| Oblomov | Stolz | |
| origin | from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them | from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman |
| upbringing | his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized by slavery. there was a cult of food in the family, and after eating, a sound sleep | his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy |
| pledged program | Vegetation and sleep-passive onset | energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning |
| characteristic | kind, lazy most of all worries about their own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. he spends his life on the couch wearing a comfortable bathrobe. does nothing, is not interested in anything. He loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created. The amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, is the embodiment of gentleness and meekness. | strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work. thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. formed a real "iron" character. but somehow he resembles a machine, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated his whole life before us is a rather dry rationalist |
| love test | he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him) | he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya) |
I.A. Goncharov in his novel touches on a very topical issue of the opposition of labor and laziness, which for centuries has remained the most discussed and debatable. In our time, this topic is very problematic, since in our modern society there is a progress in technology and people stop working, laziness develops into the meaning of life.
The heroes of the novel, Oblomov and Stolz, have been friends since early childhood. Their acquaintance takes place while studying at the house of Stolz's father, who taught the basics of the most important sciences.
Ilya Oblomov comes from a noble family, from early childhood little Ilya is groomed and cherished. Parents and nannies forbid him to show any independent activity. Ilyusha, seeing such an attitude towards himself, immediately realized that he could do nothing, since other people would do it all for him. His training took place in the house of Stolz, he did not particularly want to study, and his parents indulged him in this. So passed the whole youth of Oblomov. Adult life was no different from childhood and youth, Oblomov continues to lead a calm and lazy lifestyle. His passivity and idleness are reflected in everyday life. He woke up for dinner, slowly climbed out of bed, lazily took food and was not interested in any business. Laziness, laid down since childhood, did not give Oblomov the slightest chance of striving for science, for knowledge of the world around him. Despite all this, his imagination was very well developed, because due to idleness, Oblomov's imaginary world was very rich. Oblomov was also a very gullible person, and the main person whom Ilya trusted was Andrei Stoltz. Shtolts is the complete antipode of Oblomov. From early childhood Andrei was accustomed to order, to work. His parents brought him up strictly but fairly. His father, who was German by nationality, instilled in Andrei accuracy, diligence and punctuality. From a young age, Andrei carried out various assignments from his father, tempering his character. He studied with Ilya, with his father, unlike Oblomov, Andrei was good at science, and he studied them with curiosity. Stolz's transition from childhood to adulthood happened very early, so Andrei was a very active person. He strove for constant replenishment of knowledge, because “learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. He had a sober and practical view of the events that were taking place, he never did anything hastily without thinking about the given issue that he needed to solve. Pledged from childhood, prudence and punctuality found a place for themselves in Stolz's adult life. Mobility and vigor contributed to him in any undertakings. Considering the life positions of Oblomov and Stolz in relation to Olga Ilyinskaya, the following conclusions can be drawn: Oblomov, living in his own world - “Oblomovshchina”, was a romantic who decided for a long time to take concrete steps in real life. Their acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya is due to Stolz. Their relationship was not strong from the very beginning. Olga, knowing a lot about Oblomov from Stolz's stories, tries to bring Oblomov back to life by means of her love, but she fails to do this and Oblomovshchina wins. The relationship between Olga and Andrey develops by itself throughout life, "she laughs at his jokes, and he listens to her singing with pleasure." They had a lot in common, but the most important thing was that they strove for life, and this contributed to their rapprochement and the formation of a family.
Be that as it may, the fates of both heroes are relatively successful. Stolz finds his happiness with Olga, and Oblomov finds his Oblomovka in a house on the Vyborg side and lives out his life there with the woman he has always dreamed of. Such a denouement shows that the author's position in relation to both of his characters is positive.
After reading the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", I am inclined to think that the events described in this work can be applied to our time, since in modern society there are many people like Stolz and Oblomov. And their opposition will be eternal.
Comparative characteristics of I. I. Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - the main character of the novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. A bright representative of Oblomovism.
Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.
Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:
Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).
I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “... She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” Nanny everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow followed him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.
Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight he sat with his father behind a geographical map ... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ...” His mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would have kept him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."
Attitude towards study and work.
Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why educational books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.
Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."
Attitude to mental activity.
Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”
Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered its area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”
Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)
Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.
Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”
In the novel Oblomov, Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people who are completely different in character and views.
A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether she is able to change a person for the better.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. Parents took care of their son too much, did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as a punishment for sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was placed in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home, not to go to school. I did not get enough knowledge at the university because of my own laziness.
Andrei Ivanovich Stolz was a smart boy. Knowledge absorbed like a sponge. His father raised him strictly. Mother did not encourage "labor education". When the father sent his son to the university, he did not lead him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him down.
Ilya is overweight. His "chubby arms and soft shoulders" gave the appearance of a certain effeminacy. "His complexion was not ruddy or swarthy, he seemed positively pale." There were always some thoughts in gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they could settle in my head.
Andrew thin, he has no cheeks at all, his skin is swarthy. "He was made of bones, nerves and muscles, reminiscent of an English horse." His face had expressive green eyes. From him comes masculinity and health.
Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two, he had made absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents to the wrong address. He was unable to complete a simple task. Lives in rented apartments. An estate inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring proper prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.
He does not try to keep pace and create something in life. Lying on the couch, constantly being in a sleepy state.
Stolz“Served, retired, went about his own business and made a house and money. He is involved in some company that sends goods abroad.” Does not allow mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth, thanks to his own efforts. “Constantly on the move: if a society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. It is necessary to create a new project or analyze a new idea - they choose Stolz.
Andrew respectful of the opposite sex. In relations with Olga Ilyinskaya, he manifests himself as a true gentleman, able to solve all the worries of his beloved, to please her. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.
Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but he could not overcome his laziness, unwillingness to change. I was afraid of the routine of marriage. He brought his beloved a lot of trouble, she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.
Andrey Stoltz, full of health, wishes to live for many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to "live for two hundred, three hundred years." Adheres to the goal that everything should be carried out on the basis of clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.
Ilya Oblomov calls himself "the old caftan". Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often draws fictitious pictures. Especially clearly highlights the images of the future wife and children.
Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.
Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not learn the latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.
When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”
This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.
Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's worldview. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.
He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.
As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and leave the apartment once again.
Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.
Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.
Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.
As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?
The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.
Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.
The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.
Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.
