Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - Russian poet, prose writer and playwright of the 19th century. It is he who is the founder of Russian realism. The great poet is considered one of the most authoritative figures of his time. For eight years he created a novel in verse called "Eugene Onegin". The problems presented to the reader in this work are relevant today. In our article you can find not only a description of the problems and plot of the novel, but also the history of its creation, as well as a lot of other interesting and informative information.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin began writing "Eugene Onegin" in 1823, and finished only in 1831. Pushkin sometimes called his novel a feat. It is worth noting that it is "Eugene Onegin" - the first work in the poet's repertoire, which was written in the style of realism.
Initially, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin planned to include 9 chapters in the novel, but at the end of writing he left only 8. The work describes the events of 1819 - 1825. The novel presents not only a love line, but also the vices of society. It is for this reason that the work is relevant today.
"Eugene Onegin" is an encyclopedia of Russian life, because the detail of everyday life and the depth of description of the characters' characters allow readers to understand the peculiarities of the life of people in the 19th century. The novel "Eugene Onegin" was published in parts (chapters). Some passages have been published in magazines. The publication of each chapter became an extraordinary event in society. The very first part was published in 1825.
Realism in Russian literature, as already mentioned, was first introduced in an innovative work, the author of which was Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The protagonist of the novel is Eugene Onegin. This is a young nobleman who was highly educated and led a secular lifestyle. The main thing for him was attending balls and theaters. Onegin also liked to dine with friends at the most popular establishments in St. Petersburg. But over time, he gets bored with this lifestyle, and the hero falls into a deep depression.
Upon learning of his uncle's fatal illness, Eugene Onegin leaves for the village. Upon arrival, he finds out that his relative is no longer alive. Since the main character was the only heir, all the property goes to him. Eugene Onegin believes that the village is in dire need of transformations and reforms. While these thoughts occupy the hero, he meets and begins to maintain relations with Lensky, a young landowner. The new comrade introduces Onegin to the Larin family, in which two sisters live. One of them is Tatyana, who had the misfortune to fall in love with young Eugene at first sight.
At the ball at the Larins, a conflict arises between Lensky and Onegin, which has gone too far and ended in a duel between former friends. After Onegin kills Lensky in a fight, he leaves in despair on a journey. At this time, Tatyana is given in marriage.
Onegin and Tatyana meet at one of the balls. The protagonist suddenly awakens a belated love for the girl. Returning home, Eugene composes a love letter for Tatyana, to which she soon answers. The girl claims that she still loves the young nobleman, but cannot be with him, since she is already a married lady: “But I am given to another and I will be faithful to him for a century.”
The qualities of Onegin are especially clearly revealed to the reader in the first and last chapters of the novel. The main character is quite complex. He has a heightened self-esteem, but from time to time Eugene is forced to make concessions to society, because he is afraid of being rejected. In the novel, the author devotes a few lines dedicated to the childhood of the protagonist, which to a certain extent explains his current behavior. Eugene from the first days of his life was brought up superficially. At first glance, Onegin's childhood passed cheerfully and carefree, but in fact, everything familiar quickly caused him discontent.
The young nobleman lives It is worth noting that Onegin acts and dresses as is customary in society - in this sense, he neglects his own desires. The image of the main character is quite complex and diverse. Rejection of personal claims deprives him of the opportunity to be himself.
Eugene Onegin easily charmed any woman. He spent his free time surrounded by entertainment, which soon invariably bored him. Onegin does not value people. Confirmation of this is the duel with Lensky. Eugene easily kills a friend for no good reason. The positive features of the protagonist appear before the reader at the end of the novel. Seeing Tatyana again, he realizes that nothing excites the heart like sincerity. But, unfortunately, the hero realizes this truth too late.
“We all learned a little something and somehow” - a quote from the novel “Eugene Onegin”, which is sometimes used today. Its meaning is a reflection of the superficial education of high society during the Patriotic War of 1812. The nobility in Moscow and St. Petersburg was divided in their views into two groups: the first - the older generation, and the second - the young nobles. Most of them did not want to do anything and strive for something. In those days, the priority was knowledge of French and the ability to bow and dance correctly. On this craving for knowledge, as a rule, ended. This is confirmed by a quotation from the novel, which, because of its veracity, it will never be superfluous to repeat: "We all learned little by little something and somehow."
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a poet who worked in the last century, but his works are still relevant today. One of his most popular works is the novel "Eugene Onegin". What problems does this work pose to readers?
Happiness and duty is one of the key problems that is presented in the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". It concerns not only the main character and Tatyana, but also the girl's parents. Tatyana's mother was supposed to marry another man, the one she loved. Having entered into marriage with an unloved person, she cried and suffered, but over time she reconciled. Paradoxically, Tatyana repeated the fate of her mother. She loved Eugene Onegin with all her heart, but she married a completely different man. The girl puts duty above love and stays with her husband, to whom she does not have any feelings. Thus, upbringing affects, and the heroine sacrifices her happiness in the name of the foundations instilled from childhood.
It is difficult to argue with the fact that one of Pushkin's most popular and iconic works is "Eugene Onegin". The problems that are described in the novel made the author's creation famous all over the world.
In the novel "Eugene Onegin" the hero is shown interacting with society. It is interesting how the change of external status that occurs in Onegin's life changes his habits and behavior. The protagonist behaves completely differently in a secular and rural environment. For example, in St. Petersburg, Onegin demonstrates politeness and education, while in the countryside, on the contrary, he neglects the rules of etiquette. Based on this, we can conclude that the main character is no stranger to hypocrisy and lies.
Along the way, you meet different people. Some have willpower, are true to their worldviews, while others, on the contrary, make many mistakes and cannot find the true path. The novel "Eugene Onegin" leads readers to many thoughts. Problems associated with the search for the meaning of life help to understand oneself.
The main characters of the novel are individuals who feel lonely in a secular environment. They are capable of both love and suffering. Onegin, for example, despises and this leads him to severe depression. Tatyana is the ideal of moral purity. Her main goal is to love and be loved, but the atmosphere that reigns around the heroine sometimes changes, as do the people around her. Despite this, Tatyana remains innocent and morally blameless. But the main character eventually understands who he rejected, and this becomes the impetus for personal adjustments. Using the example of Onegin, the author of the work demonstrates how a person who comes into contact with the sincerity and spiritual beauty of another can change.
In the 19th century, the novels of Byron and Walter Scott were very popular. In terms of subject matter, they were often associated with Pushkin's verse novel. The first published chapters of "Eugene Onegin" caused a resonance in society. Reviews of the work differed significantly from each other.
In an innovative creation, the author combines many genres and styles. In his novel, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin achieves integrity and harmony of style, ways of expressing artistic thought. "Eugene Onegin" is the first novel in Russia, which is written in poetic form. Modern critics have repeatedly tried to find out what are the social and literary roots of the protagonist of the work - the "extra" person in society. Often they assumed that the creation is connected with Byron's Harold.
Tatyana Larina is the main character of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin". It is noteworthy that the author in all his works describes the image of a beautiful Russian woman. Tatyana falls in love with Onegin at first sight and for life, and is the first to confess her feelings to him. But in Eugene's callous heart there was no place for the girl's pure love.
In the image of Tatyana, incompatible things are combined into one whole: the heroine loves to guess, reads novels and believes in omens, despite the fact that she is quite religious. Her rich inner world amazes others. It is for this reason that she feels comfortable in any society. She does not get bored even in the village. And the heroine loves to indulge in dreams.
Over time, having received declarations of love from Eugene Onegin, the girl acts wisely. Tatyana suppresses her feelings and decides to stay with her husband. After all, relations with Onegin would be disastrous for the heroine.
As we said earlier, Tatyana Larina does the right thing at the end of the novel. She does not hide the fact that she still loves Eugene Onegin, but at the same time the heroine believes that she can only belong to her lawful husband.
It is Tatyana who is the most positive and moral person in the work. She makes mistakes, but then she draws the right conclusions and makes the right decision. If you carefully read the lines of the novel, it becomes clear that Tatyana is the ideal of the author himself. On the contrary, using the example of Onegin, he demonstrates all the vices of society, since the protagonist of the novel is selfish and arrogant. It was individuals like Eugene who were prominent representatives of the nobility. Therefore, he appeared in the novel as a collective image of the high society of St. Petersburg.
The moral choice of the characters is also curious. The most striking example is the duel between Lensky and Onegin. The protagonist does not want to go to her, but obeys public opinion. As a result, Lensky dies, and this is a kind of turning point. It was after the sad event described that the novel changed its measured course.
The novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" is the first work in verse, which was written in the spirit of realism. The main characters are the young nobleman Onegin, the village girl Tatyana Larina and the landowner Lensky. The novel intertwines a large number of storylines and images. This is one of the reasons that makes the work interesting and instructive. The novel also contains topical issues of any time: the eternal search for the meaning of life and one's place in society is touched upon. The tragedy of the work is that it is very difficult to correspond to the ideas of the environment, regardless of one's desires and principles. This inevitably leads to duality and hypocrisy. In addition, feeling like a stranger in society, as the main character feels, is also psychologically difficult. And, of course, the theme invariably attracts readers. The work is written very vividly and interestingly, so those who decide to read the novel "Eugene Onegin" will not be mistaken. The problems that are demonstrated in the work will prompt reflection and show what passions raged in the distant 19th century.
"Moral Choice"
Option 1
Moral Choice - this is, first of all, a choice between good and evil: loyalty and betrayal, love and hatred, mercy or indifference, conscience or dishonor, law or lawlessness ... Every person makes it throughout his life, perhaps more than once. From childhood, we were taught what is good and what is bad. Sometimes life presents us with a choice: to be sincere or hypocritical, to do good or bad deeds. And this choice depends on the person himself. I will prove this thesis by citing arguments from the text of V.K. Zheleznikov and analyzing my own life experience.
As a second argument proving the thesis, I will give an example from the reader's experience. In A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”, the main character faces a moral choice: to refuse a duel with Lensky or not to refuse. On the one hand, there was the opinion of society, which would be condemned for refusal, and on the other, Lensky, a friend whose death was not needed. Eugene made, in my opinion, the wrong choice: a person's life is more valuable than public opinion.
Thus, I proved that we are constantly faced with a moral choice, sometimes even in ordinary things. And this choice must be the right one, so as not to regret later.
Option 2
What is a moral choice? I think the moral choice is the choice between love and hate, trust and distrust, conscience and dishonor, loyalty and betrayal, and if to generalize, it is a choice between good and evil. It depends on the degree of human morality. At present, as always, a moral choice can reveal the true essence of a person, because the choice between good and evil is the most important choice of a person.
In the text of E.Shim you can find an example that confirms my idea. Gosha, a boy with a gentle character, performs a truly heroic deed when, risking his health, he protects Vera. When the boy sees that the rocket could explode, he makes the right choice. This act characterizes him differently than at the beginning of the story, because by his act Gosha changes his opinion of himself for the better.
As a second proof of the thesis, I want to give an example from life. I would like to tell you about Nikolai Shvedyuk, who, risking his life, saved five people who were riding a snowmobile and fell through the ice. The ninth grader, seeing what happened, called an ambulance, he himself, taking the rope, rushed to help people. Nicholas committed this act, although no one forced him to do it: he made his moral choice.
Option 3
Moral Choice - this is a choice between good and evil, between friendship and betrayal, between conscience and dishonor ... The main thing is that a person makes a decision that he will not regret in the future. I believe that the phrase “moral choice” is understood differently by each person. For me, a moral choice is a choice in which the upbringing and soul of a person is manifested. To confirm my point of view, I will turn to the text of V. Droganov and personal experience.
Propositions 24-25 can serve as the first argument in favor of my opinion. In these sentences, the author tells that the narrator, many years later, understands that his choice at the moment when he took away the book from Kolka Babushkin was wrong, and he regrets it very much. This once wrongly chosen decision became his pain, his “inseparable companion”, because the hero understands that, unfortunately, he cannot fix anything, it is already impossible to even ask for forgiveness (30).
Thus, having analyzed two arguments, I proved that a moral choice is a choice that a person makes first of all with his soul, heart, and then with his mind. And sometimes the experience of past years tells him that he did wrong.
Option 4
Moral Choice is the adoption of one decision out of several: we always think about what to choose: good or evil, love or hatred, loyalty or betrayal, conscience or dishonor ... Our choice depends on many things: on the person himself and his moral guidelines, on life circumstances , from public opinion. I believe that a moral choice may not always be right, it is often a reflection of how a person was brought up. A person with a bad character will choose decisions in his favor: he does not think about others, he does not care what happens to them. For evidence, we turn to the text of Yu. Dombrovsky and life experience. Compositions of the OGE and the Unified State Examination
Secondly, I would like to recall the story of a boy from V. Astafiev's story "The Horse with a Pink Mane". In the work, we observe that the boy realized his mistake and repented of his act. In other words, the hero, who was faced with the question of whether to ask for forgiveness from his grandmother or remain silent, decides to apologize. In this story, we just observe that the decision of a moral choice depends on the character of a person.
Thus, we have proved that a moral choice is a decision that we make every day, and the choice of this decision depends only on ourselves.
The nineteenth century is rightfully called the golden age of Russian poetry, and I would also call it the golden age of prose. Among the constellation of names for many, the closest and dearest is the name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Each person has his own life, his own destiny, but there is something that unites all people. In my opinion, these are, first of all, human feelings and aspirations, the search for oneself. It was about this, close to each of us, that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote in his works, he tried to reach out to the hearts of his readers, trying to convey to them all the beauty and depth of human feelings. When you read Pushkin, many questions arise, but the main thing that worries the reader is the eternal problems of good and evil, love and friendship, honor, decency, nobility.
My favorite work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is “Eugene Onegin”. Everyone tends to find in this novel something precious, unique, sometimes understandable only to him, but what moral ideals of the author himself can be found here?
Despite the fact that the novel is called "Eugene Onegin" - the main character, in my opinion, is the author himself. Indeed, in comparison with Eugene Onegin, the spiritual world of the lyrical hero, his attitude to life, to work, to art, to a woman is higher, cleaner, more significant. The life of Eugene Onegin, full of secular entertainment, bothers him. For him, love is "the science of tender passion"; he was tired of the theater, he says:
It's time for everyone to change, I endured ballets for a long time, But I'm tired of Didlo.
For Pushkin, the theater is a “magic land”.
In the poetic novel, Pushkin touches on the issue of honor. Onegin goes to the village, where he meets Lensky. In an effort (for the sake of entertainment) to tease a friend, Onegin courts Lensky's girlfriend. Lensky, in the heat of jealousy, challenges him to a duel - an opportunity to defend his tarnished honor. For Onegin - a convention, he would not have gone to shoot if not for the opinion of the world, which would have condemned him for refusing. Lensky dies. Pushkin shows how a person's life becomes cheaper than gossip.
Onegin embarks on a journey that will change him greatly. There is a reassessment of values. He becomes a stranger to the world where he was his own a few years ago. Onegin fell in love with a woman. For Pushkin, love is a moral value, how many beautiful lines he dedicated to this feeling. Let us recall his poem “I remember a wonderful moment...”:
The soul has awakened:
And here you are again
Like a fleeting vision
Like a genius of pure beauty.
Love for Pushkin is a sacred feeling. The love awakened in Evgeny is a clear indication of how Evgeny has changed. But the beloved woman remains with another - this is Onegin's severe punishment.
But the moral ideal in the novel for Pushkin is Tatyana Larina. From the first lines dedicated to her, we feel the author's sympathy for her, her kind and sensitive heart:
I love so much
My dear Tatyana.
We will not find a description of Tatyana's appearance in the novel, the author speaks only of her pure and beautiful soul, only the inner world of the heroine is important to him. He creates Tatyana as sweet and sensitive, her attachment to family and friends, understanding the beauty of nature are important to him. Only the world around us can give a person inspiration and peace.
Tatyana falls in love with Eugene Onegin. “Tatyana loves not jokingly,” Pushkin says about his heroine. She carries this love through her whole life, but she cannot sacrifice her husband's happiness for the person she loves. Tatyana explains her refusal to Eugene Onegin as follows:
But I am given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever.
Good repays good - that is the eternal truth. Tatyana is close to this folk wisdom. And, perhaps, that is why Pushkin calls it “the Russian soul.”
“Take care of honor from a young age” - this is the epigraph of A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”. The father gives the same instruction to his son Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, sending him to the service. The father himself is trying not to lead his son off the right path, sending him not to Petersburg, where the young man could go astray, starting to drink, play cards, but sends him to a small fortress, where he could honestly serve the fatherland, strengthen his soul , because Petr Andreevich Grinev is only seventeen years old. Pushkin in Grinev's father shows those traits that are valued in people of the old school, in people of the 18th century. The meaning of the life of Andrei Petrovich Grinev is that a person, under any trials, does not make a deal with his conscience. He believes that the goal of every man's life is an honest service for the good of the Fatherland.
In "The Captain's Daughter" we meet a lot of heroes for whom the principle "Take care of honor from a young age" is the main thing in life. For Pushkin, the concept of "honor" is associated with loyalty to friends, duty. We see how Grinev, being a prisoner of Pugachev, directly says to his eyes: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.”
Maria Ivanovna, Grinev's fiancee, fainting when a cannon is fired in honor of her mother's name day, does not make a deal with her conscience, she rejects the offer of the traitor Shvabrin, who takes the opportunity and offers to take her out of the fortress if she marries him.
We see how Pushkin embodies his moral ideal in all the heroes: fidelity to duty and word, incorruptibility, the desire to help a friend or loved one.
It seems to me that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin believes that the principle of “good is met with good” is one of the many wisdoms of the people. This wisdom is very close to him. Grinev, trying to save his bride, comes to Pugachev's camp. Pugachev remembers the good (Grinev met Pugachev before the uprising and gave him a sheepskin coat) and lets him go with Marya Ivanovna. Being held captive by Pugachev, Grinev hears a song about the tsar and the robber. The robber, like Grinev, honestly confesses to the tsar what he has done, Grinev tells Pugachev about his intention to serve Catherine P. The tsar executes the criminal, and Pugachev releases the captive.
I told about only two works of A. S. Pushkin. Like every person, he had his own view of what was happening, he sought to find an answer to the questions that worried his contemporaries, but there is no time frame for Pushkin's works, he is interesting to all ages. The moral ideals of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - fidelity to duty, friends, purity of soul, honesty, kindness - these are universal values on which the world is based.
Among the main problems of the novel in the verses "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin, the following can be distinguished:
- search for the meaning of life;
- the purpose of human life in society;
- heroes of that time;
- assessment of the entire system of moral values of that period.
The novel by A.S. Pushkin is largely autobiographical for the author, because he, like the protagonist of the novel, Eugene Onegin, became disillusioned with the old ideals and moral principles of that era. But the hero is beyond the power to look for ways to change, to do something himself for changes in his life, he is overcome by the eternal Russian melancholy, which in the novel is characterized by the fashionable English word "spleen".
In his lines, A.S. Pushkin very confidentially tells the reader about his feelings and vision of the world. For him, family, family ties. the sacred hearth is of undeniable value, and this idea is conveyed by the words of the main character Tatyana Larina:
“But I am given to another,
And I will be faithful to him forever!
We can trace the whole way of growing up and becoming the personality of Evgeny and Tatyana, changing their worldview.
The novel also touches upon the issues of the value of human life for society, the description of the characters of that time, and the influence of advanced ideas on the ideology of society.
When I was at school, we all studied the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The ending of this novel is very sad, and it does not meet all the "expectations" of the readers.
Throughout the novel, we all expect that Tatyana, a genius of pure beauty, and a feminine ideal, will reciprocate Eugene, and they will live happily ever after for many, many, years. And it turns out that everything is not so at all:
- I love you, why lie?
But, I am given to another, I will be faithful to him for a century.
Tatyana, rejects all the courtship of Eugene, and this becomes a complete surprise, and the main problem of the whole novel.
Perhaps Pushkin did not tell us everything, and in the life of the main characters everything could have turned out differently, but, in a similar situation, many people find themselves in our time.
In Tatyana's life, there was an opportunity to change one man for another, and before her, there was a difficult choice, between the present and the future. Onegin did not have an "impeccable reputation".
According to the novel, he was selfish, proud, not reliable, and he "regularly changed women", and Tatyana perfectly understood the essence of things, she had no lack of male attention, and many men from her "circle" would like to marry her .
Tatyana, according to the novel, is a very reasonable woman, she respected her husband, who truly loved her, and wanted her to be happy only with him. Could Eugene Onegin make her happy? And why, only three years later, did he realize how much he loves her?
Rejecting Eugene's courtship, Tatyana acted like a reasonable woman, and did not change her existing family life for a "light affair."
In this case, reason won over feelings.
We cannot condemn Tatyana, because there are so many people, so many opinions, and the problem of this novel is choosing the right path in life!
It seems to me that in his novel Pushkin contrasts, compares and looks for similarities and differences among two different "worlds" - the world of beautiful magnificent balls, the capital's nobility and the world of ordinary people of noble blood, living more secluded and modest. The representative of the first world is the protagonist of the novel himself, Eugene Onegin, and the brightest representative of the second is Tatyana. Eugene is presented as a brilliant young man, educated but mired in social life. But this life has already bored him, and the author himself, as we see from the novel, is not enthusiastic about it. It is full of senseless and merciless intrigues, flattery, betrayal, debauchery. Only from the outside it seems attractive, beautiful and unusual. Those who find themselves inside it quickly lose their human dignity and strive for false values. And so Eugene, tired of this high society, goes to the village and meets there a completely different world, people of a different type. Tatyana is clean, she is educated and smart, she is close to the ideals of her ancestors - the family comes first, the desire for harmony and perfection. But Eugene was not immediately imbued with a warm feeling for such ideals, and then, when he already realized his mistake, it was too late. So the main problem lies behind the relationship of these two main characters, as the main representatives of the two layers of society.
Eugene Onegin is one of my favorite novels. Studying it at school, I re-read it 5 times, probably. Then the novel was just an interesting book for me, nothing more. Probably, at that age, no one thought deeply about the problems raised by Pushkin.
Now, I think, I look at the characters of the novel from a slightly different angle. The plot is based on the love of the main characters. Together with them, we live through the stages of their spiritual development, the search for truth, they determine their place in this life. For each of the characters, love is something personal. For Larina, this is a huge spiritual work, for Lensky it is just a light romantic attribute, for Olga it is the absence of sentimentality and individuality, for Onegin it is the science of tender passion. Next to the problem of love is the problem of friendship. Right now I understand that friendship without deep emotional attachment is impossible and temporary.
Particularly important in the novel is the problem of duty and happiness, since Tatyana Larina is a girl of conscience and honor and conscience are as important to her as love. In the course of the novel, she is transformed into a holistic personality, having her own moral principles and foundations, life values.
Also a huge problem described in the novel is the interconnection of various segments of the population.
And happiness was so possible, so
close... Chapter VIII, stanza XLVIII
Was happiness possible?
Lesson Objectives:
Tutorial: the formation of conscious skills and abilities to work with text
Developing: speech development - enrichment and sophistication of vocabulary.
Nurturing: purposeful formation of such moral qualities as responsibility and honesty in relation to the chosen position.
Lesson plan:
1. Organizing moment.
2. The stage of preparing students for the active assimilation of knowledge.
3. The stage of generalization and systematization of the studied.
4. The stage of information of students about homework.
Methods and forms of work:
1. Greeting.
2. Heuristic conversation.
3. Task of a reproductive nature. :
Preparing for the lesson:
Students:
They should know the content of the work of A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Chapter 8).
During the classes
Organizational moment.
Beginning of the lesson.
Work with text.
- What facts of the author's biography are described at the beginning of the 8th chapter? (The story of the lyceum, exile, recollectionknowledge about the Caucasus, Crimea, Moldova, but most importantly— inner world, movement of creative thought, developmentthe state of mind of the author.)
- Five stanzas were needed for Pushkin to remember all his life. There was youth - she left, there were friends, but they were ruined. But the memory of them remained, loyalty to those ideas for which they gave their lives, went to the Nerchinsk mines. The muse remains, it is unchanged, it will always remain pure and
light, she will help to live:
And now for the first time I am a muse ...
I’m bringing you to a social event… In the first chapter, we caught a glimpse of the St. Petersburg ball, essentially from the street, through the window:
Shadows walk through solid windows ...
In the 8th chapter, we are at a social event. Much is attractive in the light:
One can admire the noisy crampedness, the flickering of dresses and speeches, the slow appearance of guests in front of the young hostess, and the dark frame of men around the ladies, like near pictures.
The appearance of Onegin: for everyone he seems a stranger.
- Was Onegin a stranger to secular society? (Not.)
The Light decided that he was smart and very nice. A whole series of questions appears. Who can ask them? Author? A frequenter of social events?
Where was he for three years? With this bewilderment, one can compare the words of Molchalin: “How surprised we were! If only you could serve us in Moscow!”
- Gossip about him. ("Grimming eccentric.") Who will be? (ATnon-humans are accustomed to high society, and “decency tightened masks”, and those who do not look like them,— countries-us, incomprehensible.)
What advice do they give to Onegin? ( Advise him"be a good fellow, like everyone else.")
- Is Onegin familiar to the world? (Yes, he spent eight yearshere. But there was something about him that wasn't the same as before.everyone, what about now? “That talk is too frequent //We are happy to accept for business, / What stupidity is windyand evil, // That the eyes of important people are important // And thatmediocrity is one // We are on the shoulder and not strangeon the?" "Silents are blissful in the world"; idealmediocrity: “Blessed is he who was young from his youth,// Blessed is he who ripened in time, // Who graduallythe cold of life // With years he knew how to endure; //Whodid not indulge in strange dreams, // Who are the rabble of the seculardid not shy away, // About whom they kept repeating for a century: // NN pre-red man"; Pushkin's conviction: you can't betrayto be young! “It is unbearable to see in front of you / / Onethere are a long row of dinners, // To look at life asrite"; excerpts from Onegin's journey will answerto the question with what cargo he came by the autumn of 1824. Route: Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Astra-Han - Caucasus— Crimea - Odessa. Onegin introduces-stay with the motherland.)
Conclusion: Onegin comes to St. Petersburg rejuvenated.
- Why did Onegin get, like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball? (Irreconcilable hostility to society, in Onegindeep inner life that was not there before.)
On the board - the topic of the lesson:
"TATYANA AND EUGENE IN CHAPTER VIIIROMAN. MORAL PROBLEMS OF THE NOVEL "EUGENE ONEGIN"
And here is a new meeting of heroes. Tatyana appears, and Onegin does not recognize her and recognizes her. As Pushkin describes, what was Tatiana like, what did she do without? (She was slow, // Not cold,not talkative, //Without the look of the arrogant for everyone,//Without ad-claims to success, // Without these little antics, //No imitations...)
- Why is Onegin, who did not fall in love with Tatyana in the village, now seized with such an all-consuming passion? (Heroes have changed, updated Onegin nowcan appreciate the depth of Tatyana's soul.)
- What has changed in Tatyana? (She learned to "wel-to act like herself, ”as Eugene once advised herthen.) Why is she so attracted to Onegin?
- And what about Eugene? ( What about him? What country is he in?in a dream?// What stirred in the depths// Souls ho-Lodnoy and lazy? // Annoyance? Vanity?Or again// Care of youth - love?)
What is happening to him? How has he changed?
Expressive reading by heart of Onegin's letter. What character do we see in the letter? What feelings are they experiencing?
Listening to an excerpt from Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin".
your impression. How does music, stage play of actors help to understand the characters, to convey feelings?
Teacher's word.
— The compositional scheme of the novel is simple. The main characters switch roles towards the end of the book:
1. SHE loves HIM - HE doesn't notice HER. SHE writes HIM a letter - listens to HIS sermon.
2. HE loves HER - SHE doesn't notice HIM. HE writes letters to HER - listens to HER confession (sermon, after all, rebuke).
But this simple construction only emphasizes the complexity of human experiences that outwardly fit into such a simple scheme. How much more beautiful is Onegin's feeling!
He again turned to books, as in his youth. The circle of reading very definitely tells the reader, a contemporary of A.S. Pushkin: Gibbon, Rousseau, Gorder, Madame de Stael, Belle, Fontenelle - philosophers, educators, scientists. This is not two or three novels,
which reflected “the century and modern man, beloved by Onegin before. This is the reading circle of the de-Cabristas, people striving for action.",
“But this is not enough. Everything that was inaccessible to him three years ago is now opening before Onegin.
The poet, a friend of his heroes, wishes them happiness with all his heart. But happiness is impossible. There is controversy about the ending of the novel. Different points of view appear, each of which in its own way relies on the text of the novel. In addition, each generation reads Pushkin in its own way.
Eight years after Pushkin's death, in 1845, V.G. Belinsky wrote his famous articles about "Eugene Onegin". 80s. In connection with
opening a monument in Moscow in 1880, F. M. Dostoevsky delivered a speech at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, in which he expressed his interpretation of the finale of the novel.
Task. Get acquainted with reflections on the finale of the novel and on the images of Tatyana and Onegin
famous Russian writers: Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky and Fyodor
Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Work in groups. Write down abstracts from articles. which express the thoughts and attitudes of critics towards the finale of the novel and the images of the characters.
The tragedy of Chapter VIII is that Tatyana did not understand Onegin and his love. A democrat, a man of the 40s, Belinsky put above all the freedom of the human person, he condemns Tatiana for sacrificing her love for the sake of fidelity to her husband, whom she does not love, but only respects.
F. M. Dostoevsky:“Tatiana is the ideal of a woman, the ideal of a man. Her behavior in chapter 8 is the embodiment of moral perfection, because what“... can a person base his happiness on the misfortune of another? Happiness is not only in the pleasures of love. And in the highest harmony of spirit. How can you calm the spirit if an unfortunate, ruthless, inhuman deed stands behind? Should she run away just because my happiness is here? But what kind of happiness can there be if it is based on someone else’s misfortune?... No: the pure Russian soul decides like this: “Let me alone lose my happiness, let, finally, no one ever ... will know my sacrifice and will not appreciate it. But I don’t want to be happy by ruining another!”
Conclusion. Belinsky and Dostoevsky judge the actions of the characters in different ways. Which of them more convincingly, more correctly understands the motives of Tatyana's act in relation to Onegin and his own feelings? Why does Tatyana reject Onegin?
1 Research work.
To answer these questions, let's turn to verbs again.
Look through Tatyana's monologue, find the verbs, determine the time. Why Tatiana
explaining to Onegin in the present, when talking about himself, using
exclusively past tense verbs?
— Light did not spoil, did not ruin Tatyana, her soul remained the same, although in these three years she did not remain the same as she was.
- If Onegin has changed internally, then Tatyana has rather externally. She matured, became more restrained, calmer, learned to protect her soul from someone else's gaze. And this outward restraint, with the same inner wealth, the same spiritual beauty that she possessed in her youth, attracts Onegin to her even more.
“Before, happiness was not possible, because Onegin did not know how to love. Happiness is possible only now with a renewed Onegin, but (too late!) Tatyana does not consider herself entitled to sacrifice her husband's happiness for her own happiness.
In March 1825, having lost hope for personal happiness, Onegin is left alone in St. Petersburg. In the main text of the novel, Onegin remains at a crossroads - and the reader, together with him, once again thinks: what is life? How should one live? Where to go? Who to love? With whom and for what to fight?
Summing up the lesson.
Why does Chapter VIII cause the most controversy and interpretation? (Pushkin does not give a psychologicalfoundations of events, actions, facts.)
At the end of the novel, both main characters deserve the sympathy of readers. If one of them could be called "negative", then the novel would not have a truly tragic sound. Love for an unworthy creature can give rise to very sad situations, but it does not become such a source of tragedy as the mutual love of two people worthy of happiness when this happiness is completely impossible.
Onegin at the end of the novel is not a romantic "demon" with a prematurely aged soul. He is full of a thirst for happiness, love and a desire to fight for this happiness. His impulse is deeply justified and causes the reader's sympathy. But Tatyana... a person of a different type: she tends to give up happiness in the name of higher moral values. Her spirituality is full of true spiritual beauty, which is admired by both the author and readers. It is precisely the fact that both heroes, each in their own way, are worthy of happiness that makes the impossibility of happiness deeply tragic for them.
But who will finally explain to us the novel by A. S. Pushkin? Who will interpret Onegin in such a way that there will be nothing to add? Hopefully no one. May this book live forever, and may each new generation find something of its own in it. Very important to him.
*A challenge for those who think.
1. Was a happy reunion of Onegin and Tatyana possible? Writing is contemplation. By heart an excerpt (onegin's letter).
2. Research work: “What role can grammatical categories play in a literary text? (A.S. Pushkin
"Eugene Onegin")".
Good luck on the lesson!
