“Argumentation. Attracting literary material” is one of the main criteria for evaluating the final essay. Competently using literary sources, the student demonstrates his erudition and deep understanding of the problem. At the same time, it is important not only to give a link to the work, but also to skillfully include it in the discussion by analyzing specific episodes that correspond to the chosen topic. How to do it? We offer you, as an example, arguments from the literature in the direction of "Indifference and responsiveness" from 10 well-known works.
In today's work, we will present arguments for the problem of gratitude. As you know, essays on the unified state exam are written according to a special algorithm. The more you cover the topic, the more points you can get.
What are the most common topics? This is the problem of love for mother and motherland, inhumanity, nobility, inner culture of a person and, of course, the problem of gratitude. Examples in the essay must be cited from literature, cinema or life. Now we will simplify the task for you and describe in detail some of them.
In the article we will consider the problem of gratitude. An essay on a unified state exam should begin with a reference to the words of the author, because we write creative work from an excerpt where some problems are clearly visible.
In tickets for the unified state exam, this topic is often touched upon by I. Ilyin. You can start your essay like this: the problem is touched upon by the well-known critic I. Ilyin. Next, you need to express your thoughts on the problem. Example: gratitude is an incredible feeling that is inherent in all living beings of our planet ... In our creative work, the problem of gratitude is touched upon, it is definitely worth giving the most revealing of its essence.
After you have reflected your point of view on this one, you need to write one short paragraph, where you explain whether you agree with the author or not and why. Below you will see an example of this paragraph. I fully agree with the author, the feeling of gratitude gives people joy and love. The latter are our passing tickets to a brighter future. Surely, each of us aspires to go there. It is unfortunate that not all people are able to experience this feeling.
Only after these words it is necessary to proceed to the arguments of the problem of gratitude.
A good and striking example is the work of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin, which is called "French Lessons". The main character is a kind, sympathetic, compassionate and disinterested person Lidia Mikhailovna, who in every way helps her student to survive the terrible hungry times.
An English teacher invents more and more new ways to help a fifth grader. An attempt to send a package of groceries was unsuccessful, because the boy rejected her help. Then the inventive Lydia Mikhailovna offers to play an invented game for money, which is called "zameryashki". The boy thinks that the game is an honest way to earn money and agrees with the teacher's proposal.
Upon learning of this incident, the school principal fires the English teacher. Only the whole problem lies in the fact that he did not understand the reason for such an act by Lydia Mikhailovna.
After this incident, the woman goes to her homeland, but her feelings for the boy are so deep that she seeks to help him, even being many kilometers away from him. This is a very powerful argument for the problem of gratitude. The boy will remember these lessons of kindness and his teacher for the rest of his life. Lidia Mikhailovna experiences only positive feelings and never blames the boy for losing her job. In the package she sent to a student from the Kuban, there were apples that the boy saw only in pictures in books.
The argument for the problem of gratitude can be cited from Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter. This work describes the events taking place at the time of the uprising of E. Pugachev. In the story, we see gestures of gratitude from two characters at once. Let's start from the very beginning.
The protagonist (Peter) goes to the place of service, accompanied by Savelich. On their way there is a strong snowstorm, as a result of this incident, the heroes go astray. Then a man comes to their aid, who simply shows them the way. Grinev was very happy with the help and wanted to thank the peasant, then Peter decides to give him his hare sheepskin coat.
The same man who once directed Grinev in the direction he needed is Pugachev. Further in the novel there is a scene of the capture of the Belogorodskaya fortress, where Pugachev recognizes Peter and gives him life, canceling the death sentence. What prompted him to do this act? Of course, thanks to the main character for the service provided by Grinev to Rasputin, who at that moment was on the run from "his ailments."
Despite the fact that Pugachev made him such as saving his life, he offered to enter his service. Even after the refusal, he does not let the hero go empty-handed, but gives him a horse, a nag and a fur coat. Pugachev is an ambiguous person who is capable of noble deeds.
You can bring a rather striking argument even from feature films. For example, the film "For My Name" very well illuminates the essence of the problem. It is worth noting that even children are capable of such an incredible feeling. The main character Anya is grateful to the clergyman for giving her this name. She completely trusts this person and reveals all her innermost secrets.
Now almost everyone is concerned about material wealth and no one wants to spend mental and physical strength on something that will not bring them profit.
In the section on the question Give an example of selflessness. In my opinion, there is none. set by author User deleted best answer is Mother's love for her child!
In procreation, if you don’t rely on children in the future
When a person asks such a question, there is a particle of disinterestedness inside him))) It is commendable.)) But it can be expressed in different ways.))
You are right, there are no selfless acts. Everyone gets some benefit from it. In the TV series "Friends" an entire series was devoted to this issue.
So I disinterestedly gave my grandmother 10 rubles in the market. because she thought she needed them more. What is my self-interest, I will never see her again. If only in the needs of my conscience to do good
I won't, because I agree with you. We are all selfish, looking for self-interest, both material and moral.)
In the service of my friends - officers of the fleet. I don’t know how many, but those people I’m talking about serve our common, alas, ungrateful Motherland (each of them has different talents and education).
yes no happens and very often charity is anonymous. .mother's love is disinterested (a glass of water)... .But at the same time, it is a well-known fact that people are driven by vanity and a thirst for money, or the fear of losing them.
Probably, many people think about what altruism is, although they often heard this word. And also, for sure, many saw people who helped others, even sometimes risking their lives, but did not know how to call such people. Now you will understand how these concepts are related to each other.
There are many definitions of the word "altruism", but there is one common feature that different sources agree on, even Wikipedia, altruism is associated with selfless concern for other people. The word "selflessness" is also very suitable, because a person who is an altruist does not expect any rewards, benefits, he does things without wanting anything in return. The opposite of altruism, that is, the antonym, is the concept of "egoism", and if egoists are considered not the best people, then altruists, as a rule, are respected and they often want to take an example from them.
Psychology gives such a definition of what altruism is - this is such a principle of personal behavior, thanks to which a person performs actions or deeds related to the well-being of other people. The French sociologist Comte was the first to introduce this concept, by which he understood disinterested, expecting nothing in return, motivations of a person who are beneficial only for other people, and not for this person himself.
There are several types of altruism:
There are many examples of altruism. For example, such heroic deeds are often heard when a soldier lay down on a mine to save his other soldiers, there were many such cases during World War II. Very often, an example of altruism is caring for their sick loved ones, when a person spends his time, money and attention, realizing that he will receive nothing in return. An example of altruism is the mother of a child with disabilities, who helps her child all her life, pays for expensive treatment, takes him to special teachers, and at the same time does not expect anything in return.
In fact, there are a lot of examples of altruism in everyday life, you just need to look around and see a lot of kind and selfless deeds. For example, subbotniks, donation, charitable assistance, helping orphans or people with fatal diseases - all this can be called altruism. Mentoring is also an example of altruism, that is, when a more experienced master transfers his knowledge to a younger student completely free of charge and out of good intentions.
Of course, an altruist has many qualities, only the main ones are listed here. All these qualities can and should be developed, we need to help others more often, help people with the help of charitable programs and foundations, and you can also do volunteer work.
There are many advantages to this behavior and it is not difficult to guess what they are. First of all, of course, moral satisfaction from their actions. By doing selfless good deeds, we bring goodness into the world. Very often people do good deeds after they have done something bad, so they kind of want to make amends for themselves. Of course, thanks to altruistic behavior, we acquire a certain status in society, they begin to treat us better, they respect us, and they want to imitate us.
But altruism also has its downsides. It happens that you can overdo it and even harm yourself. If a person is very kind, people around him can use him for their not always good intentions. In general, when doing good deeds, one must remain very careful not to make things worse for oneself and one's loved ones.
Now you know what altruism is, the definition of altruism in psychology and examples of altruism. It involves good and selfless deeds, and to be an altruist, it is not necessary to be rich, have some kind of fame or know a lot about psychology. Sometimes simple attention, support, care, or even a kind word can help. By doing more and more good deeds, over time you will understand how good your heart has become, how you have changed and the attitude of those around you has changed.
Hello dear friends and guests of my blog! Today I will touch on the topic - altruism, talk about the meaning of this word and give examples. An altruist is a person who acts selflessly without expecting anything in return. It seems to me that now this is very relevant, and our society needs to awaken these wonderful qualities in itself. I hope my article will help you with this.
The word altruist is completely opposite in meaning to the word egoist. That is, this is a person who cares about others, performs deeds and deeds that benefit society, even to the detriment of himself. This concept was introduced by the French sociologist Auguste Comte. In his opinion, the main principle of altruism is to live for others. Of course, I don’t really like the word damage, since disinterestedness, it’s still not to act out of inferiority, but most likely out of abundance. This abundance is not necessarily manifested in some material wealth of a person, rather it is an abundance of the soul and heart. In an article on compassion, I have already touched on this topic a bit.
The characteristic qualities of an altruistic personality are kindness, responsiveness, empathy, activity, compassion. People who are prone to altruism have a well-functioning heart chakra. Outwardly, they can be recognized by their eyes, which radiate a warm radiance. As a rule, altruistic individuals are optimists. Instead of wasting time depressing and complaining about the world, they just make it a better place.
Properties of altruistic deeds may differ in different sexes. As a rule, in women they have a longer duration. For example, they often put an end to their careers for the benefit of their families. And men, on the contrary, are characterized by momentary heroic impulses: to pull a person out of a fire, to throw himself on an embrasure. As during the Great Patriotic War, Alexander Matrosov and many other unknown heroes did this.
The desire to help others is inherent in all living beings. This is true even for animals. For example, dolphins help their wounded brethren stay afloat, they can swim for long hours under the sick, pushing him to the surface so that he can breathe. Cats, dogs, foxes, walruses take care of orphaned cubs as if they were their own.
Also, altruism can include volunteering, donation, mentoring (only on condition that the teacher does not charge a fixed fee for this).
Some altruistic acts are so powerful in their depth that they go down in history for a long time. So, during the Second World War, the German industrialist Oskar Schindler became famous throughout the world for saving about 1,000 Jews who worked at his factory from death. Schindler was not a righteous man, but in saving his workers, he made many sacrifices: he spent a lot of money to pay off officials, he risked going to jail. In honor of him, a book was written and the film "Schindrer's List" was shot. Of course, he could not have known that this would bring glory to him, so this act can be considered truly altruistic.
The real altruists include the Russian doctor Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz. He devoted his life to serving humanity, for which he was called the "holy doctor." Fyodor Petrovich helped poor people with medicines, mitigated the fate of prisoners and exiles. His favorite words, which can be made a motto for altruists, are: “Hurry up to do good! Know how to forgive, desire reconciliation, overcome evil with good. Try to raise the fallen, soften the embittered, correct the morally destroyed.
Famous altruists include any spiritual teachers and mentors (Christ, Buddha, Prabhupada, etc.) who help people become better. They give their time, energy, and sometimes their lives, without demanding anything in return.
The best reward for them can be that the students accepted the knowledge and embarked on the path of spiritual development.
As I have already said, in our souls there is a natural desire to take care of the world around us and people, because we are all interconnected. But sometimes the mind takes precedence over the impulses of the heart. In such cases, selfishness and concern only for one's own good wake up in a person.
I'll give you an example. A young girl takes care of a sick elderly man, only because after that he will write his house to her. Can this be called an altruistic act? Of course not, because the original goal pursued by this girl is not helping a person, but the immediate benefit after that.
Increasingly, good deeds (disinterested at first glance) are performed in order to increase one's reputation. World stars without exception engaged in charity and other philanthropic activities. This motif is called the "potlatch effect", in honor of the Indian ceremony of demonstrative exchange of gifts. When sharp feuds arose between the tribes, a struggle for authority began, but it was an unusual battle. Each leader of the tribe arranged a feast, to which he called his enemies. He generously treated them and presented expensive gifts. Thus, they showed their power and wealth.
The most common motive for altruistic acts is sympathy. It is more pleasant for people to help those they like, their friends and loved ones. In some ways, this motive intersects with self-promotion, because one of its goals is to arouse the respect of people dear to us. But still there is a significant difference, because there is love for neighbors.
Some people devote their whole lives to altruistic deeds and service to society, while not experiencing inner satisfaction and harmony. The reason for this is inner emptiness, so a person throws all his strength into saving other people's souls so as not to hear a cry for help from his own.
Let's consider such a situation. A man on crutches walks beside you and drops his glasses. What will you do? I'm sure you'll pick them up and give them to him without the thought that he should do something nice for you in return. But imagine that he silently takes his glasses and, without saying a word of gratitude, turns around and leaves. What will you feel? That you were not appreciated and all people are ungrateful? If this is so, then it does not smell like true altruism. But if, no matter what, this act warms your soul, then this is sincere altruism, and not a manifestation of banal politeness.
A real altruist does not seek material gain (glory, honor, respect), his goal is much higher. By providing selfless help to others, our soul becomes purer and brighter, and, accordingly, the whole world becomes a little better, because everything in it is interconnected.
In order for selfish, selfish people not to “sat on the head” of an altruist, it is necessary to develop awareness in oneself. Then you will be able to distinguish between those who really need help and those who are just trying to use you.
In conclusion, I want to tell you a story from the ancient Vedic scriptures, which illustrates the manifestation of real altruism and selflessness. Watch the video.
Ruslan Tsvirkun wrote for you. I wish you spiritual growth and development. Help your friends with this and share useful information with them. If you have any clarifying questions, do not hesitate to ask, I will be happy to answer them.
Thanks for the interesting and detailed article. I was looking for material on this topic for an essay. There are really no examples on the Internet, everywhere only about Mother Teresa and about a wife who lives with an alcoholic, although this example can hardly be called altruism.
Glad the article was helpful.
That's who I am. And everyone says: you are either a fool or a saint :-/ Thanks for the article)
Ruslan, thanks for the article. The topic is really interesting.
Much has been written and said about altruism. In general terms, altruism is the desire and willingness to help someone in need without asking for anything in return.
Now you can often hear the saying from people: "Do not do good, you will not receive evil." I have thought about it a lot, read and listened.
The first thing I came up with is what you describe in the article. Kindness should be disinterested, sincere, coming from the heart. When doing actions, do not become attached to their fruits.
And the second - you need to follow the rule of true altruism (it turns out that altruism can also be false).
True altruism has three fundamental components.
1. Having a request for help.
Sometimes, it just seems to us that a person needs help, and by imposing ourselves with our help, we interfere with him in the implementation of some of his plans.
2. Having a desire to help.
It happens that a person once asked for help, a second, a third, and has simply become insolent. We see that he is just lazy. And we no longer want to help him. In other words, we are not given energy from above, since our help will lead the one asking to degradation. This is a disservice.
3. Availability of opportunities to provide assistance.
It means to help out of abundance, not to the detriment.
All these three points must be taken into account in the aggregate, otherwise the proverb "Do not do good, you will not receive evil" will still work.
And always, if you want to help others, you need to take into account the time, place, circumstances, showing common sense.
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Selflessness is the ability of a person to perform actions that bring benefits (material or psychological) to others, without expecting mutual gratitude, compensation or other benefits from what is done. Unselfishness as a quality of a personality puts the personality itself among the very last points of the priority scale, being anti-striving, anti-possession, anti-measurement. In disinterestedness, there is no expectation of benefits and calculation of the resources spent (neither money spent, nor sleepless nights are important).
The manifestation of selflessness is compared with the manifestation of inner freedom in the maximum version, where actions are performed not for the sake of mercantile prudence and not for the sake of a great good idea, but are simply performed in the present (without authorities, looking to the future and prerequisites, but guided by the desire to improve the lives of others).
Selflessness as a quality of a person reflects the highest value motives, not obeying external or social principles, since any concept requires the expectation of a certain outcome and divides the world according to the worthiness of actions, and in selfless manifestations there is no scale for assessing the consequences for oneself. There is only an estimate of how the world, well-being or mood of another can be improved at this moment, even if gratitude comes from outside or personal losses follow for the good brought.
Selflessness, being an intrapersonal quality, has its external manifestation and realization in an effective sphere, where, being kind to others, there is no expectation of personal bonuses and benefits in return. Unselfishness is alien not only to the desire for tangible benefits, but also to the desire for self-promotion or building a certain image with the help of actions. The actions performed must be evaluated as if no one will ever know about them, and the performer will remain behind the curtain of secrecy forever, i.e. all that a person can get from selfless motives is to enjoy watching the brought happiness, and even then not always, because often the joy of accomplishment is hidden.
Often people deceive themselves, considering their own actions to be selfless, but if you analyze the motivation and the situation more deeply, it may turn out that the actions were performed in order to ingratiate themselves, get praise or earn the support of a person in the future (to be good and useful now, so that later enjoy the fruits of a good relationship in the future).
Love and friendship imply selflessness as an integral part of building such relationships. It may look like rash acts, but aimed at the benefit of another. Selling a car to pay for a friend’s operation, putting in place a boss who insults a girl are examples of serious and noticeable reactions, but there are more vital and prosaic, filled with disinterestedness, when a person leaves reading his favorite book and goes to help open a jar, when he hurries home and cooks delicious dinner for the second tired person (if behind these actions there are no thoughts about one’s own benefit and comparison of how best to spend time, then these are examples of how friendship gives birth to disinterestedness).
Why do they talk so much about selflessness and strive to develop it, if there is no practical benefit, only costs? It would seem that evolutionarily this type of behavior should have been fixed as negative and gradually exterminated from human behavior, but the whole difficulty lies in the fact that selflessness affects higher spheres of human existence than the physiological level at which evolutionary instincts operate. Being at the level of high spiritual development, selflessness does not affect the material spheres (unselfishness is hardly possible in times of complex hierarchy and a fight for a piece of meat), being located at the level of the spirit. At this spiritual level, the happiness experienced from a perfect selfless deed overshadows any physical pleasures in its sensations, since it represents a more qualitative and subtle filling of the entire human being.
Once immersed in this feeling, the idea of spiritual life changes, values are reassessed, priorities are re-set, and the person himself is surprised at how useless and stupid things used to occupy leading positions in his worldview. Changes selfless behavior and the attitude of the world towards him. As long as we are guided by the laws of profit and personal self-interest, we tend to demand and pressure, manipulate and intimidate, and few people around us like such treatment.
A selfless person lives for the sake of others, without causing violence and without knocking out what is desired from people, his ability to give everything gives rise to reciprocal impulses in the surrounding reality, and people gladly help those who do not take care of themselves, fulfill the desires of those who do something for this, but at the same time helps to fulfill the dreams of others.
People around read the motivation of our actions and try to shun those who seek profit, while those who live for others are more drawn to. It may seem that, being disinterested, a person runs the risk of being surrounded by selfish people who seek to profit from this quality, but the mechanisms of the universe and human communication are arranged in such a way that more good returns. In an effort to repay sincere help, people build strong relationships and offer the best options to those who helped without imposing debt. Lightness and freedom are highly valued in relationships, many even try to pull through the most difficult problems alone, just not to be indebted to someone for help in resolving, and it is at this junction that real sincere relationships are born that do not require return, but rejoice in it.
Selflessness is a way of existence in a world where one's own life belongs not so much to the individual as to being and space. This is a philosophy of abandoning one's own needs with sensitivity to the needs of the environment, while there is no rigid separation and application of strong-willed efforts - everything happens independently and organically, since one's personality and the world around are perceived holistically and equally valuable.
For selflessness, there is no comparison, what would be better - eat dinner or help a friend in the garage, and if a friend calls, then you just need to get out. Following the requests of the outside world becomes an exciting adventure in understanding that we are all one with this world, and a friend’s working motorcycle is equal to the dinner eaten (at least in terms of replenishment of energy, and spiritual or material energy is a matter of recycling). This level of selfless behavior is usually achieved by going through a long spiritual path or a deep crisis, but some are simply born with a similar attitude, where service to others, without expectation of reward, is perceived as the highest freedom to manifest the power of one's own spirit.
It is possible to act disinterestedly on many levels: from unwillingness to act to the detriment of others, to conscious action in the direction of improving the life of another. To commit an act unselfishly means to commit it on the verge of self-denial, forgetting about the benefits, but at the same time feeling the joy of the freedom of one's own personality. The constant need for material wealth imposes many restrictions, as well as the resulting psychological traumas force people to act within the same scenarios in order to get what they have not received, and a selfless act gives a heady feeling of freedom to go beyond these restrictions.
Selflessness is love, without hope for reciprocity, friendship with those who are weaker and cannot help, doing good to those who continue to respond with evil or simply do not return. Selflessness is politeness in response to rudeness, it is helping people in difficult situations (acquaintances and passers-by), it is the rejection of praises and gifts for their actions.
And if there is an interest and a desire to develop this quality in oneself, then it is enough to look at people every day, wondering what can be done to make this person happy. Try small things, maybe not immediately make you happy, but start by helping to smile now or relieve suffering. It may turn out that it doesn’t take much - you need to hug someone, and give someone your jacket, but it’s important not to follow the logical view of an expert who takes inventory of someone else’s life (this way you risk giving people your projections), but to try to feel what is missing person actually. Secret - if you guessed right, then the person's eyes will light up with happiness.
Today we will talk about altruism. Where did this concept come from and what is hidden behind this word. Let us analyze the meaning of the expression "altruistic person" and characterize his behavior from the point of view of psychology. And then we will find the differences between altruism and egoism on the example of noble deeds from life.
The term is based on the Latin word "alter" - "other". In short, altruism is selfless help to others. A person who helps everyone, without pursuing some kind of benefit for himself, is called an altruist.
As the Scottish philosopher and economist of the late 18th century Adam Smith said: “However selfish a person may seem, certain laws are clearly laid down in his nature, forcing him to be interested in the fate of others and consider their happiness necessary for himself, although he himself does not receive anything from this, except for the pleasure of seeing that happiness."
Altruism is a human activity aimed at caring for another person, his well-being and satisfaction of his interests.
An altruist is a person whose moral concepts and behavior are based on solidarity and concern, first of all, for other people, for their well-being, observance of their desires and rendering assistance to them.
An individual can be called an altruist when, in his social interaction with others, there are no selfish thoughts about his own benefit.
There are 2 very important points: if a person is really disinterested and claims the right to be called an altruist, then he must be altruistic to the end: help and take care not only of his relatives, relatives and friends (which is his natural duty), but also provide assistance completely to strangers, regardless of their gender, race, age, official affiliation.
The second important point: to help without the expectation of gratitude and reciprocity. This is the fundamental difference between an altruist and an egoist: an altruistic person, while providing help, does not need and does not expect praise, gratitude, reciprocal favors in return, does not even allow the thought that he is now owed something. He is disgusted by the very idea that with his help he put a person in a dependent position from himself and can expect help or services in return, in accordance with the efforts and means spent! No, a true altruist helps disinterestedly, this is his joy and main goal. He does not refer to his actions as an "investment" in the future, does not mean that it will return to him, he simply gives without expecting anything in return.
In this context, it is good to give an example of mothers and their children. Some mothers give the child everything he needs: education, additional developmental activities that reveal the talents of the child - exactly what he likes HIMSELF, and not his parents; toys, clothes, travel, trips to the zoo and attractions, indulging in sweets on the weekends and soft, unobtrusive control. At the same time, they do not expect that the child, having become an adult, will give them money for all these entertainments? Or that he is obliged to be attached to his mother for the rest of his life, not to have a personal life, as she did not, being busy with a baby; spend all your money and time on it? No, such mothers do not expect this - they simply GIVE it, because they love and wish happiness to their baby, and then they never reproach their children for the money and effort spent.
There are other mothers. The set of entertainment is the same, but most often it is all imposed: additional activities, entertainment, clothes - not what the child wants, but what the parents choose for him and consider the best and necessary for him. No, it may be that at a young age the child himself is not able to adequately choose his own clothes and diet (remember how children love chips, popcorn, sweets in huge quantities and are ready to eat Coca-Cola and ice cream for weeks), but the point is different: parents treat their child as a profitable "investment".
When he grows up, phrases are addressed to him:
What do we see here? The key words are “pay for care” and “invested”.
Got it, what's the catch? In altruism there is no concept of "pride". An altruist, as we have already said, NEVER expects payment for his concern for another person and his good, for his good deeds. He never treats it as an "investment" with subsequent interest, he simply helps, while becoming better and improving himself.
As we have already said, altruism is an activity aimed at caring for the well-being of others.
What is selfishness? Selfishness is an activity aimed at caring for one's own well-being. We see here a quite obvious general concept: in both cases there is Activity. But as a result of this activity - the main difference between the concepts. which we are considering.
What is the difference between altruism and selfishness?
As an example of this thesis, we can cite the lines from the song "If Everyone Cared" by Nickelback:
If everyone cared and nobody cried
If everyone loved and nobody lied
If everyone shared and swallowed their pride
Then we'd see the day when nobody died
In a free translation, it can be rephrased as follows: “when everyone takes care of the other and will not be sad, when there will be love in the world and there will be no place for lies, when everyone is ashamed of his pride and learns to share with others – then we will see the day when people will be immortal »
The simplest and most striking example is a soldier who covered a mine with himself so that his comrades-in-arms would survive. There are many such examples in war periods, when, due to dangerous conditions and patriotism, almost everyone wakes up with a feeling of mutual assistance, self-sacrifice and camaraderie. A suitable thesis here can be cited from the popular novel "The Three Musketeers" by A. Dumas: "One for all and all for one."
Another example is the sacrifice of oneself, one's time and energy for the sake of caring for loved ones. The wife of an alcoholic or a disabled person who cannot take care of himself, the mother of an autistic child, forced to take him to speech therapists, psychologists, therapists all his life, care for and pay for his studies in a boarding school.
In everyday life, we encounter such manifestations of altruism as:
As we can see, all these qualities have a direction not “towards oneself”, but “away from oneself”, that is, to give, not to take. These qualities are much easier to develop in yourself than it seems at first glance.
We can become more altruistic if we do two simple things:
At the same time, there should be only one motive - disinterested help to others, without the desire for fame, money and raising one's status in the eyes of others.
Becoming altruists is easier than it seems. In my opinion, you just need to calm down. Stop chasing profit, fame and respect, calculate the benefits, stop evaluating the opinions of others about yourself and appease the desire to be liked by everyone.
After all, true happiness lies precisely in selfless help to others. As the saying goes, “What is the meaning of life? – in how many people you will help to become better.
Let us first recall the lexical meaning of these words.
Selfless- alien to selfish interests.self-interest- benefit, material benefit.
Mercy- willingness to help someone or forgive someone out of compassion, philanthropy.
benefactor- Someone who does charity work.
Charity- charity.
Charitable- 1.About actions, deeds: gratuitous and aimed at public benefit.2.Directed to provide material assistance to the poor.
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Before you is an interpretation of the event from the essay by D.A. GRANIN "MERCY". The author tells about an incident that happened to him. One day he fell and hurt himself badly. I barely made it to the nearest entrance, I was already in a state of shock. And yet I decided to go home. He was filled with a heightened expectation of help. But… no one helped. The writer's reasoning about this attitude of people led him to the conclusion that the level of our responsiveness has noticeably decreased. The author wanted to remember ... wartime, when "in a hungry trench life it was impossible to pass by at the sight of a wounded man." There were, of course, exceptions, but the author focuses on the main life rule of that time - mercy. The writer does not leave the question: what can be done so that mercy warms our lives. |
Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin (1919…) is a Russian writer and public figure.
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Nikolai Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovsky (1900-1981) - biologist, geneticist. Main areas of research: radiation genetics, population genetics, problems of microevolution.
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Interpretation of a fragment from the article by K.I. CHUKOVSKY "ANNA AKHMATOVA". K.I. Chukovsky knew A.A. Akhmatova since 1912. From the memoirs of this writer, we learn about her as a person who will help at any time, despite the fact that she herself often experienced life's difficulties. K.I. Chukovsky tells about an event that happened in 1920. There was a severe famine in Petrograd. One of the visiting friends left Akhmatova a large and beautiful tin containing a super-nutritious, super-vitamin concentrate made in England by Nestle. One small spoonful of this concentrate, diluted in boiled water, could be considered the most satisfying meal. One day, Akhmatova, seeing off the guests, did not regret at all, gave "Nestlé" to K.I. Chukovsky, telling him to take care of his wife. |
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Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969) - Russian Soviet poet, publicist, critic, translator and literary critic, children's writer.
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Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko); (1889-1966) - Russian poet, writer, literary critic, literary critic, translator; one of the most famous Russian poets of the twentieth century.
Known for its tragic fate. Although she herself was not imprisoned or exiled, three people close to her were subjected to repression. Her husband N.S. Gumilyov in 1010-1918, was shot in 1921. Nikolai Punin, her life partner in the 30s, was arrested three times, died in the camp in 1953. The only son Lev Gumilyov was imprisoned in 1930-1940s and 1940-1950s. The experience of the wife and mother of "enemies of the people" is reflected in one of the most famous works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem".
Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was subjected to silence, censorship and harassment (including the “personal” resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of 1946, which was not canceled during her lifetime). Many of her works were not published not only during the life of the author, but also for more than two decades after her death. At the same time, her name, right up to the end of her life, was surrounded by fame among a wide circle of admirers of poetry both in the USSR and in exile.
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Interpretation of a fragment from the book by A. SEDIKH "FAR, CLOSE". Russian composer Sergei Vasilievich RACHMANINOV… In A. Sedykh's book "Far, Close" the author shares his impressions of one episode from the life of this man, breaking the word he gave him. Once A. Sedykh wrote in one of the newspapers about a young woman who was in a difficult situation. The next day, Rachmaninoff sent a check for 3,000 francs. The only condition he set was that this was not reported in the newspaper and that no one, especially this woman, knew about his help. Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov was indeed disinterested, giving large donations to the disabled, to the starving in Russia, sending many parcels to old friends in Moscow and St. Petersburg, arranging an annual concert in Paris in favor of Russian students. |
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Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov (1873-1943) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor. In his work he synthesized the principles of the St. Petersburg and Moscow composer schools (as well as the traditions of Western European music) and created his own original style, which subsequently influenced both Russian and world music of the 20th century.
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Rimsky-Korsakov - Rachmaninov, Flight of the Bumblebee
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Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky (1855-1935) - writer, journalist, everyday writer of Moscow.
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“Moscow and Muscovites” is the main, most famous book by V.A. Gilyarovsky. It consists of various essays and has absorbed more than half a century of impressions about Moscow and its inhabitants.
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Sister of mercy of the nineteenth century. Vrevskaya Julia Petrovna (1838 or 1841 - 1878) - baroness. During the Russian-Turkish war, nurse of the field hospital of the Russian Red Cross. The active nature of Yulia Petrovna demanded more than court duties and social life. Vrevskaya amazed everyone who knew her with her erudition. In 1877 he decides to go to the active army. With the proceeds from the sale of the Oryol estate, he equips a sanitary detachment. Becomes an ordinary sister of mercy, performs the most difficult and dirty work. “The war near is terrible, how much grief, how many widows and orphans,” she writes to her homeland. While working at a front-line dressing station, Vrevskaya falls ill with a severe form of typhus. She was buried in the dress of a sister of mercy near an Orthodox church. |
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In the mid-70s of the 19th century, I.S. Turgenev was for some time carried away by Baroness Yulia Petrovna Vrevskaya. When they met, he was already fifty-five, she was thirty-three. She lost her husband-general early, he was free, rich and famous, charming. The Baroness is enchanted, in love and waiting for a mutual feeling. But, alas, she did not wait for this. Turgenev was already privy to the plans of Yu. Vrevskaya to go as a sister of mercy to the Russian-Turkish war. Upon learning of the death of Vrevskaya, Turgenev wrote with pain in his heart: “She received that martyr's crown, to which her soul aspired, greedy for sacrifice. Her death saddened me deeply… Her life is one of the saddest I know.” I.S. Turgenev dedicated the poem “In Memory of Yu. Vrevskaya” to her, the main motive of which is the motive of mercy, sacrifice for the salvation of others.
Let the events you read about worthy people help you think about the life around you.
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The problem of disinterested help (according to the story of Boris Ekimov "How to tell")
What are the origins of selflessness? Can you explain your need to selflessly help people? Boris Ekimov reflects on this in his work entitled "How to tell ...".
To draw our attention to the issues that concern him, he describes the annual trips of the hero of the story to the Don. Grigory tells his wife and factory friends that he is going to spring fishing, but in fact he is going to help the village aunt Varya, from whom he also hides the true reason for his arrival. Why is he doing this? Once Grigory saw how hard it was for an elderly woman to dig a garden, and since then for the fifth year he has been helping her plant potatoes and do some other housework. And although Aunt Varya is a completely stranger to him, and a sober voice stops: “You never know who suffers in this world,” “but the heart remembered, and did not want to forget Aunt Varya, and it ached for her.”
For the rest of his life he remembered a visit to the circus with a sailor and the pies of the controller Aunt Katya. Perhaps the memory of the actions of these people had such a beneficial effect on the formation of the character of the hero of the story? He does not tell anyone about the real purpose of his trips, all the time mentally repeating: "How to tell ...".
Grigory, dreaming of bringing his grown son to Aunt Varya to work, hopes that he will not have to explain anything: he will see and understand everything himself. After all, “it is necessary that he pity someone. Then there will be no violence."
The author of the story does not directly express his position, but we, the readers, understand it by analyzing the actions of the protagonist. Firstly, the writer, as it were, calls: sympathizing with a person, help him with deed and do not expect gratitude in return. And secondly, you don’t need to explain your “soul’s wonderful impulses”, because how many people, so many opinions.
Someone was kind to you
Do not forget his goodness all the time!
He himself did good to someone -
Don't mention it to him and forget it yourself!
In support of what has been said, the following literary example can be cited. Recall the story of A. Platonov "Yushka". How both children and embittered adults mock the blacksmith's assistant! And he believes that all people are kind and simply do not know how to express their love. He himself is ill with consumption, he is malnourished in order to save money and help an orphan. Nobody knows where Yushka goes every summer. And he went to the city on foot to carry money for the girl's living and education. Yushka's act bore fruit: the girl he helped grew up and became a doctor. She treated tuberculosis patients for free.
Here is another example from Russian literature. The heroine of V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons", the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, knowing that she could lose her job, plays for money with her starving student, because out of modesty he rejects all the teacher's attempts to help him. And the director of the school, obviously, could not understand the motives of her noble deed, and Lidia Mikhailovna had to leave the school.
So, all of the above allows us to draw the following conclusion: the main thing is to do good, and not trumpet at every crossroads about your charity. And you don’t need to explain anything, because a person with a good heart will understand everything without words, but you won’t get through to a hard-hearted person with any words.
