admirers of the composer.
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791), Austrian composer.
Born January 27, 1756 in Salzburg. The first music teacher for the boy was his father Leopold Mozart. From early childhood, Wolfgang Amadeus was a "miracle child": already at the age of four he tried to write a harpsichord concerto, and from the age of six he brilliantly performed with concerts throughout Europe. Mozart had an extraordinary musical memory: it was enough for him to hear any piece of music only once in order to record it exactly.
Glory came to Mozart very early. In 1765, his first symphonies were published and performed in concert. In total, the composer wrote 49 symphonies. In 1769 he received a position as an accompanist at the court of the archbishop in Salzburg. Already in 1770, Mozart became a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna (Italy), and Pope Clement XIV elevated him to the Knights of the Golden Spur. In the same year, Mozart's first opera, Mithridates, King of Pontus, was staged in Milan. In 1772, the second opera, Lucius Sulla, was staged there, and in 1775, the opera The Imaginary Gardener was staged in Munich. In 1777, the archbishop allowed the composer to go on a long journey through France and Germany, where Mozart gave concerts with constant success.
In 1779 he received the position of organist under the Archbishop of Salzburg, but in 1781 he refused it and moved to Vienna. Here Mozart completed the operas Idomeneo (1781) and The Abduction from the Seraglio (1782). In 1786-1787. written two, perhaps the most famous operas of the composer - "The Marriage of Figaro", staged in Vienna, and "Don Giovanni", which was first staged in Prague.
In 1790, the opera "That's the way everyone does it" was again staged in Vienna. And in 1791 two operas were written at once - "The Mercy of Titus" and "The Magic Flute". The last work of Mozart was the famous "Requiem", which the composer did not have time to complete.
The work was completed by F. K. Süssmeier, a student of Mozart and A. Salieri. Mozart's creative heritage, despite his short life, is enormous: according to the thematic catalog of L. von Köchel (an admirer of Mozart's work and the compiler of the most complete and generally accepted index of his works), the composer created 626 works, including 55 concertos, 22 clavier sonatas, 32 strings quartet.
