The novel by Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita", to which the writer devoted 12 years of his life, is rightfully considered a real gem of world literature. The work became the pinnacle of Bulgakov's work, in which he touched on the eternal themes of good and evil, love and betrayal, faith and disbelief, life and death. In The Master and Margarita, the most complete analysis is needed, since the novel is distinguished by its special depth and complexity. A detailed plan for analyzing the work "The Master and Margarita" will allow students in grade 11 to better prepare for the literature lesson.
Year of writing– 1928-1940
History of creation– Goethe's tragedy "Faust" became a source of inspiration for the writer. The original records were destroyed by Bulkagov himself, but later restored. They served as the basis for writing the novel, on which Mikhail Afanasyevich worked for 12 years.
Topic– The central theme of the novel is the confrontation between good and evil.
Composition- The composition of The Master and Margarita is very complex - it is a double novel or a novel within a novel, in which the storylines of the Master and Pontius Pilate run parallel to each other.
Genre- Novel.
Direction- Realism.
For the first time, the writer thought about a future novel in the mid-20s. The impetus for writing it was the brilliant work of the German poet Goethe "Faust".
It is known that the first sketches for the novel were made in 1928, but neither the Master nor Margarita appeared in them. The central characters in the original version were Jesus and Woland. There were also many variations of the title of the work, and they all revolved around the mystical hero: "Black Magician", "Prince of Darkness", "Engineer's Hoof", "Woland's Tour". Only shortly before his death, after numerous revisions and meticulous criticism, Bulgakov renamed his novel The Master and Margarita.
In 1930, extremely dissatisfied with what was written, Mikhail Afanasyevich burned 160 pages of the manuscript. But two years later, having miraculously found the surviving sheets, the writer restored his literary work and set to work again. Interestingly, the original version of the novel was restored and published 60 years later. In the novel called "The Great Chancellor" there was neither Margarita nor the Master, and the gospel chapters were reduced to one - "The Gospel of Judas."
Bulgakov worked on a work that became the crown of all his work, right up to the last days of his life. He endlessly made corrections, redid chapters, added new characters, corrected their characters.
In 1940, the writer fell seriously ill, and was forced to dictate the lines of the novel to his faithful wife, Elena. After Bulgakov's death, she tried to publish the novel, but for the first time the work was published only in 1966.
"The Master and Margarita" is a complex and incredibly multifaceted literary work in which the author presented many different topics to the reader's judgment: love, religion, the sinful nature of man, betrayal. But, in fact, all of them are only parts of a complex mosaic, a skillful frame main topic- the eternal confrontation between good and evil. Moreover, each theme is tied to its heroes and intertwined with other characters in the novel.
Central theme The theme of the novel, of course, is the all-consuming, all-forgiving love of the Master and Margarita, who is able to survive all difficulties and trials. By introducing these characters, Bulgakov incredibly enriched his work, giving it a completely different, more earthly and understandable meaning to the reader.
Equally important in the novel is problem of choice, which is especially vividly shown by the example of the relationship between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua. According to the author, the most terrible vice is cowardice, which caused the death of an innocent preacher and a life sentence for Pilate.
In The Master and Margarita, the writer vividly and convincingly shows the problem of human vices, which do not depend on religion, social status or time era. Throughout the novel, the main characters have to deal with moral issues, choose one way or another for themselves.
Main idea works is a harmonious interaction of the forces of good and evil. The struggle between them is as old as the world, and will continue as long as people are alive. Good cannot exist without evil, just as evil cannot exist without good. The idea of the eternal confrontation of these forces permeates the entire work of the writer, who sees the main task of man in choosing the right path.
The composition of the novel is distinguished by its complexity and originality. Essentially, this novel within a novel: one of them tells about Pontius Pilate, the second - about the writer. At first it seems that there is nothing in common between them, however, in the course of the novel, the relationship between the two storylines becomes apparent.
At the end of the work, Moscow and the ancient city of Yershalaim unite, and events take place simultaneously in two dimensions. Moreover, they occur in the same month, a few days before Easter, but only in one "novel" - in the 30s of the twentieth century, and in the second - in the 30s of the new era.
philosophical line in the novel it is represented by Pilate and Yeshua, the love one - by the Master and Margarita. However, the work contains a separate story line filled to the brim with mysticism and satire. Its main characters are Muscovites and Woland's retinue, represented by incredibly bright and charismatic characters.
At the end of the novel, the storylines are connected at a single point for all - Eternity. Such a peculiar composition of the work constantly keeps the reader in suspense, causing genuine interest in the plot.
The genre of The Master and Margarita is very difficult to define - this work is so many-sided. Most often it is defined as a fantastic, philosophical and satirical novel. However, it is easy to find signs of other literary genres in it: realism is intertwined with fantasy, mysticism is adjacent to philosophy. Such an unusual literary fusion makes Bulgakov's work truly unique, which has no analogues in domestic or foreign literature.
Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 4233.
Bulgakov is a very famous and world-renowned writer. Personally, I really love his work and admire the peculiarities of the plot and compositional lines. Today we will talk about the features of composition and plot in this work, namely in the novel "The Master and Margarita".
Bulgakov devoted almost all the last years of his life to writing the novel The Master and Margarita.
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The main theme of Bulgakov's works was the theme of the antithesis of good and evil. In the novel "The Master and Margarita" this theme is central. The composition of the work is multifaceted, because it combines modernity, fantasy and history. Its peculiarity is that the novel depicts three separate worlds (Moscow, Otherworldly, Yershalaim). Each world has its own structure. The compositional plot of the Moscow world is the appearance of Woland in Moscow, the culmination is the "Satan's Ball".
There are three storylines in The Master and Margarita: Moscow, Yershalaim, the line of relations between the Master and Margarita. Another feature is the presence in the work of a system of plot doubles, that is, each world has its own system of actors.
We can distinguish love (Mater and Margarita), philosophical (contrasting good and evil), mystical and satirical. Two different periods of time are intertwined in the work (Biblical, 1st century AD, Bulgakov's present, 30s of the 20th century).
The novel can be called autobiographical, because the prototype of Margarita was Bulgakov's third wife, Elena Sergeevna, in the image of the Master, you can recognize the writer himself.
"The Master and Margarita" is a "novel within a novel", that is, it tells the action of the novel about Pontius Pilate and the fate of the Master and Margarita. Both novels are part of a single work, despite their opposition.
Updated: 2018-01-23
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Mikhail Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" received universal recognition, although this happened after the death of its author. The history of the creation of the work covers several decades - after all, when Bulgakov died, his wife continued his work, and it was she who achieved the publication of the novel. An unusual composition, bright characters and their difficult fates - all this made the novel interesting for any time.
In 1928, the writer first had the idea of a novel, which was later called The Master and Margarita. The genre of the work had not yet been determined, but the main idea was to write a work about the devil. Even the first titles of the book spoke about it: "Black Magician", "Satan", "Consultant with a Hoof". There were a large number of drafts and versions of the novel. Some of these papers were destroyed by the author, and the remaining documents were published in a general collection.
Bulgakov began work on his novel at a very difficult time. His plays were banned, the author himself was considered a "neo-bourgeois" writer, and his work was proclaimed hostile to the new system. The first text of the work was destroyed by Bulgakov - he burned his manuscripts on fire, after which he was left with only sketches of scattered chapters and a couple of draft notebooks.
Later, the writer tries to return to work on the novel, but the poor physical and psychological state caused by severe overwork prevent him from doing so.
Only in 1932 did Bulgakov return to work on the novel, after which the Master was created first, and then Margarita. Her appearance, as well as the emergence of the idea of eternal and great love, is associated with the writer's marriage to Elena Shilovskaya.
Bulgakov no longer hopes to see his novel in print, but continues to work hard on it. Having devoted more than 8 years to the work, the writer prepares the sixth draft edition, complete in meaning. After that, the elaboration of the text continued, amendments took place, and the structure, genre and composition of the novel The Master and Margarita finally took shape. It was then that the writer finally decided on the title of the work.
Mikhail Bulgakov continued to edit the novel until his death. Even before his death, when the writer was almost blind, he corrected the book with the help of his wife.
After the death of the writer, his wife had a main goal in life - to achieve the publication of the novel. She independently edited the work and printed it. In 1966, the novel was published in the Moscow magazine. This was followed by its translation into European languages, as well as publication in Paris.
Bulgakov called his work “The Master and Margarita” a novel, the genre of which is so unique that the disputes of literary critics about the category of the book never subside. It is defined as a mythical novel, a philosophical novel, and a medieval drama on the themes of the Bible. Bulgakov's novel connects almost all areas of literature that exist in the world. What makes a work unique is its genre and composition. The Master and Margarita is a masterpiece with which it is impossible to draw parallels. After all, there are no such books in either domestic or foreign literature.
The composition of The Master and Margarita is a double novel. Two stories are told, one about the Master and the other about Pontius Pilate. Despite the opposition to each other, they create a single whole.
The two tenses are intertwined in The Master and Margarita. The genre of the work allows you to combine the biblical period and Bulgakov's Moscow.
The opening of the book is a dispute between Berlioz, Bezdomny and a stranger on the subject of the existence of God. Homeless believes that man himself controls the order on earth and all destinies, but the development of the plot shows the incorrectness of his position. After all, the author says that human knowledge is relative, and his life path is predetermined in advance. But at the same time he claims that a person is responsible for his own destiny. Throughout the novel, such topics are raised by Bulgakov. The Master and Margarita, whose genre weaves even biblical chapters into the narrative, evokes questions: “What is truth? Are there eternal values that remain unchanged?
Modern life merges with history The master did not stand against the injustice of life, but was able to obtain immortality in Eternity itself. The novel "The Master and Margarita" intertwines both plot lines in one place - Eternity, where the Master and Pilate were able to find forgiveness.
In his own, he shows fate as a string of interrelated events. By chance, the Master and Margarita met, Berlioz died, and Yeshua's life became dependent on the Roman governor. The author emphasizes the mortality of a person and believes that when planning your life, you should not exaggerate your capabilities.
But the writer leaves the heroes a chance to change their lives and correct the direction of fate for a more favorable one. To do this, you need to violate your moral principles. So, Yeshua can lie, and then he will live. If the Master starts writing “like everyone else”, then he will be accepted into the circle of writers, and his works will be published. Margarita must commit murder, but she cannot agree to this, even if the victim is the person who ruined the life of her lover. Some heroes change their fates, but others do not use the chances given to them.
All characters have their counterparts, which are shown in the mythological world. But there are no people similar to Margarita in the work. This emphasizes the uniqueness of a woman who, in order to save her beloved, makes a deal with the devil. The heroine combines love for the Master and hatred for his persecutors. But even in the grip of madness, smashing the apartment of a literary critic and frightening all the tenants of the house, she remains merciful, calming the child.
Modern literary critics agree that the image of the Master is autobiographical, because there is much in common between the writer and the main character. This is a partial external resemblance - a figure, a yarmulke cap. But it is also the spiritual despair that grips both of them from the fact that creative work is put off "on the table" without any future.
The theme of creativity is very important for the writer, because he is convinced that only complete sincerity and the ability of the author to convey the truth to the heart and mind can provide the work with eternal value. So, the Master, who puts his soul into manuscripts, is opposed by a whole crowd, so indifferent and blind. Literary critics hound the Master, drive him to madness and abandon his own work.
The fates of the Master and Bulgakov are inextricably linked, because both of them considered it their creative duty to help people regain their faith that justice and goodness still remained in the world. And also to encourage readers to search for truth and loyalty to their ideals. After all, the novel says that love and creativity can overcome everything in its path.
Even after many years, Bulgakov's novel continues to appeal to readers, defending the theme of true love - true and eternal.
About the novel Bulgakov's novel is a multi-dimensional and multi-layered work. It combines mysticism and satire, fantasy and realism, light irony and philosophy. One of the main philosophical problems of the novel is the problem of the relationship between good and evil. This theme has always occupied a leading place in Russian philosophy and literature.
The history of the creation of the novel The first edition Bulgakov dated the start of work on The Master and Margarita in different manuscripts either 1928 or 1929. The first edition of The Master and Margarita was destroyed by the author on March 18, 1930, after receiving news of the ban on the play The Cabal of Saints. Bulgakov reported this in a letter to the government: “And personally, with my own hands, I threw a draft of a novel about the devil into the stove ...”. Work on The Master and Margarita resumed in 1931.
The history of the creation of the novel The second edition The second edition was created before 1936. Third Edition The third edition was started in the second half of 1936. On June 25, 1938, the full text was reprinted for the first time (printed by O. S. Bokshanskaya, sister of E. S. Bulgakova). The author's editing continued almost until the writer's death (1940), Bulgakov stopped it at Margarita's phrase: “So, it means that the writers are following the coffin?” ... The novel “The Master and Margarita” was not published during the author’s lifetime. For the first time it was published only in 1966, 26 years after Bulgakov's death, with cuts, in an abbreviated magazine version. The writer's wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova managed to keep the manuscript of the novel during all these years.
Genre The genre uniqueness of the novel "The Master and Margarita" - "the last, sunset" work of M. A. Bulgakov still causes controversy among literary critics. It is defined as a novel-myth, a philosophical novel, a menippea, a mystery novel, etc. In The Master and Margarita, almost all genres and literary trends existing in the world are very organically combined. According to the English researcher of Bulgakov's work J. Curtis, the form of The Master and Margarita and its content make it a unique masterpiece, parallels with which "are difficult to find both in Russian and in the Western European literary tradition."
Composition The composition of the novel is multifaceted: it is a "novel within a novel." Within the framework of one work, two novels interact in a complex way: the story about the life fate of the Master and the novel he created about Pontius Pilate. The fate of Bulgakov is reflected in the fate of the Master, and the fate of the Master is reflected in the fate of his hero Yeshua.
Time and space The time of the novel refers to two eras at once, separated by almost two millennia. Both lines of the work - modern (4 days in Moscow in the 30s of the 20th century) and evangelical (1 day in Ancient Rome) - echo each other, connecting at different narrative levels of the text. The long past has not gone forever, but exists in parallel with the present.
Heroes of the novel. Chapters of Yershalaim Wandering philosopher Yeshua, nicknamed Ha-Notsri, who does not remember his parents, has no means of subsistence, no family, no relatives, no friends, he is a preacher of kindness, love and mercy. His goal is to make the world cleaner and kinder.
Pontius Pilate Pontius Pilate - Roman procurator of Judea in the late 20's - early 30's. n. at which Jesus Christ was executed. Procurator - an imperial official who had the highest administrative and judicial power in a small province. Photo illustration of Retrograde
Pilate announces the verdict: “He waited some time, knowing that no force could be used to silence the crowd until it exhaled everything that had accumulated inside it and fell silent itself. And when that moment came, the procurator threw up his right hand, and the last noise was blown away from the crowd. Illustration by Nicholas Korolyov
Woland and his retinue ... SO WHO ARE YOU, FINALLY? - I AM A PART OF THAT FORCE THAT EVER WANTS EVIL AND ETERNALLY DOES GOOD. GOETHE "FAUST" Woland is the devil, Satan, the "prince of darkness", "the spirit of evil and the lord of shadows" (all these definitions are found in the text of the novel). Illustration by Nicholas Korolyov
Woland's gang settles in Styopa Likhodeev's apartment “The guest was no longer alone in the bedroom, but in company. In the second armchair sat the same type that he had imagined in the hall. Now he was clearly visible: a feathery mustache, a piece of pince-nez gleaming, but no other piece of glass. But things turned out to be even worse in the bedroom: on a jeweler’s pouffe, in a cheeky pose, a third person collapsed, namely, a terrible black cat with a glass of vodka in one paw and a fork on which he managed to pry a pickled mushroom. ”Illustration by Nikolai Korolyov
The role of biblical chapters In the gospel chapters - a kind of ideological center of the novel - the most important questions of human existence are posed, worrying people at all times, "eternal questions". What is truth? What is good and evil? Man and his faith. Man and power. What is the meaning of human life? Inner freedom and non-freedom of man. Loyalty and betrayal. Mercy and forgiveness.
Azazello Azazello - "the demon of the waterless desert, the killer demon." The name Azazello was formed by Bulgakov from the Old Testament name Azazel (or Azazel). This is the name of the fallen angel who taught people how to make weapons and jewelry. This character represents death. Photo illustration of Retrograde
Behemoth Cat Behemoth Cat is a werewolf cat and Woland's favorite jester, a satirical character, as it is presented in the form of a fat black cat that can speak and always “plays the fool”. Occasionally, he turns into a thin young man. Photo illustration of Retrograde
The role of Woland's retinue Woland's retinue personifies evil, but in each of them it is presented in a peculiar way. The nature and purpose of each of them is different. Woland's statement that it is against the background of good that one can see evil, that good without evil is worth nothing, explains their actions by the fact that Good and Evil are inseparable things. Messir does not create evil, he is trying to cleanse the world by discovering and exposing human vices.
"Moscow" chapters. MASSOLIT The house where MASSOLIT is located is called "Griboedov's House". This is a parody of the House of Labor. The folk canteen here has turned into a luxurious restaurant. There is no library - the members of MASSOLIT do not need it, because Berlioz's colleagues are not readers, but writers. Instead of labor institutions, there are departments connected only with recreation and entertainment: "Fish and summer cottage section", "Cashier", "Housing problem", "Billiard room", etc. The main attraction is the restaurant. "Griboyedov" in the novel is a symbol of not writing, but chewing brethren, a symbol of the transformation of literature into a source of satisfying immoderate appetites.
Berlioz Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz is the chairman of MASSOLIT, located in the Griboyedov House. Berlioz received material benefits in exchange for his convictions and the renunciation of creative freedom. This is followed by punishment: he dies under the wheels of a tram immediately after talking with the devil. Photo illustration by Jean Lurie
Margarita At the beginning of the novel, Margarita, the Master's girlfriend, sympathizes with her lover and successfully lies to her husband. Gradually, she is reborn and at the end of the story acquires moral strength, making her capable of resisting evil. When "all deceptions have disappeared" and Margarita's beauty, previously "deceptive and powerless", is transformed into "unearthly beauty", she saves the Master from suffering. Photo illustration of the Retrograde Master and Margarita The story of the Master and Margarita, like a transparent stream, crosses the entire space of the novel, breaking through the rubble and abysses on its way and leaving for the other world, for eternity. Margarita and the Master did not deserve the light. Yeshua and Woland rewarded them with eternal rest. Photo illustration of Retrograde
“He was accompanied by Bungui, and next to him was a wandering philosopher. They were arguing about something very difficult and important, and neither of them could defeat the other. They did not agree on anything with each other, and this made their argument especially interesting and never-ending.
Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita is a great book, because great ideas are expressed in it: about the greatness of a person and about the immorality of power as a manifestation of violence against a person; about the beauty of love and people capable of love; about compassion and mercy, courage and fidelity to one's vocation as the highest human qualities, about the inseparability of good and evil, life and death... Such manuscripts really don't burn!..
M. Bulgakov's novel "Master and Margarita". History of creation. Features of the genre and composition .
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1. Introduce the history of the creation of the novelM.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita";
2. Determine the features of the genre and composition of the novel;
3. To form the ability to independently analyze the work, use reference literature.
4. Raise interest in the work of M. Bulgakov
EQUIPMENT: text of the novel, presentation, students' reports, tests.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time
We continue to get acquainted with the work of M. Bulgakov. And I would like to start our lesson with a biographical warm-up. Answering my questions one by one.
biographical warm-up
The years of life of M. Bulgakov. (1891 - 1940)
What education did the writer have? (Medical Faculty of Kyiv University)
When did he finally give up "the title of doctor with distinction" and move into literature? (in 1921 he left for Moscow)
Which newspaper became Bulgakov's permanent place of employment? (railroad newspaper "Gudok")
Name the works of M. Bulgakov known to you
What events in the life of the writer prompted him to write the novel "The White Guard"? (in 1918 there were 14 coups in Kyiv, he was mobilized as a doctor by Petliurists, Reds, Denikins)
Which play, according to B. Pasternak, received a "protection certificate"? ("Days of the Turbins", Stalin watched 15 times)
Methodical techniques: teacher's lecture, with elements of conversation and the use of ESM.
TEACHER
Today we will start talking about the work Bulgakov, which was published many years after the death of the writer and had a stunning effect on readers, baffled critics, because until then Soviet literature had not known a single such work. Disputes about him do not subside to this day. I think you guessed it: it isAbout The Master and Margarita ».
SLIDE 1
Goals: we will get acquainted with the creative history and fate of the novel, define the features of the genre, composition and problems of the novel
SLIDE 2
TEACHER
The novel "The Master and Margarita" is not in vain called "sunset romance"
M. Bulgakov. For many years he rebuilt, supplemented and polished his final work. Everything that M. Bulgakov experienced in his lifetime - both happy and difficult - he gave all his most important thoughts, all his soul and all his talent to this novel. This novel cannot leave anyone indifferent. And I want to start talking about himpoem by A. A. Akhmatova “In memory of M. A. Bulgakov »
SLIDE 3
Here I am for you, instead of grave roses,
Instead of incense smoking;
You lived so harshly and brought it to the end
Great contempt.
You drank wine, you joked like no one else
And suffocated in stuffy walls,
And you yourself let in a terrible guest
And he was alone with her.
And there is no you, and everything around is silent
About the mournful and high life,
And on your silent feast.
Oh, who dared to believe that I was crazy,
To me, the mourner of the days of the dead,
To me, smoldering on a slow fire,
All lost, all forgotten -
We'll have to remember the one who, full of strength,
And bright intentions, and will,
It's like talking to me yesterday
Hiding the tremor of death pain.
1940 A.Akhmatova
These mournful lines of Anna Andreevna tell truthfully about the life of Bulgakov in those years when he worked on the novel. Let's listen to the message.
STUDENT MESSAGE
On May 7, 1926, guests knocked at Bulgakov's apartment ... with a search. The owner of the apartment was not at home, the guests were silent until the arrival of the owner, and then they got down to business: they did not stand on ceremony, turned the chairs over, pricked them with some kind of long knitting needle.
From that time on, Bulgakov was placed under supervision: both over his life and over his work. . During the search, the following works were seized: "Heart of a Dog" and "My Diary". The writer appeals to the Council of People's Commissars with applications for the return of his manuscripts, ... but months, years fly by, his noose, the state noose, are overwhelmed more and more, and the more insistentlyresists writer, the tighter it drags on.
On October 3, 1929, the manuscripts were finally given to him. Bulgakov destroyed his diary, but first cut out four tiny fragments from it with scissors... But the manuscript did not disappear, a copy of it was kept there... in the OGPU.
By this time, all talented, extraordinary writers had already received labels. Bulgakov was relegated to the extreme flank, called "internal emigrant", "an accomplice of the enemy ideology". And now it was no longer just about literary reputation, but about the whole fate and life. He rejected humiliating complaints and wrote a letter to the government of the USSR. He wrote that he was not going to create a communist play and repent. He spoke of his right as a writer to think and see in his own way. He asked for a job.
In July 1929, Bulgakov writes in a letter to Stalin:“This year marks 10 years since I began to engage in literary work in the USSR ... But the more famous my name became in the USSR and abroad, the more furious the press reviews became, which finally took on the character of violent abuse.
By the end of the 10th year, my strength broke down, not being able to exist anymore, hunted, knowing that I can no longer be published or staged within the USSR, driven to a nervous breakdown, I turn to you and ask for your petition to the Government of the USSR for expulsion me outside the USSR together with my wife, who joins this petition.
Poverty, obscurity in Moscow, public alienation, and then a severe incurable illness - this is the atmosphere in which Bulgakov creates his novel.
MESSAGE STUDENT
SLIDE 4
HISTORY OF CREATING THE NOVEL.
Bulgakov dated the start of work on The Master and Margarita in various manuscripts either 1928 or 1929.
. In the first edition, the novel had variants of the names "Black Magician", "Engineer's Hoof", "Juggler with a Hoof", "V.'s Son", "Tour". It was an expanded diaboliad, where the action was concentrated around Woland's Moscow adventures. andThe first edition of "Master Margarita" was destroyed by the author on March 18, 1930
after receiving the news about the ban on the play "The Cabal of the Saints". Bulgakov reported this in a letter to the government: “And personally, with my own hands, I threw a draft of a novel about the devil into the stove ...”
Work on The Master and Margarita resumed in 1931
. Rough drafts were made for the novel, andMargarita and her unnamed companion, called Faust, have already figured here, and in the final text - the Master,aWoland got his violent retinue
. The second edition was subtitled "Fantastic Novel" and variant titles "The Great Chancellor", "Satan", "Here I am", "The Black Magician", "The Hoof of the Consultant".
In the second half of 1936, Bulgakov wrote new versions of the first five chapters. Thus, work began on the third edition of the novel.which was originally called "prince of darkness
", but it's goodin 1937
now knowntitled The Master and Margarita
". In May– June 1938 the full text was reprinted for the first time. The epilogue was written by M. Bulgakov on May 14, 1939
a.
Mikhail Afanasyevich was very strict about what he wrote. On one of the manuscripts, he made a note: "Don't die until I'm done." Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova recalled:“When, at the end of his illness, he had already almost lost his speech, sometimes only the ends of words or the beginnings of words came out of him. There was a case when I was sitting next to him, as always, on a pillow on the floor, near the head of his bed, he let me know that he needed something, that he wanted something from me. I offered him medicine, drink, but I clearly understood that this was not the point. Then I guessed and asked: “Your things?” He nodded with an air of yes and no. I said: “Masters and Margarita?” He, terribly delighted, made a sign with his head that "yes, it is." And squeezed out two words: "To know, to know."
Bulgakov wrote The Master and Margarita in total. 12 years
The novel by Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" was not completed and was published during his lifetime. By the fact that this greatest literary work has reached the reader, weowe to the writer's wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova, who in the difficult Stalinist timesmanaged to save the manuscript novel. She became her husband's guardian angel, never once doubted him, supported his talent with her faith. She recalled: “Mikhail Afanasyevich once told me:“The whole world was against me - and I alone. Now we are together, and I'm not afraid of anything. To her dying husband, she vowed to print the novel. Tried to do it 6 or 7 times - without success. But the strength of her loyalty overcame all obstacles. 26 years after Bulgakov's deathin 1966 inmagazine "Moscow" the novel was published, however, in an abbreviated version (a total of 159 text removals were made). In the same year in Paris, the novel was printed in full and immediately translated into many European languages. In the homeland of Bulgakovthe full text of The Master and Margarita appeared only in 1973 year.
SLIDE 5 ( name options)
Let's watch a fragment from the film "The Master and Margarita" Did you recognize the characters?
CONVERSATION
teacher's word
Teacher: 12 years of hard work and disappointments, 8 editions of the novel, almost 50 years of oblivion. This "impossible" novel. Let's try to figure it out. Let's start with the definition of the genre, about which there is still controversy. Let's start by defining the genre. That this is a novel, I think, no one doubts. Let's remember the definition
»
SLIDE 6 Genre
Definition of novel genre
Roman (from French - roman) - a genre of narrative literature that reveals the history of several, sometimes many human destinies over a long period of time, sometimes for entire generations. A specific feature of the novel in its classical form is the ramification of the plot, reflecting the complexity of relations in society, depicting a person in the system of his social ties, character - in the conditionality of the environment. Thus, the novel is a genre that allows you to convey the most profound and complex processes of life.
Students provide evidence. What signs of a novel can you name?
Slide 7 signs of a romance
1. Many heroes
2. Action for a long time
3. Transferring the action to different places
4. Multiple storylines
4 storylines :
philosophical - Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri
Lyubovna I am Master and Margarita
mystical - Woland and his retinue
satirical– Moscow and Muscovites.
teacher's word
we have a novel. But after all, novels are different: historical, adventure, science fiction, etc., it all depends on the subject or ideological and emotional assessment.What definition would you give to Bulgakov's novel? Let's express our opinions and try to argue them. Pay attention to storylines
STUDENT ANSWERS
Love (story
Mystical
Fantastic Give examples
Household (paintings
Philosophical
Autobiographical
teacher's word
In critical literature, there is a set of such definitions of this work:novel-myth, novel-mystery, novel-utopia, novel-parable, adventure, historical, philosophical, satirical ... and in the drafts of the novel there is a note written by M. Bulgakov "fantastic novel"That. questionabout genre nature novelstill not resolved yet. It is impossible to give an unambiguous definition of this novel, because thismulti-genre novel .
But the mostits striking feature is, of course, hiscomposition .
Now let's remember the definition of composition. What is composition?
SLIDE 8
DefinitionComposition 7 ( from lat. compositio - compilation, connection, connection) - the construction, arrangement and interconnection of all parts, images, episodes, scenes of a work.
Student message. Features of the composition of the novel.
Student message. Features of the composition of the novel
Composition of the novel as original as the genre - a novel within a novel. One about the fate of the Master, the other about Pontius Pilate. On the one hand, they are opposed to each other, on the other hand, they seem to form a single whole.This novel within a novel collects global problems and contradictions. The masters are concerned with the same problems as Pontius Pilate. At the end of the novel, you can see how Moscow connects with Yershalaim; that is, one novel is combined with another and goes into one storyline.
Reading the work, we are immediatelyin two dimensions: the 30th years of the 20th century and the 30th years of the 1st century AD . We see that the events took place in the same month and a few days before Easter, only with an interval of 1900 years, which proves a deep connection between the Moscow and Yershalaim chapters.
The actions of the novel, which are separated by almost two thousand years, are in harmony with each other, and they are connected by the struggle against evil, the search for truth and creativity. AndHowever, the main character of the novel is love. . Love is what captivates the reader. In general, the theme of love is the most beloved for the writer. According to the author, all the happiness that has fallen in a person's life comes from their love. Love elevates a person above the world, comprehends the spiritual. Such is the feeling of the Master and Margarita. That is why the author included these names in the title. Margarita completely surrenders to love, and for the sake of saving the Master, she sells her soul to the devil, taking on a huge sin. Nevertheless, the author makes her the most positive heroine of the novel and takes her side himself.
There are three storylines in the novel: philosophical - Yeshua and Pontius Pilatelove - The Master and Margarita,mystical and satirical - Woland, all his retinue and Muscovites. These lines are closely connected with Woland's image. He feels free both in the biblical and in the contemporary writer's time.
Composition of the novel "The Master and Margarita"and its features are due to non-standard methods of the author such as creating one work within another. Instead of the usual classical chain - composition - plot - climax - denouement, we see the interweaving of these stages, as well as their doubling.The plot of the novel : meeting between Berlioz and Woland, their conversation. This happens in the 30s of the XIX century. Woland's story also takes the reader back to the thirties, but two millennia ago. And here begins the second plot - the novel about Pilate and Yeshua.
Next comes the tie. These are tricks of Voladn and his company in Moscow. From here the satirical line of the work also originates. A second novel is also developing in parallel.The climax of the master's novel - the execution of Yeshua, the climax of the story about the master, Margaret and Woland - the visit of Levi Matthew.Interesting denouement : in it both novels are combined into one. Woland and his retinue are taking Margarita and the Master to another world to reward them with peace and quiet. Along the way, they see the eternal wanderer Pontius Pilate. "Free! He is waiting for you!" - with this phrase, the master releases the procurator and completes his novel.
Another feature of this work is that it is autobiographical. In the image of the Master, we recognize Bulgakov himself, and in the image of Margarita - hisfavorite a woman, his wife Elena Sergeevna. This is probably why we perceive the heroes as real personalities. We sympathize with them, we worry, we put ourselves in their place. The reader seems to move along the artistic ladder of the work, improving along with the characters.
Teacher's word. Generalization
So what iscomposition of the novel "The Master and Margarita"? (A novel in a novel: Bulgakov writes a novel about the Master, and the Master writes about Pontius Pilate)
Which chapters talk about Pontius Pilate ?
STUDENT ANSWERS (work with text)
Chapter 2 Chapter 16 Chapter 19
teacher's word
You probably noticed that
The chapters of the inserted novel about one day of the Roman procurator do not follow one after another, but are dispersed in the main narrative.
To tie everything together, M.A. Bulgakov uses a special compositional technique -“ braces ”, repetitive sentences that end one chapter and begin the next( give examples of clips from the text).
STUDENTS GIVE EXAMPLES FROM THE TEXT
Novelswritten by different people , Consequently,they are also opposed in the manner of narration.
The story of the events that took place in Yershalaim , coldobjective, tragically tense andimpersonal. The author does not make any statements about himself. - neitherappeals and to the readerno expression of opinion about what is happening.
Quite different writtena novel about a master , Woland, Muscovites . He's markedpersonalized personality of the author who turned his whole story to the reader. Thisthe author expresses his attitude to the events and heroes: sympathy, joy, grief, indignation.
The result of the lesson. Generalization genre and composition, time of action and system of images
SLIDES 8,9, 10
1 When was the novel The Master and Margarita published in our country?1973
2 What is its genre identity?multi-genres
3 What is interesting about the composition of the novel?Roman within a novel
Researchers have repeatedly noted that "The Master and Margarita" -double romance . It consists of the master's novel about Pontius Pilate and a novel about the fate of the master himself. These novels are:opposed to each other , and secondly, they form suchorganic unity , which takes The Master and Margarita out of the novel genre. This work is not dedicated to the fate of an individual, family, or group of people, butconsiders the fate of all mankind in its historical development , the fate of the human personality as a component of humanity.
Teacher's word. Summarizing what was said in today's lesson , I want to say again that Bulgakov's work is unusual both in genre and in composition. I think that you were able to verify this today. But we have just begun to study the novel, and many more amazing discoveries await us ahead.
Novelbecame a classic of world literature , withstoodmulti-million circulation here and abroad.Translated into many languages of Europe, America and Asia. many timesstaged and filmed. On its plot created musical works , operas, ballets, musicals. Let's listen to the song.
A. Rosenbaum's song "The Master and Margarita" with a video sequence
Teacher's word. slide 11
I want to end the lesson with these words:Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is a great book, because great ideas are expressed in it: about the greatness of a person and about the immorality of power as a manifestation of violence against a person; about the beauty of love and people capable of love; about compassion and mercy, courage and fidelity to one’s calling as the highest human qualities, about the inseparability of good and evil, life and death…
Such manuscripts really do not burn!..
Evidence of this is the most famous quotes that have become aphorisms.
Slides 12-19
INSTRUCTION
Homework.
TEST
What languages did Yeshua Ga-Nozri speak?
How did Matthew Levi want to relieve Yeshua's suffering?
What did the procurator hate the most?
Name of Pontius Pilate's dog.
Where did Matthew Levi get a knife?
How was Pontius Pilate punished for his weakness?
What were the last words of Yeshua?
What was the procurator's nickname?
Name the heroes
A) "Oh, I'm stupid! he muttered, swaying on a stone in mental pain and scratching his swarthy chest with his nails, “a fool, an unreasonable woman, a coward!” I am a carrion, not a man!”
B) This man was dressed in an old and torn blue tunic. His head was covered with a white bandage with a strap around his forehead, and his hands were tied behind his back.
C) “The swollen eyelid rose, covered with a haze of suffering
stared at the prisoner. The other eye remained closed…”
CONTENT TEST
Name and surname of the poet Homeless?
Who, according to Koroviev and Behemoth, did not need any certificate to make sure that he was a writer?
How many languages, besides his native, did the Master know?
What words ended the Master's novel?
What was the name of the ball that Messire gave every year?
At what moment during the nighttime conversation between Rimsky and Varenukha did Rimsky become seized with desperate fear?
What was Margarita supposed to shout as she flew over the gate?
What is the name of the woman who spilled oil near the tram tracks?
Who was the Master of Education?
What did Woland drink at the ball?
4. Woland suite.
Homework.
2. Answer the test questions on the content of these chapters
TEST
1. What languages did Yeshua Ga-Nozri speak?
2. How did Matthew Levi want to relieve Yeshua's suffering?
3. What did the procurator hate the most?
4. The name of the dog Pontius Pilate.
5. Where did Matthew Levi get a knife?
6. How was Pontius Pilate punished for his weakness?
7. What were the last words of Yeshua?
8. What nickname did the procurator have?
9. Name the heroes
2. Answer the test questions on the content of these chapters
CONTENT TEST
1. The name of the poet Homeless?
2. Who, according to Koroviev and Behemoth, did not need any certificate to make sure that he was a writer?
3.. How many languages, besides the native, did the Master know?
4. What words did the Master's novel end with?
Why did Margarita go outside with yellow flowers that day?
5. What was the name of the ball that Messir gave every year?
6. At what moment during the night conversation between Rimsky and Varenukha did Rimsky become seized with desperate fear?
7. What was Margarita supposed to shout, flying over the gate?
8. What is the name of the woman who spilled oil near the tram tracks?
9. Who was the Master in education?
10. What did Woland drink at the ball?
Problems of the novel.
Man and power.
Mercy and forgiveness.
The fight between good and evil.
What is truth?
Loyalty and betrayal.
Inner freedom and non-freedom of a person
STUDENT ANSWERS
1. Love (story relationship between the Master and Margarita)
2.Mystical (Woland and his retinue, Satan's ball)
4. Household (paintings Moscow life 20-30 years)
5. Philosophical (eternal topics are raised: good and evil, truth and lies, loyalty and betrayal, responsibility for one's actions, etc.)
6. Autobiographical (Atmosphere of harassment, lack of livelihood, complete renunciation of literary and social life, constant expectation of arrest, denunciation articles, devotion and selflessness of the beloved woman.)
STUDENT ANSWERS (work with text)
Chapter 2 "Pontius Pilate" (Woland tells Berlioz and Homeless).Chapter 16 "Execution" (A homeless man saw in a dream in a lunatic asylum)Chapter 19 - Azazello reads an excerpt from the manuscript.Chapter 25, Chapter 26 "Burial", Chapter 27- Margarita reads the resurrected manuscripts in the basement.
Examples of fantasy and mysticism in the novel
1. Resettlement of Stepan Likhodeev.
2. Fantastic events in Variety: rain of money falling on the audience; trick with a Parisian fashion store that appeared out of nowhere.
3. Azazello's magic cream endowed Margarita not only with wonderful beauty, she became invisible.
4. Woland suite.
5. The pursuit of the Homeless, taking place with fantastic speed, for evil spirits.
WHAT DEFINITION WOULD YOU GIVE A NOVEL?
STUDENT ANSWERS
1. Love (story relationship between the Master and Margarita)
2.Mystical (Woland and his retinue, Satan's ball)
3. Fantastic Give examples
4. Household (paintings Moscow life 20-30 years)
5. Philosophical (eternal topics are raised: good and evil, truth and lies, loyalty and betrayal, responsibility for one's actions, etc.)
6. Autobiographical (Atmosphere of harassment, lack of livelihood, complete renunciation of literary and social life, constant expectation of arrest, denunciation articles, devotion and selflessness of the beloved woman.)
Which chapters talk about Pontius Pilate?
STUDENT ANSWERS (work with text)
Chapter 2 "Pontius Pilate" (Woland tells Berlioz and Homeless).Chapter 16 "Execution" (A homeless man saw in a dream in a lunatic asylum)Chapter 19 - Azazello reads an excerpt from the manuscript.Chapter 25, Chapter 26 "Burial", Chapter 27- Margarita reads the resurrected manuscripts in the basement.
Examples of fantasy and mysticism in the novel
1. Resettlement of Stepan Likhodeev.
2. Fantastic events in Variety: rain of money falling on the audience; trick with a Parisian fashion store that appeared out of nowhere.
3. Azazello's magic cream endowed Margarita not only with wonderful beauty, she became invisible.
4. Woland suite.
5. The pursuit of evil spirits that takes place with the fantastic speed of the Homeless.
6. Margarita's flight to the witches' sabbath.
