The novel "Oblomov" was written for more than ten years. Work on the work began in 1846, "Oblomov's Dream" was published in 1849, the novel was completed in 1858, and published in 1859. The first part of it was created in the 40s, the second and the next two - in the 50s. In the first part of the novel, Goncharov focuses on the depiction of Oblomovism as a specific social environment. Further evolution of the creative concept led to the fact that the author comes to a conscious complication of the topic: the personality, given in complex relationships with the environment and time, presented against a broad socio-historical background, becomes the main object of Goncharov's research.
The character of Oblomov demanded from the author a special organization of action, plot construction. The writer used the structural principle - a fragmentary, episodic structure of parts with a chronological mixture of events. The personality of the hero is given in evolution - from childhood to old age and death, but the author focuses on only those episodes of Oblomov's biography that are necessary for placing ideological accents. Four time milestones are highlighted by Goncharov: childhood - life on Gorokhovaya Street - love - Vyborg side - death. Moreover, the main burden in explaining the character of the hero is borne by the childhood and adolescence recreated in the novel, and practically nothing is said about youth, the time when the personality is finally formed. Each of these temporary parts is an independent unit of narration, with a special internal structure. Each is autonomous, closed, the hero is placed in a certain time and space, surrounded by a circle of local characters, who then, as it were, fall away from him. Such a structure creates the impression of an episodic fragmentary life, devoid of development, integrity.
Oblomov's action covers the time from 1819 to 1856. In the first part there is almost no movement of the plot, this is a kind of introduction to the novel. Oblomov's "parade of guests" occupies an unusually important place in the novel. Clearly non-plot characters, they appear in strict order replacing each other. The guests are necessary for the author as a means of characterizing the protagonist and as a necessary attribute of the environment in which Oblomov lives. All of them are a kind of “twins” of the hero, and each represents one or another version of Oblomov’s possible fate, but he rejects everything: neither secular success, nor a career, nor a game of excellence attracts him. The appearance of the guests expands the spatial and temporal framework of the novel and allows the author to imagine various areas of St. Petersburg: secular St. Petersburg (Volkov), bureaucratic St. Petersburg - clerical and departmental (Sudbinsky), literary St. Petersburg (Penkin).
The author traces in detail the path that led Oblomov to his famous sofa: university, youthful passion for poetry and art, social life and, as a result, disappointment in everything. The life that the hero lives now does not satisfy him, but he cannot and does not want to change anything in it: he is a gentleman, he is “not like everyone else”, he has the right to do nothing. Realizing, however, the inferiority of his being, Oblomov is tormented by the question: “Why am I like this?” "Oblomov's Dream" is the answer to this question.
"Oblomov" is a centripetal novel in its type. The figurative system is built on the principle of radii, where Oblomov is in the center, and other characters are located along the radii to him. All storylines are drawn to the main character, the characteristics of other characters are turned to him. Using this technique, the author achieves maximum objectification of the hero, who, as it were, is illuminated continuously from different sides by different light sources.
In the novel, two forces are fighting for Oblomov: the active intellectual principle, which is embodied by Olga and Stolz, and the old Oblomovka. Stolz connects all hopes for the future of Ilya Ilyich with a small circle of activities (put things in order in the village, change the headman, go abroad; Holz connects all hopes for the future of Ilya Ilyich with a small circle of activities () polished by Olga and Stolz, and old Oblomovka.), And Olga , for which "life is a duty, an obligation", I want Oblomov to take up socially useful activities.
The purpose of Stolz in the novel is to be the antipode of Oblomov, social and psychological. Therefore, in his personality, such qualities as sobriety, rationality, skepticism towards feelings, and calculation are accentuated. Stolz is a doer, work for him is “the image, content, element and purpose of life”. But the more such qualities are pumped up, the more Stoltz loses to Oblomov with his soft soul, humanity, purity and disinterestedness. One thing is clear to the author: the future is not in the sphere of practicality and bourgeois entrepreneurship.
The main plot situation is the relationship between Oblomov and Olga. Olga Ilyinskaya, a deep, original personality, is the only character in the novel who is equivalent to Oblomov. The love that engulfed the heroes revealed all the best in the nature of each, gave a strong impetus to spiritual development. Olga becomes a “guiding star” for Oblomov, he happily carries out the “re-education program” prepared for him by Olga, not noticing that with his life he simply “duplicates” the life of the chosen one - he reads what she reads, goes where Olga goes, carries out all her orders. The gap is inevitable: the sublime, ideal, romantic love of Oblomov cannot make up the happiness of a woman who approaches life from the standpoint of a strong personality.
Having deeply suffered, both heroes forever retain love for each other in their souls, although Oblomov will soon marry his landlady Agafya Pshenitsyna, and Olga will marry Stolz.
Oblomov's death at the end of the novel is presented as a natural conclusion to the drama that began in childhood: from the inability to put on stockings to the inability to live.
Zakhar is one with Oblomov, they go through the whole story as an inseparable couple. Goncharov connects the characters with the principle of complementarity: both do not know how to live, both have never committed independent acts, both have been devastated by the usual routine of life. Both go to the dramatic finale as a conflictingly connected couple. Oblomov dies - poverty, porch and starvation await Zakhar.
The novel "Oblomov" was the pinnacle of Goncharov's work. With great artistic power, he branded serfdom in him, which, in his opinion, was inevitably heading towards its collapse. He denounced the inertia and conservatism of the local nobility and showed "Oblomovism" as an evil and a scourge of Russian life. The material for the novel was Russian life, which the writer observed from childhood.
The reason for the separation of Olga and Oblomova was a combination of several factors. First, the mismatch of attitudes of the characters. Apathy, indifference of the hero is not only natural laziness and the force of habits, but also a kind of protest against the meaningless, vain Petersburg life. However, rejecting this way of life, Ilya Ilyich dreams of a different, meaningful activity. Life for Oblomov is not only love. The personal potential of the hero is much wider than what happy love can offer him. Olga, dreaming of reviving Oblomov, immerses him in the same "mud of trifles." Instead of personal realization in a broad life plan, the hero is immersed in worries about personal well-being (arrangement of an estate in the village). Olga is a bright, uncommon nature, dreaming of noble activities, but in reality her dreamy impulses subside in a small family world. Relations with Olga do not give the hero the fullness of happiness, a sense of the harmony of life. In addition, Oblomov is a romantic, and love for him is an extraordinary dream.
Oblomov- a hereditary nobleman of the old school. He is 31 - 32 years old, lives in St. Petersburg in a small rented apartment, and is a person who spends all his time at home. Ilya Ilyich does not go to work and does not sit behind papers in the building, he earns his living with the help of other, just as stupid and narrow-minded people. Oblomov dreams of forever sitting on the couch in his favorite bathrobe and not worrying about "stupid" problems. Oblomov is a lazy and dreamy person. One day he falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, who wants to change him with all her might, but even love cannot fix him.
Stolz- Oblomov's best friend, familiar with him since childhood and the complete opposite of him. He is alien to lying on the couch and dreaming of a better life and a wonderful future. Andrey Ivanovich relies only on his own strength and his own skills. He constantly goes in front and tries to reach his peak. He does not understand how you can live life in one place, not travel and not grow. But, despite this, Stolz appreciates Oblomov for his pure sparkling heart and tries with all his might to help him both financially and in love affairs.
Olga Ilinskaya- a young progressive landowner of 20 years. She is a smart, beautiful, emotional girl who takes the best from life. Olga is similar to Stolz in her convictions and disposition. At the moment when she meets Oblomov, she notices a person who does not want to change anything and relies only on fate and dreams. She does not consider it a good time to lie on the couch and daydream. Therefore, after Ilyinskaya spends all her strength on changing Oblomov, but even she does not succeed.
Agafya Pshenitsyna- not a rich landowner, about 30 years old, who was left a widow with two small children. She is the owner of the house where Ilya Ilyich lives. Agafya cooks very tasty, cleans the house well, also sews well, in general, she is an excellent hostess. Matveevna is a quiet, kind, modest woman and at the same time narrow-minded and stupid. She would rather be silent and just agree than to express her point of view. Agafya is getting old, do everything for Oblomov, she takes care of him like a mother and a child. And then at the end takes on the role of a wife for his tenant.
Zakhar- Oblomov's servant for 50 years. He has known the owner since he was young and works for him for quite a long time. Modern in the service of Mr. Zakhar has become as lazy and grouchy as the owner. He constantly complains, whines about the terrible conditions, and deceives Ilya Ilyich. Zakhar Trofimovich can rob Oblomov both in terms of money and food. The servant is a representative of the old order and believes that until death he should serve only one master. He remains faithful even after the death of his master.
Anisya- a cook in the apartment of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, she is 47 years old. She is a hardworking woman, kind, affectionate, quiet and rather modest. Anisya is not a stupid and narrow-minded person, she is much smarter than Zakhar's servant. The cook sees that Oblomov is wasting his life on the sofa in a dressing gown, surrendering to unrealizable dreams. Agafya understands that it is impossible to live like a nobleman, so you can miss your whole life. But despite her conflicting thoughts, she does not tell her master about this and continues to care for him and push around his orders.
Mukhoyarov- the brother of the mistress of the house, Agafya Pshenitsyna. He worked for a long time as a secretary in the office, and throughout his service, Mukhoyarov accumulated a fairly decent amount of money with the help of a bribe. The former secretary is a brazen and cunning person who can sell his loved ones for a small penny. If you don’t know this person well or look at him from the side, you can say that he is a quiet, petty and pathetic person who is afraid to raise his head against a nobleman. But in the soul of Mukhoyarov, as they said, he is a rather smart and narcissistic person.
Volkov- a nobleman, the first guest in Oblomov's house for 25 years. He is a fashionable, rich man who spends his whole life not on the couch in a dressing gown giving away to dreams, but at various noisy gatherings with noble people. He wears only the best clothes and jewelry, talks only about "high" things and problems. Volkov is at all social meetings, performances, theaters and various evenings. For a nobleman, the opinion of the noble crowd is more important than his desires. Volkov is ready to forget about his interests, just for the sake of respect from other people.
Sudbinsky- he is a former colleague of Oblomov in the office and is the second guest in the house of Ilya Ilyich after Volkov. He does not spend his life on rich social evenings, not on discussing people, and does not spend his life in a house in a worn dressing gown. Sudbinsky spends all his personal time on his own career. The worker tries with all his might to receive big bonuses and the best rewards. This brings him not a small income, but, despite the benefits, he lives his life within the four walls of his office.
Penkin- Another of Oblomov's acquaintances and the third guest in his house. He is a fashionable writer and writer. Penkin earns by writing various books, fashion articles in newspapers and magazines. He writes about various incidents, secular news and non-poor personalities. But despite his rather easy career, Penkin writes articles only for profit, and does not get any pleasure from it. The writer sees a rather eventful life, travels around the world and sees a lot of new things. But for Oblomov, he is just a machine that tries to survive all the juices from life.
Alekseev- An old acquaintance of Onegin and is already the fourth guest in his rented estate. He is a petty official who earns little money and does not advance through the ranks. Alekseev is fully consistent with his profession. The official is a small, quiet person who does not like to stand out among others; it is easier for him to squeeze into a corner so that no one sees him. Alekseev does not burn with his service, does not travel the world, does not like to attend various noisy secular parties. He visits Ilya Ilyich only for free food and drink.
Tarantiev- the fifth guest in a row in Oblomov's house, about 40 years old. He is a petty official, like Alekseev. Throughout his life, Tarantiev did not advance in any way in his service. The official, despite his low title among his acquaintances, is arrogant, cunning, and also a rather mercenary person. He has been robbing Oblomov and Mukhoyarov for quite a long time, "pumping" money out of him, while he lies quietly on the couch and simply does not notice it. Tarantiev is a vengeful person who will not forget a single word from an action and will not calm down until he takes revenge.
Dr. Oblomova- Another acquaintance of Oblomov and already the last guest in his house. He treats Oblomov, examines him and gives him various advice. The doctor is not used to serving small people and treats only nobles and socialites. He is one of the few people who does not cash in on a friend, but tries to get him off the couch and show how diverse the world is outside the window. He is a quiet, reserved, but considerate person. The doctor will prefer to advise, but not force you to do something.
One of the main characters in the work "Oblomov" is Oblomov Ilya Ilyich. He has outdated views that deny the future, he is also a very lazy person and does not want to do or decide anything. Oblomov is in love with Olga, but soon divorced due to quarrels and misunderstandings with each other. Soon after the divorce, he married another woman named Agafya Pshenichnaya, who was a widow.
But the next character named Stolz, he is the complete opposite of Oblomov, although he is his good friend. He is a very purposeful person, a hard worker. But it also has a number of negative qualities. They have been friends with Oblomov since their childhood. Stolz respects him and tries to help him in all matters.
Olga Ilyinskaya is a smart, interesting woman, educated, emotional. When she fell in love with Oblomov, she tried to remake him, wanted to make him a purposeful and hardworking person. But not getting what she wanted, she divorces him and marries another man, Andrei Ivanovich.
And here is the next heroine Agafya Matveevna under the name Pshenitsina, a complete antipode to Olga. She is not very distant, but good-natured. She idolizes Oblomov and indulges all his desires.
Oblomov has a servant named Zakhar Trofimovich, he has been working for him for many years, and often deceives his master. It can also steal food or take change from purchases. Behaves arrogantly with the owner. But he also had positive qualities, he was very devoted. And even after the death of his master, he does not leave his grave, even being a beggar and asking for alms.
He is also a character, he is vile and low, is a fraudster and tried to lure money from his countryman Ilya Ilyich. This person is endowed with many negative qualities.
Oblomov also has a cook named Anisya in the house. She was a very hardworking person, but soon died of a fatal illness.
Another negative character in the work was the brother of Agafya Mukhoyarov Ivan Matveevich. This is a very deceitful person, he is ready for anything for his own benefit, even to betray his family and friends. He took bribes for many years and made a big fortune on it. He is very cunning and cunning.
The brightest character in the work of the Wolves. He lives in vain and does not bring any benefit to others. Likes to have fun and be fashionable. Lives easily, without thinking about anything.
Another guest of Oblomov, as well as Comrade Volkov, was Sudbinsky. He is just as empty and only cares about his career.
Oblomov and Agafye have a son named Andrey. Agafya gave him to the family of Olga and Stulz when her husband died. She believed that in their family he could get a good education and be able to become a man with a capital letter.
Also present is another person, a petty official, by the name of Alekseev. He comes to Oblomov's house to have a tasty meal.
Penkin writes literature not for the sake of earning money, but because he really likes it, it is his hobby. Oblomov considers him a machine without a soul.
The main character of the novel "Oblomov" is rightfully considered Ilya Ilyich - a true native of Oblomovka, who showed the reader all the vices of the Russian corvée of that time. Reading the lines, you do not immediately understand that it is he who is the representative of the class that "influenced everything and set order." The author was able to perfectly show that marsh dependence of the gentlemen on their own peasant souls.
An apathetic person who has lost his craving for life, knowledge - this is exactly how this hero appears to us. We can clearly observe how, from a slightly lethargic but inquisitive child, time spent in a "greenhouse environment" makes a weak-willed silhouette with dreamy eyes. It is not at all surprising that his disregard for everything in this life, as well as the fact that he simply lost interest even in his own feelings, paying tribute only to the crumbs of needs that were still warm in a frail body.
As if in counterbalance, wanting to balance the massive figure of Oblomov, we are introduced to Andrei Ivanovich. A man with iron principles and the belief that everything can be achieved with your own hands. He is not lying on the couch, sitting out in colorful bathrobes, no. He works to achieve success in his career and personal life. It was these qualities that attracted Olga later.
Ilyinskaya is an emotional nature who wants a strong personality next to her. Her faith in high ideals, intelligence and education - all this, what moved her in an attempt to change Ilya Ilyich. But, unfortunately, he could not overcome his laziness, which led to a break in relations. And now, fate brings her to the one who is most suitable for the role of the ideal - Andrei Stolz.
Agafya Matveevna, on the contrary, is quite simple. But there is no doubt about the sincerity of her feelings, because they are manifested not only in the words, but also in the actions of this good-natured woman, who really idolizes Oblomov. Not in favor of the latter, but idolizes. We are shown her as the opposite of Olga, but still, there is something in her that makes a woman wish for a better life.
The faithful shadow that invariably accompanies Oblomov is Zakhar. He is a faithful servant who remembers the former grandeur of his master's house and resembles him in habits. Until his death, he remains the one who keeps the memory of each member of the former Oblomovka. However, he shows that he can change for the better if necessary (when he falls in love with Anisya).
Anisya herself is a kind soul with a smart head. Unfortunately, she died too early, but left her mark on this story. It is she who leads to the changes of Zakhar.
Perhaps the most unpleasant and petty hero appears to be Mikhail Tarantiev, which is striking in its self-interest. A vengeful and greedy person who wants to take everything that is "badly lying."
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The topic of this article is the characterization of the heroes of Oblomov.
The central image of the book is a young (32-33 years old) landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a lazy imposing dreamer. He is a man of medium height, with dark gray eyes, pleasant features, and puffy hands, pampered like a child. This person lives in a St. Petersburg apartment on the Vyborg side is ambiguous. Oblomov is an excellent interlocutor. He is by nature incapable of harming anyone. His soul is pure. Educated, has a broad outlook. At any given time, his face reflects a continuous stream of thoughts. It would seem that we are talking about if it were not for the enormous laziness that had taken root in Ilya Ilyich. From childhood, numerous nannies took care of him in detail. "Zakharki da Vanya" from the serfs did any work for him, even small work. In idleness and lying on the couch, his days pass.
Confiding in them, Oblomov signed an enslaving contract for his Vyborg apartment, and then paid the fake "moral damage" to Agafya Mukhoyarov's brother in the amount of ten thousand rubles by means of a fake loan letter. A friend of Ilya Ilyich Stolz exposes the scoundrels. After that, Tarantiev "goes on the run."
People around feel that he is a sincere person, Oblomov. A characteristic is a characteristic, however, the self-destruction of the protagonist by laziness does not prevent him from having friends. The reader sees how a true friend Andrei Stolz is trying to wrest Oblomov from the tight embrace of doing nothing. He also became, after the death of Oblomov, according to the will of the latter, the adoptive father for his son Andryusha.
Oblomov has a devoted and loving civil wife - the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna - an unsurpassed hostess, narrow-minded, illiterate, but honest and decent. Outwardly, she is full, but okay, hardworking. Ilya Ilyich admires her, comparing her with a cheesecake. The woman breaks off all relations with her brother Ivan Mukhoyarov, having learned about the low deception of her husband by him. After the death of a common-law husband, a woman feels that "the soul has been taken out of her." Having given her son to be raised by the Stolts, Agafya simply wants to leave after her Ilya. She is not interested in money, which is evident from her refusal of the due income from the Oblomov estate.
Ilya Ilyich is served by Zakhar - untidy, lazy, but idolizing his master and devoted to the end servant of the old school. After the death of the master, the former servant prefers to beg, but is near his grave.
Often the topic of school essays is Oblomov and Stolz. They are even opposite in appearance. Lean, swarthy, with sunken cheeks, it seems that Stolz is all made up of muscles and tendons. He has a rank behind him, a guaranteed income. Later, while working for a trading company, he earned money to buy a house. He is active and creative, he is offered an interesting and profitable job. It is he who, in the second part of the novel, is trying to bring Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya, introducing them. However, Oblomov stopped building relationships with this lady, because he was afraid to change housing and engage in active work. Disappointed Olga, who planned to re-educate the lazy man, left him. However, the image of Stolz is not ideal, despite his constant creative work. He, as the antipode of Oblomov, is afraid to dream. In this image, Goncharov invested rationality and rationalism in abundance. The writer believed that the image of Stolz had not been finalized by him. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, on the other hand, even considered this image negative, the judgment that he was “too pleased with himself” and “thinks too well of himself.”
The image of Olga Ilyinskaya is strong, complete, beautiful. Not a beauty, but surprisingly harmonious and dynamic. It is deeply spiritual and at the same time active. met her singing the aria "Casta diva". This woman turned out to be able to stir up even such a penny. But the re-education of Oblomov turned out to be an extremely difficult task, no more effective than training woodpeckers, laziness took deep roots in him. In the end, Oblomov is the first to refuse a relationship with Olga (due to laziness). A characteristic of their further relationship is Olga's active sympathy. She marries the active, reliable and faithful Andrei Stolz who fell in love with her. They have a wonderful harmonious family. But an astute reader will understand that an active German "does not reach" the level of his wife's spirituality.
A string of Goncharov's images passes before the eyes of the reader of the novel. Of course, the most striking of them is the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Having wonderful prerequisites for a successful, comfortable life, he managed to ruin himself. At the end of his life, the landowner realized what had happened to him after all, giving this phenomenon a capacious laconic name “Oblomovism”. Is it modern? And how. Today's Ilya Ilyichs have, in addition to a dream flight, also impressive resources - computer games with amazing graphics.
The novel did not reveal the image of Andrei Stolz to the extent conceived by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov. The author of the article considers this natural. After all, the classic depicted two extremes in these heroes. The first is a useless dream, and the second is a pragmatic, unspiritual activity. Obviously, only by combining these qualities in the right proportion, we get something harmonious.
