The great Russian writer is widely known for his brilliant and, at the same time, humorous works. His books have long been dismantled into quotations, witty and well-aimed. And even if not everyone knows who wrote "The Heart of a Dog", then many have seen a great movie based on this story.
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How many chapters in Heart of a Dog - along with the epilogue 10. The action of the work takes place in Moscow at the beginning of the winter of 1924.
The dog woke up
A well-fed and rejuvenated dog, Preobrazhensky takes with him to an appointment. Here Sharik sees the patients: an old man with green hair, feeling like a young man again, an old woman in love with a cheat and asking to transplant monkey ovaries into her, and many, many others. Suddenly, four visitors from the administration of the house came, all in leather jackets, boots and dissatisfied with how many rooms there were in the professor's apartment. After a call and a conversation with an unknown person, they embarrassedly leave.
Further events:
The symbol of science in this story is the luminary of medicine - professor, the name of Preobrazhensky from the story "Heart of a Dog" Philip Filippovich. The scientist is looking for ways to rejuvenate the body, and finds - this is the transplantation of the seminal glands of animals. Old people become men, women hope to throw off a dozen years. The transplantation of the pituitary gland and testicles, and the heart that was transplanted to the dog in the “Heart of a Dog” from a murdered criminal is just another experiment of the famous scientist.
His assistant, Dr. Bormenthal, a young representative of miraculously preserved noble norms and decency, was the best student and remained a faithful follower.
Former dog - Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov - a victim of the experiment. Those who only watched the movie especially remembered what the hero from "Heart of a Dog" played. Obscene verses and jumps on a stool became the author's find of the scriptwriters. In the story, Sharikov simply strummed without interruption, which terribly annoyed Professor Preobrazhensky, who appreciated classical music.
So, for the sake of this image of a driven, stupid, rude and ungrateful peasant, the story was written. Sharikov wants only to live beautifully and eat deliciously, does not understand beauty, norms of relations between people, lives by instinct. But Professor Preobrazhensky believes that the former dog is not dangerous for him, Sharikov will bring much more harm to Shvonder and other communists who patronize and teach him. After all, this created person carries in himself all the lowest and worst that is inherent in man, does not have any moral guidelines.
The criminal and organ donor Klim Chugunkin seems to be only mentioned in Heart of a Dog, but it was his negative qualities that were transferred to a kind and intelligent dog.
Already in the last years of the existence of the USSR, they began to say that the prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky was Lenin, and Sharikov was Stalin. Their historical relationship is similar to the dog story.
Lenin brought the wild criminal Dzhugashvili closer, believing in his ideological stuffing. This man was a useful and desperate communist, he prayed for their ideals and spared no life and health.
True, in recent years, as some close associates believed, the leader of the proletariat realized the true essence of Joseph Dzhugashvili and even wanted to remove him from his entourage. But animal cunning and fury helped Stalin not only to hold on, but also to take a leadership position. And this is indirectly confirmed by the fact that, despite the year of writing "The Heart of a Dog" - 1925, the story was printed in the 80s.
Important! This idea is supported by some allusions. For example, Preobrazhensky loves the opera "Aida", and Lenin's mistress Inessa Armand. The typist Vasnetsov, who repeatedly flickers in close connection with the characters, also has a prototype - the typist Bokshanskaya, who is also associated with two historical figures. Bokshanskaya became a friend of Bulgakov.
Bulgakov, confirming the status of a great Russian writer, in a relatively short story was able to pose a number of extremely acute problems that are still relevant today.
The problem of the consequences of scientific experiments and the moral right of scientists to interfere with the natural course of development. Preobrazhensky first wants to slow down the passage of time by rejuvenating old people for money and dreaming of finding a way to restore youth to everyone.
The scientist is not afraid to use risky methods, transplanting the ovaries of animals. But when the result is a person, the professor first tries to educate him, and then generally returns him to the appearance of a dog. And from the moment Sharik realizes himself as a man, the very scientific dilemma begins: who is considered a man, and whether the action of a scientist will be considered murder.
The problem of relations, more precisely, the confrontation between the rebellious proletariat and the surviving nobility, had a painful and bloody character. The arrogance and aggressiveness of Shvonder and those who came with them is not an exaggeration, but rather a frightening reality of those years.
Sailors, soldiers, workers and people of the bottom filled the cities and estates quickly and cruelly. The country was flooded with blood, the former rich people were starving, they gave their last for a loaf of bread and hastily went abroad. A few were able not only to survive, but also to maintain their standard of living. They still hated them, although they were afraid.
The problem of general ruin and the fallacy of the chosen path has already arisen more than once in Bulgakov's works. The writer lamented the old order, culture and the smartest people dying under the onslaught of the crowd.
And yet, what the author wanted to say in Heart of a Dog. Many readers and admirers of his work feel such a prophetic motive. Bulgakov seemed to be showing the communists what kind of person of the future, the homunculus, they are growing in their red test tubes.
Born as a result of an experiment by a scientist working for the needs of the people and protected by a higher projection, Sharikov threatens not only the aging Preobrazhensky, this creature hates absolutely everyone.
The expected discovery, a breakthrough in science, a new word in the social structure turns into just a stupid, cruel criminal, strumming on a balika, strangling the unfortunate animals, those from among which he himself came out. Sharikov's goal is to take away the room and steal money from "dad".
"Heart of a Dog" M. A. Bulgakov - Summary
Dog's heart. Michael Bulgakov
The only way out for Professor Preobrazhensky from the "Heart of a Dog" is to pull himself together and admit the failure of the experiment. The scientist finds the strength to admit his own mistake and correct it. Can others do it...
The story "Heart of a Dog" Bulgakov wrote in 1925. At this time, the ideas of improving the human race with the help of advanced scientific achievements were very popular. Bulgakov's hero, world-famous professor Preobrazhensky, in an attempt to unravel the secret of eternal youth, accidentally makes a discovery that allows him to surgically turn an animal into a human. However, an experiment on transplanting a human pituitary gland into a dog gives a completely unexpected result.
To get acquainted with the most important details of the work, we suggest reading a summary of Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" chapter by chapter online on our website.
Ball- a stray dog. To some extent a philosopher, worldly intelligent, observant and even learned to read the signs.
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov- A ball after an operation to implant a human pituitary gland into the brain, taken from a drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin who died in a tavern brawl.
Professor Philip Preobrazhensky- a medical genius, an elderly intellectual of the old school, extremely dissatisfied with the onset of a new era and hating its hero - the proletarian for ignorance and unreasonable ambitions.
Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental- a young doctor, a student of Preobrazhensky, who deifies his teacher and shares his beliefs.
Shvonder- Chairman of the house committee at the place of residence of Preobrazhensky, carrier and distributor of communist ideas so unloved by the professor. He is trying to educate Sharikov in the spirit of these ideas.
Zina- Preobrazhensky's maid, a young impressionable girl. Combines household duties with the functions of a nurse.
Daria Petrovna- Preobrazhensky's cook, a middle-aged woman.
Young lady typist- subordinate in the service and failed wife of Sharikov.
The stray dog Sharik freezes in a Moscow gateway. Suffering from pain in his side, on which the evil cook splashed boiling water, he ironically and philosophically describes his unhappy life, Moscow life and types of people, of which, in his opinion, the most vile are janitors and porters. A certain gentleman in a fur coat appears in the field of view of the dog and feeds him with cheap sausage. Sharik faithfully follows him, wondering along the way who his benefactor is, since even the doorman in a rich house, a storm of stray dogs, speaks obsequiously to him.
From a conversation with a porter, a gentleman in a fur coat learns that “residential comrades have been moved into the third apartment,” and perceives the news with horror, although the upcoming “compression” will not affect his personal living space.
Having brought him to a rich warm apartment, Sharik, who decided to make a scandal out of fright, is put to sleep with chloroform and treated. After that, the dog, who is no longer bothered by the side, watches with curiosity at the reception of patients. There is an elderly ladies' man, and an elderly rich lady in love with a handsome young cheater. And everyone wants one thing - rejuvenation. Preobrazhensky is ready to help them - for good money.
In the evening, members of the house committee, headed by Shvonder, pay a visit to the professor - they want Preobrazhensky to give up two of his seven rooms in the order of "seal". The professor calls one of his influential patients with a complaint about the arbitrariness and invites him, if so, to be operated on by Shvonder, and he himself will leave for Sochi. Leaving, members of the house committee accuse Preobrazhensky of hatred for the proletariat.
Over dinner, Preobrazhensky rants about food culture and the proletariat, recommending that no Soviet newspapers be read before dinner in order to avoid digestive problems. He is sincerely perplexed and indignant at how it is possible to stand up for the rights of workers all over the world and steal galoshes at the same time. Hearing how a meeting of housing comrades sings revolutionary songs behind the wall, the professor comes to the conclusion: “If I, instead of operating every evening, start singing in chorus in my apartment, I will be devastated. If, on entering the lavatory, I begin, pardon the expression, to urinate past the toilet bowl, and Zina and Darya Petrovna do the same, devastation will begin in the lavatory. Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads. So, when these baritones shout "beat the devastation!" - I am laughing. I swear to you, I'm laughing! This means that each of them must hit himself on the back of the head!” .
There is also talk about the future of Sharik, and the intrigue has not yet been revealed, but the pathologists familiar to Bormental promised to immediately report the appearance of a “suitable corpse”, and the dog will be observed for now.
They buy Sharik a status collar, he eats deliciously, his side is finally healing. The dog is naughty, but when the indignant Zina suggests tearing him out, the professor strictly forbids this: “You can’t fight anyone, you can only act on a person and an animal by suggestion.”
Only Sharik took root in the apartment - suddenly, after a phone call, running around begins, the professor demands dinner earlier. Sharik, having been deprived of food, is locked in the bathroom, after which he is dragged to the examination room and given anesthesia.
Preobrazhensky and Bormental are operating on Sharik. He is implanted with testicles and pituitary gland taken from a fresh human corpse. This should, according to the plan of physicians, open up new horizons in their study of the mechanism of rejuvenation.
The professor, not without sadness, suggests that the dog will definitely not survive after such an operation, like those animals that were before him.
The diary of Dr. Bormenthal is a history of Sharik's illness, which describes the changes taking place with the operated and still surviving dog. His hair falls out, the shape of the skull changes, barking becomes like a human voice, bones grow rapidly. He utters strange words - it turns out that the street dog learned to read from signs, but read some from the end. The young doctor makes an enthusiastic conclusion - a change in the pituitary gland does not give rejuvenation, but complete humanization - and emotionally calls his teacher a genius. However, the professor himself frowningly sits over the history of the disease of a man whose pituitary gland was transplanted to Sharik.
Doctors are trying to educate their creation, to instill the necessary skills, to educate. Sharik's taste in clothes, his speech and habits unnerve the intelligent Preobrazhensky. Posters hang around the apartment, prohibiting swearing, spitting, throwing cigarette butts, chewing seeds. Sharik himself has a passive-aggressive attitude towards education: “They grabbed the animal, slashed the head with a knife, and now they shun” . After talking with the house committee, the former dog confidently uses clerical terms and demands to issue him an identity card. He chooses the name "Polygraph Poligrafovich" for himself, but he takes the "hereditary" surname - Sharikov.
The professor expresses a desire to buy any room in the house and move Polygraph Poligrafovich there, but Shvonder gloatingly refuses him, recalling their ideological conflict. Soon, a communal disaster occurs in the professor's apartment: Sharikov chased the cat and caused a flood in the bathroom.
Sharikov drinks vodka at dinner, like an experienced alcoholic. Looking at this, the professor sighs incomprehensibly: "There's nothing to be done - Klim." In the evening, Sharikov wants to go to the circus, but when Preobrazhensky offers him a more cultural entertainment - the theater, he refuses, because this is "one counter-revolution." The professor is about to give Sharikov something to read, even Robinson, but he is already reading the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky given to him by Shvonder. True, he manages to understand a little - except that "take everything, and even share it." Hearing this, the professor invites him to “share” the lost profit from the fact that on the day of the flood the reception of patients failed - to pay 130 rubles “for a tap and for a cat”, and orders Zina to burn the book.
Having sent Sharikov, accompanied by Bormental, to the circus, Preobrazhensky looks at the canned pituitary gland of the dog Sharik for a long time and says: “Honest to God, I seem to make up my mind.”
A new scandal - Sharikov, waving documents, claims to live in the professor's apartment. He promises to shoot Shvonder and in return for eviction threatens Polygraph with deprivation of food. Sharikov calms down, but not for long - he stole two gold pieces in the professor's office, and he tried to blame the theft on Zina, got drunk and brought drinking companions to the house, after the expulsion of which Preobrazhensky lost his malachite ashtray, beaver hat and favorite cane.
Bormental confesses his love and respect to Preobrazhensky over cognac and offers to personally feed Sharikov with arsenic. The professor objects - he, a world-famous scientist, will be able to avoid responsibility for the murder, but the young doctor is unlikely. He sadly admits his scientific mistake: “For five years I have been sitting, picking out appendages from the brains ... And now, one asks - why? To one day turn the sweetest dog into such scum that your hair stands on end. […] Two criminal records, alcoholism, “to share everything”, a hat and two gold pieces are gone, a boor and a pig… In a word, the pituitary gland is a closed chamber that defines a given human face. Given!" Meanwhile, the pituitary gland for Sharikov was taken from a certain Klim Chugunkin, a recidivist criminal, an alcoholic and a brawler who played the balalaika in taverns and was stabbed to death in a drunken brawl. Doctors gloomily imagine what a nightmare with such "heredity" can result from Sharikov under the influence of Shvonder.
At night, Daria Petrovna expels the drunken Polygraph from the kitchen, Bormental promises to make a scandal for him in the morning, but Sharikov disappears, and when he returns, he says that he got a job - head of the subdepartment for cleaning Moscow from stray animals.
A young typist appears in the apartment, whom Sharikov introduces as his bride. She opens her eyes to the lies of the Polygraph - he is not the commander of the Red Army at all and was not wounded at all in battles with the whites, as he claimed in a conversation with the girl. The exposed Sharikov threatens the typist with layoffs, Bormental takes the girl under protection and promises to shoot Sharikov.
The professor comes to his former patient - an influential man in military uniform. From his story, Preobrazhensky learns that Sharikov wrote a denunciation of him and Bormental - allegedly they made death threats against Polygraph and Shvonder, made counter-revolutionary speeches, illegally stored weapons, etc. After that, Sharikov is categorically offered to get out of the apartment, but at first he becomes stubborn, then becomes impudent, and in the end he even pulls out a gun. The doctors twist him, disarm him and put him to sleep with chloroform, after which a ban on anyone to enter or leave the apartment sounds and some activity begins in the observation room.
The police come to the professor's apartment on a tip from Shvonder. They have a search warrant and, based on the results, an arrest on charges of Sharikov's murder.
However, Preobrazhensky is calm - he says that his laboratory creature suddenly and inexplicably degraded from a man back into a dog, and shows the police and the investigator a strange creature, in which the features of Polygraph Poligrafovich are still recognizable.
The dog Sharik, whose canine pituitary gland was returned by a second operation, remains to live and bliss in the professor's apartment, without understanding why he was "slashed all over his head."
In the story "Heart of a Dog", Bulgakov, in addition to the philosophical motive of punishment for interfering in the affairs of nature, outlined the themes characteristic of him, stigmatizing ignorance, cruelty, abuse of power and stupidity. The carriers of these shortcomings are the new "masters of life" who want to change the world, but do not possess the wisdom and humanism necessary for this. The main idea of the work is “devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads”.
A brief retelling of the "Heart of a Dog" chapter by chapter is not enough to fully appreciate the artistic merits of this work, so we recommend that you take the time and read this short story in full. We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the 1988 two-part film of the same name by Vladimir Bortko, which is quite close to the literary original.
The read summary of the story will be remembered better if you answer the questions of this test.
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The film "Heart of a Dog", filmed by Vladimir Bortko in 1988, is today considered one of the best pictures of Soviet cinema. The director not only brought the story of Mikhail Bulgakov to the screen, but was also able to breathe the spirit of the times into his film. "Heart of a Dog" is a brilliant film based on a brilliant work. We invite you to learn the history of the creation of the film "Heart of a Dog".
As you know, it was never published in the USSR because of the satirical content of the story. It was published only during perestroika in 1987 in the Znamya magazine. And just a year later, a film was made on it. According to the director Vladimir Bortko Sergey Mikaelyan, who at that time headed the television department of Lenfilm, pushed him to the idea of creating this picture:
“Having met me in the corridor of the studio that time, Mikaelyan held out a magazine. I came home, started reading, got to the professor's monologue and realized that I would shoot, and I even know how. This should be a black and white movie…”
But later Bortko decided to use a Sepia filter for the camera to stylize it like a movie of the 30s. Later, he also used this technique in the films The Idiot and The Master and Margarita.
By the way, the movie Vladimir Bortko- This is the second film adaptation of Bulgakov's story. The first film was filmed in 1976 in Italy. It was directed by Alberto Lattuada, and the role of Professor Preobrazhensky was played by Max von Sydow.
Frame from the film Heart of a Dog (1976)
Bortko decided not to dwell only on the story and borrowed some elements from other Bulgakov's works. For example, Professor Persikov, whom Preobrazhensky invited to examine Sharik, was the main character in the story "Fatal Eggs". And the janitor, who read two volumes of the Brockhaus and Efron dictionary, is taken from the story "Gemstone Life". Also, the well-known scene in which the newborns are named Rosa and Clara is taken from the feuilleton “Golden Correspondences of Ferapont Ferapontovich Kaportsev”, and the professor’s neighbors, evoking the spirit of the emperor, are from the story “Séance”.
Filming began immediately. Actors such as Leonid Bronevoy, Mikhail Ulyanov, Yuri Yakovlev, and Vladislav Strzhelchik auditioned for the role of Professor Preobrazhensky. But the role went to a man who never even read - Evgeny Evstigneev. For him, this role was a real salvation, because then he was already retired in the theater. The actor's son recalls:
“This film came into my father's life at the right time and literally saved him. Dad was going through a difficult period when he was retired at the Moscow Art Theater. Difficulty agreeing to work in the "Heart of a Dog", he then just lived it. I don’t know what was on the set, but he constantly talked about his role, played something, showed some scenes ... At that moment, the picture became a support for him.
As for the role of Sharikov, then Vladimir Bortko remembers it like this:
“There were eight applicants for the role of Sharikov, including my favorite actor and friend Nikolai Karachentsov. But Tolokonnikov, discovered by us in Alma-Ata, killed me completely. At the test, he acted out a scene with vodka: “I wish that everything!” He grunted so convincingly, hacked, the throat traveled so surprisingly along his neck, the Adam's apple twitched so predatory that I approved it immediately.
Bortko himself also starred in "Dog Heart", however, only in the episode. He was one of the onlookers in Obukhov lane, refuting the rumors about the Martians.
Even the role of the dog Sharik was casting. It was performed by a mongrel named Karay, selected from 20 applicants. It was his film debut, but the dog turned out to be quite talented and continued his film career in the films "Reexamination", "Rock and Roll for a Princess", "Forever 19" and "Wedding March".
Karay even had to make up for the film, as he had a smooth coat, and Bulgakov wrote that Sharik was shaggy. The make-up artist of the painting, Elena Kozlova, recalls:
“They used starch, but as soon as Karay ran out into the street, he immediately began to wallow in the snow and washed everything off himself. Then they guessed to use gelatin, and it turned out to be more resistant.
Despite frequent misconceptions, almost all the songs were written specifically for the film by bard Julius Kim. And the ditties performed by Sharikov (“... come, bourgeois, I’ll gouge out your eye”), and the march of the Red Army (“The White Guard is utterly defeated, and no one will break the Red Army!”) And the song “Harsh years are leaving”, which was performed by the Shvonder choir.
In 2009, the heroes of the film, Professor Preobrazhensky and Polygraph Sharikov, were even erected a monument in Kharkov near the entrance to the Sharikoff restaurant.
The film, which today is considered a classic, was received not only very coldly, but criticized to the nines.
“I opened the newspapers and was stunned. I can’t vouch for the authenticity of the quotes, but you can open the archive, and you will see that I am close to the text ... It was written something like this: “No one has ever filmed such crap as Heart of a Dog. For this, the director needs to cut off not only his hands, but also his legs and throw him off the bridge. But I still survived (laughs). I felt that I did everything right. Abroad, we were received favorably: the film was awarded prizes in Italy, Poland, and Bulgaria. And two years after the release of "The Heart of a Dog" on the screen, Evgeny Evstigneev and I were awarded the State Prize.
But more important than any award for Vladimir Bortko was that his film received immortality. And today it can often be found on television and it is difficult to find a person who has not watched at least once, and quotes from the film have become classics.
On the occasion of the anniversary of the film "Vesti", they learned about the experiments of Preobrazhensky and the casting of actors
25 years ago, at the end of 1988, Vladimir Bortko's TV movie Heart of a Dog based on Mikhail Bulgakov's story of the same name was premiered. Since then, the popularity of this two-part masterpiece has only grown, it has consistently entered the tops of Soviet / Russian films.
The expressions of Professor Preobrazhensky came into use: “The devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads”, “Give me a piece of paper so that it is armor”, “Do not read Soviet newspapers in the morning!” The common sense of the scientist was opposed to the revolutionary absurdity, which was embodied on the screen by Shvonder and Sharikov, whose phrases also became winged: “Abyrvalg”, “This is some kind of shame, professor”, “Cats were strangled, strangled”, “Take everything away and share”, “ Get in line, you sons of bitches, get in line."
Vesti decided to sort out the scientific, revolutionary, artistic and even musical component of the immortal work.
GERMAN BOBIKOV AND CICCCIOLIN
The story was written by Mikhail Bulgakov in 1925. It was supposed to be published in the Nedra almanac, but Lenin's ally, Politburo member Lev Kamenev banned it, drawing a negative resolution: “This is a sharp pamphlet on modernity. Under no circumstances should it be printed. And for the first time the story was published in 1968 abroad - in Germany and England.
The first film adaptation was also abroad: director Alberto Lattuada staged the Italian-German film "Heart of a Dog" (Italian "Cuore di cane", German "Warum bellt Herr Bobikow?" - "Why does Mr. Bobikov bark?") in 1976. The film reflected the disappointment in the flower revolutions of the hippies of the late 60s: shvonders and balls embodied the destroyers of the revolutionary illusions of the students.
The famous Swedish actor, twice Oscar nominee Max von Sydow, played the role of Preobrazhensky, and future porn star Cicciolina played one of the episodic roles.
The publication in the USSR of "Heart of a Dog" happened in the magazine "Znamya" only in 1987, 62 years after it was written. Director Sergei Mikaelyan gave this magazine to Vladimir Bortko to read at Lenfilm. “I knew other famous works by Bulgakov, the same Master and Margarita, but I didn’t read The Heart of a Dog,” Vladimir Vladimirovich told us. The professor's monologue instantly captured Bortko, he decided to shoot. Despite its sharpness, there were no censorship problems with this picture - perestroika thundered in the yard. Unlike Bortko's painting "The Blonde Around the Corner" with Andrei Mironov, which lay on the shelf for two years - until 1984. By the way, this picture brought the first fame to the director.
THE FILM IS MADE NOT ONLY ACCORDING TO THE STORY
The audience, after the premiere of Heart of a Dog, rushed to read the story, but did not find many jokes and scenes. The fact is that Vladimir Bortko and his wife Natalya wrote the script not only according to the story - they made extracts from the stories and feuilletons of the writer.
A mad janitor, whom the librarian, in order to get off, advised to read volumes of the encyclopedia - from the feuilleton "Gemstone Life", the prophetess in the circus - from the story "Madmazel Zhanna" ("Fool, make a smart face!"), Calling spirits - from "Spiritual session", and the "stars" of Clara and Rosa, which were conducted by Shvonder, from the feuilleton "The Golden Correspondences of Ferapont Ferapontovich Kaportsev". These skits and witticisms not only added brilliance to the picture.
“Using Bulgakov's stories,” the director shared a secret with us, “we expanded the boundaries of the apartment where the story takes place. Now there was a street, a circus.” By the way, Peter “played” Moscow streets, since the shooting took place at Lenfilm.
PROFESSORS PREOBRAZHENSKY AND BORMENTAL
Stars of the first magnitude auditioned for the role of Preobrazhensky: Leonid Bronevoi, Mikhail Ulyanov, Yuri Yakovlev and Vladislav Strzhelchik. Yevgeny Evstigneev won the “tender”, and this role came in handy for him. After the division of the Moscow Art Theater between Tatyana Doronina and Oleg Efremov, Evstigneev stayed with the latter. But he asked the director, since he had recently suffered a heart attack, not to give him new roles, but only to play out the old ones. Efremov took this as a betrayal and rashly slashed: "So go retire ..." Yevstigneev was in shock. It was in this state that he appeared at the screen test. So he himself at that time experienced sensitive blows of fate, which also fell to the lot of Preobrazhensky. “All the actors played wonderfully during the auditions, but Evstigneev was more accurate,” recalls Bortko. The artist's son, Denis Evstigneev, remarked: “The film literally saved my father. He constantly talked about his role, played something, showed scenes. The picture became a support for him in that difficult period. Many noted the penetration of Evstigneev's manner in this role, which he later called his favorite. As for Dr. Bormenthal, the director immediately saw him in Boris Plotnikov, then an actor in the Moscow Theater of Satire. “I immediately approved Plotnikov,” Bortko tells us. “And he was very pleased with them.” Plotnikov was afraid to play with the eminent artist, but Evstigneev said: “We are equal with you, colleague” - and timidity passed.
BALLS AND BALLS
More than a dozen applicants auditioned for the role of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. Among them was Nikolai Karachentsov, who organically voiced the Gascon dog in the cartoon Dog in Boots, based on The Three Musketeers (1981). “Karachentsov talentedly portrayed a dog, but his acting role is a hero-lover, and I needed a dog and an alcoholic in one image,” says Bortko. Vladimir Tolokonnikov was selected according to the acting photo base, which was at all major studios - he served in the Almaty Russian Theater. Lermontov (as we learned, he still works there, and after Heart of a Dog, one of his most striking roles was in the film Hottabych in 2006, where he played an old genie). At the screen test, Tolokonnikov made a toast so colorfully: “I wish that everything!” That the director had no doubts. “Volodya killed me the moment he took a sip,” says the director. - Of course, it was not vodka, but water. But he drank very convincingly. The role of Sharik was played by a mongrel named Karai. He was chosen from several applicants - members of the dog club "Druzhok". “He was the smartest dog,” says the director. - He didn't speak French. He did everything from the first take. Karay subsequently became a "movie star", starring in the films "Wedding March", "Reexamination", "Rock and Roll for a Princess" and "Forever 19".
DO NOT OFFER BEER. ONLY COGNAC!
It is known that Evgeny Evstigneev “for courage” liked to drink 50 grams of cognac before going on stage or before filming. Tolokonnikov said that due to theatrical troubles, Evgeny Aleksandrovich began to bring more and more alcohol to the shooting. And shared with Tolokonnikov. A phrase from the film “Do not offer beer to Sharikov!” turned into off-screen: “But why not pour Sharikov?” Vladimir Bortko told us about the conflict with Evstigneev on this basis: “Evgeny Alexandrovich decided that there would be no filming today. And he drank very well. There was a hard conversation. But after that, there were no such conflicts with him. Evstigneev did not drink alcohol on the site anymore.
"Heart of a Dog" is a warning film that social and scientific revolutions have side effects. Preobrazhensky in the finale says with disappointment: “This is what happens when the researcher, instead of groping and in parallel with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge!”
YESENIN INSPIRED THE PARTS
The songs “Harsh years are passing away”, “Chatushki Sharikov” by the bard Yuliy Kim (“Bumbarash”) to the music of Vladimir Dashkevich (“Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson”) are also remembered in the film.
“In Bulgakov’s book it says: “They sing,” says Bortko. - But what? I ordered songs for Dashkevich and Kim. They wrote wonderfully. But then I realized that when Sharikov dances, he needs ditties. As Yesenin had in the poem, something like this: "The steamboat is sailing past the pier - we will feed the fish with the communists." And again I called Kim, and a day later he dictated to me on the phone: “Oh, apple, you are my ripe, but the young lady is coming, the skin is white, The skin is white, the fur coat is valuable, If you give something, you will be whole,” etc.
EXPERIMENTS WITH PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
We became curious to find out how realistic Preobrazhensky's experiments on rejuvenation were.
“In the 1920s and 1930s, a Russian emigrant in France, Dr. Serge Voronov, transplanted testicles from a monkey into elderly men,” said Professor Valery Shatilo, deputy director of the Institute of Gerontology, to us. - But it gave a temporary effect, for several months. In addition, there was a real danger of introducing the virus.”
Among our contemporaries, Preobrazhensky is reminiscent of the director of the Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, academician Gennady Butenko, in terms of the courage and uniqueness of his experiments: “We decided to sew two mice together. Young and old animal. And, to their surprise, they saw that the old did not get younger, but the young, on the contrary, became old. The aging mechanism dominates.”
The same effect was observed with stem cell transplantation. Regarding the transplantation of organs from a dog to a human, Butenko told us: “It is dangerous. The species barrier is triggered - when the organs are rejected by the immune system.
Of the latest anti-aging substances, the academician named rapamycin, an antibiotic that slows down the deployment of aging programs. And reservatrol is a substance from red wine. “However, to get the anti-aging effect of this substance, you need to drink at least five liters of red wine per day. You will become an alcoholic faster,” the academician laughs.
In his opinion, the science of the future needs to delve into the genome: “Last year, the US Congress allocated $ 9 billion for the study of the human genome. Preobrazhensky should now be a geneticist. But one should not hope for a breakthrough in this area. And variations on the theme of “Heart of a Dog” are just fantasy today. Writers come to me to tell them the real plot for the book, but no revolutionary upheavals are expected in this area.”
, Vladimir Tolokonnikov, Boris Plotnikov and Roman Kartsev starring, adaptation of the story of the same name Mikhail Bulgakov.
The events of the movie dog's heart"take place in Moscow in the mid-1920s.
Brilliant neurosurgeon professor Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky(Evgeny Evstigneev) has been researching the possibilities of human rejuvenation for many years, and successfully applied the results of his experiments in practice.
One winter, the professor picked up a homeless mongrel on the street in order to carry out a scientific experiment he had long conceived of transplanting the pituitary gland and human seminal glands into a dog in order to study their effect on the body.
On the same day that a dog named ball, to Preobrazhensky guests have come - the new manager of the house Shvonder(Roman Kartsev) with his assistants. The purpose of their visit was to “compact” the professor by placing other tenants in several rooms of his apartment. Nothing came of this venture because Philip Philipovich turned for help to one of his patients - a high-ranking Soviet official. Leaving with nothing Shvonder harbored a grudge against the obstinate tenant for his failure.
After some time, the professor, with the help of his assistant, a young talented doctor Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental(Boris Plotnikov) performed a long-awaited operation, the results of which exceeded the wildest expectations. The dog began to turn into a man, who gradually began to realize himself as a new personality. Unfortunately, this person inherited the character traits and habits of an organ donor for transplant - a brawler and an alcoholic Klima Chugunkina, killed in a beer drinking buddies.
Very soon, the professor, seeing what kind of monster he brought to life, turning the sweetest dog into a boor, a slacker and a drunkard Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov(Vladimir Tolokonnikov) - this is the name chosen by the former Ball- bitterly regretted his experiment.
Movie dog's heart was first shown on the Central Television of the Soviet Union on November 19, 1988.
The story on which the tape is based was written Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov in 1925, but since it was impossible to publish the book in the Soviet Union due to its pronounced satirical orientation, it has been distributed in samizdat since the 1930s. The story was first published abroad in 1968, and in our country it saw the light only during perestroika.
Publication" dog heart"took place in the June issue of the magazine" Banner"for 1987, and in November of the following year, the premiere of the television version of the story took place.
Vladimir Bortko said that the director Sergey Mikaelyan, who then headed the television department " Lenfilm":
"Having met me in the hallway of the studio at that time, Mikaelyan held out the magazine. I came home, started reading, got to the professor's monologue and realized that I would shoot and even know how. This should be a black and white movie...
For the right to play a professor Preobrazhensky fought such venerable actors as Leonid Armor , Mikhail Ulyanov , Yuri Yakovlev , Vladislav Strzhelchik, but won Evgeny Evstigneev. Although Evgeny Alexandrovich before working on the picture did not read the story " dog's heart", he was so organic in the role Philip Philipovich that this work has become one of the best in his film career.
The son of an actor, a famous cameraman, director and producer Denis Evstigneev recalled:
“This film came into my father's life at the right time and literally saved him. Dad was going through a difficult period when Moscow Art Theater he was retired. Difficulty agreeing to work in " dog heart", then he just lived with it. I don't know what happened on the set, but he constantly talked about his role, played something, showed some scenes ... At that moment, the picture became a support for him."
Of the eight candidates for the role Sharikova, among which was Nikolai Karachentsov , Vladimir Bortko chose the actor of the Alma-Ata Russian Drama Theater Vladimir Tolokonnikov. On samples Tolokonnikov played a dinner scene when Sharikov utters his later famous phrase: “I wish that everything!”. The actor made a toast and drank so convincingly that the director had no doubts about the candidacy for the role Polygraph Poligrafovich:
« Volodya killed me the moment he took a sip of vodka. He grunted so convincingly, his Adam's apple twitched so predatory, that I approved him without hesitation.
For the role Shvonder together with Roman Kartsev famous comedian auditioned Semyon Farada .
To these and other wonderful actors who starred in both major and episodic roles, - Nina Ruslanova , Boris Plotnikov, Olga Melikhova, Angelica Nevolina , Sergei Filippov , Valentina Kovel and others - managed to embody the images of the characters of the story so vividly on the screen that the film is still rightfully considered the best adaptation of Bulgakov's prose. This success, of course, contributed to the director's talent Vladimir Bortko, and high professionalism of the operator Yuri Shaigardanov, and the skill of set designers, costume designers and make-up artists who worked on the film, and musical numbers created by the composer Vladimir Dashkevich and poet Julius Kim.
Movie dog's heart in 1989 was awarded the " golden screen"at the International Film Festival in Warsaw (Poland) and the Grand Prix at the International Television Film Festivals in Dushanbe (USSR) and Perugia (Italy). In 1990, the director of the film Vladimir Bortko and Evgeny Evstigneev who played the role of professor Preobrazhensky, became laureates State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasiliev brothers.
The shooting of the film took place in Leningrad, and the "role" of the streets of Moscow, where the action of the film takes place, was successfully "played" by the streets of the northern capital. Prechistenka, where the fateful ball his meeting with the professor became Borovaya street, Obukhov lane, where the house where he lived Preobrazhensky, filmed on Mokhovaya, also shooting took place on Preobrazhenskaya Square, on Ryleeva Street, in Degtyarny Lane and in other places of the city on the Neva.
The scenes in the cinematograph were filmed in a movie theater" Banner", while in order for the actors-spectators to laugh in the frame, a comedy was shown on the screen Yuri Mamin "Feast of Neptune".
First " dog's heart"was filmed by Italian and German filmmakers in 1976. In Italian, the film is called" Cuore di cane" ("dog's heart"), the German version of the name is " Warum bellt Herr Bobikow?"- translates as " Why is Mr. Bobikov barking?"(last name" Sharikov"Germans changed to" Bobikov"). The painting was staged Alberto Lattuada(Alberto Lattuada), the role of a professor Preobrazhensky performed Max von Sydow(Max von Sydow).
- The film contains characters and scenes from other Bulgakov's works. Professor Peaches, which Preobrazhensky invited to see ball- hero of the story Fatal eggs"and the circus soothsayer is a character in the story" Madmazelle Zhanna". The story of a janitor who read two volumes of a dictionary Brockhaus and Efron- Quote from the story Gem life", an episode with the "stars" of twin sisters Clara and roses taken from the feuilleton" Golden Correspondences of Ferapont Ferapontovich Kaportsev"and the scene with the professor's table-turning neighbors is from the story" seance".
- Vladimir Bortko starred in the film in the episodic role of onlookers in Obukhov lane, refuting rumors about the Martians.
- Role ball performed by a mongrel named Karay, which was selected from 20 applicants for the role. The dog for which the film Bortko became a film debut, turned out to be a talented actor and subsequently starred in the films " Resit", "Rock and roll for a princess", "Forever 19 year old" and " Wedding March".
Directed by Heart of a Dog Vladimir Bortko
Screenwriters of the film Heart of a Dog: Natalia Bortko, Mikhail Bulgakov (novel)
Cast: Vladimir Tolokonnikov, Evgeny Evstigneev, Boris Plotnikov, Roman Kartsev, Nina Ruslanova, Olga Melikhova, Alexey Mironov, Anzhelika Nevolina, Natalya Fomenko, Ivan Ganzha and others
Operator: Yuri Shaigardanov
Composer: Vladimir Dashkevich
Date of the premiere of the film Heart of a Dog: November 19, 1988
Heart of a Dog movie premiere channel: Central Television of the USSR
