The distance to Khmelnitsky by railway is 146 km, by road - 103 km.
Ancient Izyaslav was located on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. The city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the first half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
In the 15th-16th centuries, the city was attacked by Tatars every 10-20 years. In particular, there is evidence of attacks by Tatar troops in 1491, 1534 and 1577. In 1491, near Izyaslavl, a battle took place between the Tatars and an army led by the Marshal of Volyn, the governor of Novogrudok, and a year later by the Great Hetman of Lithuania, Semyon Golshansky and the Lviv castellan Nikolai from Gorodets.
Another notable battle at Izyaslav took place in 1534 between the Tatars and the Cossacks of Wenceslaus Khmelnytsky, who, by order of the Polish king Sigismund I, was sent to block the road to a detachment of Crimean Tatars breaking through from Crimea through Bessarabia.
The troops who broke through the enemy’s defenses and liberated Izyaslav and other cities were thanked by order of the Supreme Command Headquarters on March 5, 1944, and a salute was given in Moscow with 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns.
By decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces dated March 19, 1944, for the exemplary fulfillment of command assignments in the battles for the liberation of the cities of Starokonstantinov, Izyaslavl, Shumsk, Yampol, Ostropol and the valor and courage displayed, the 23rd Guards Motorized Rifle Vasilkovskaya Brigade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
More than ten large enterprises operate in the city. Among them are a bakery, a forestry enterprise, a creamery, a feed mill, Bartnik LLC (main activity: procurement and processing of beekeeping products, export), a garment factory, and a meat processing plant. In the first half of 2008, industrial output amounted to 22.9 million hryvnia. The estimated growth rate is 124.29%. On the basis of the Kharchomash plant, which has not been operating for a long time, it is planned to organize a cardboard and paper factory.
The cells of the monastery were built in 1606-1610 by the architect J. Madelena, rebuilt in 1727. The cells are brick, two-story, on the eastern facade there is a risalit formed by a refectory. In the center of the eastern facade there is a high baroque pediment, decorated with niches and volutes. Architecturally interesting is the single-tier vestibule in front of the western entrance with a magnificent Baroque pediment.
The ruins of the castle (1539) are actually a building located on the territory of the castle, where the princely property was kept. During excavations, the remains of houses from the 12th-13th centuries and castle walls were discovered here. The building is two-story, with basements made of wild stone; the masonry contains processed white stone blocks - apparently from earlier buildings. Second floor and brick tower. The basement and floors are connected by intra-wall channels for lifts.
The Church of John the Baptist (Farny) (1599) was built by the architect J. Madelena by order of Prince Ivan Zaslavsky, destroyed by the Cossacks of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, rebuilt in 1756 by the architect P. A. Fontana. It was the tomb of the princes Zaslavsky and Sangushko. Built of stone and brick: a six-pillar basilica with a tower at the front and a faceted apse in the east. Under the altar there is a crypt. There are two key-shaped loopholes on the gable of the northern risalit. The architecture of the church is a good example of a combination of Gothic and Renaissance elements.
On the territory of a 15th century castle. there is an 18th century manor house. Built by P. A. Fontana in the Baroque style. This is a palace with an arcade-gallery and an outbuilding adjacent to it, a bridge, and a church. From the 18th century manor palace, only ruins remain. The palace was rebuilt in the 1870s. It is brick, two-story, with attics. The lower floor is divided into two equal halves by a corridor. There is a central oval hall with wide flights of stairs along the walls. Manor Church of St. Joseph (1750-1760) was built by P. A. Fontana, it is a brick six-pillar treznave basilica with a rectangular altar part. On the sides of the main façade there are three-tier bell towers connected to the main part by passages.
Izyaslav Central square.jpg
central square
view of the monastery of the Order of Saint Bernard
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central Street
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Shevchenko Street (Maidan)
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City view
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old lock
Church of St. Ivan the Baptist. Zaslav.jpg
Church of St. John the Baptist
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Synagogue
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Pitchforks of the City
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Old Izyaslavl
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Church of St. Joseph
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Church of St. Michael the Archangel
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Izyaslavl in Volyn. post card
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Sanggushko Palace
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Bernardine monastery
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The next day, Prince Andrei went on visits to some houses where he had not yet been, including the Rostovs, with whom he renewed his acquaintance at the last ball. In addition to the laws of courtesy, according to which he needed to be with the Rostovs, Prince Andrei wanted to see at home this special, lively girl, who left him with a pleasant memory.
Natasha was one of the first to meet him. She was wearing a blue home dress, in which she seemed even better to Prince Andrei than in the ball gown. She and the entire Rostov family received Prince Andrei as an old friend, simply and cordially. The entire family, which Prince Andrei had previously judged strictly, now seemed to him to be made up of wonderful, simple and kind people. The hospitality and good nature of the old count, which was especially striking in St. Petersburg, was such that Prince Andrei could not refuse dinner. “Yes, these are kind, nice people,” thought Bolkonsky, who, of course, don’t understand one bit the treasure they have in Natasha; but good people who make up the best background for this especially poetic, full of life, lovely girl to stand out against!”
Prince Andrei felt in Natasha the presence of a completely alien to him, special world, filled with some unknown joys, that alien world that even then, in the Otradnensky alley and on the window, on a moonlit night, teased him so much. Now this world no longer teased him, it was no longer an alien world; but he himself, having entered it, found in it a new pleasure for himself.
After dinner, Natasha, at the request of Prince Andrei, went to the clavichord and began to sing. Prince Andrei stood at the window, talking with the ladies, and listened to her. In the middle of the sentence, Prince Andrei fell silent and suddenly felt tears coming to his throat, the possibility of which he did not know was within himself. He looked at Natasha singing, and something new and happy happened in his soul. He was happy and at the same time he was sad. He had absolutely nothing to cry about, but he was ready to cry. About what? About former love? About the little princess? About your disappointments?... About your hopes for the future?... Yes and no. The main thing that he wanted to cry about was the terrible opposition he suddenly vividly realized between something infinitely great and indefinable that was in him, and something narrow and corporeal that he himself was and even she was. This opposite tormented and delighted him while she sang.
As soon as Natasha finished singing, she came up to him and asked him how he liked her voice? She asked this and became embarrassed after she said it, realizing that she should not have asked this. He smiled looking at her and said that he liked her singing as much as anything she did.
Prince Andrei left the Rostovs late in the evening. He went to bed out of habit, but soon saw that he could not sleep. He lit a candle and sat in bed, then got up, then lay down again, not at all burdened by insomnia: his soul was so joyful and new, as if he had stepped out of a stuffy room into the free light of God. It never occurred to him that he was in love with Rostova; he didn't think about her; he only imagined her, and as a result his whole life seemed to him in a new light. “What am I fighting for, why am I fussing in this narrow, closed frame, when life, all life with all its joys, is open to me?” he said to himself. And for the first time after a long time, he began to make happy plans for the future. He decided on his own that he needed to start raising his son, finding him a teacher and entrusting him with it; then you have to retire and go abroad, see England, Switzerland, Italy. “I need to use my freedom while I feel so much strength and youth in myself,” he said to himself. Pierre was right when he said that you have to believe in the possibility of happiness in order to be happy, and now I believe in him. Let’s leave the dead to bury the dead, but while you’re alive, you must live and be happy,” he thought.
One morning, Colonel Adolf Berg, whom Pierre knew, as he knew everyone in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in a spick-and-span uniform, with his temples smeared in front, as Emperor Alexander Pavlovich wore, came to see him.
“I was just now with the Countess, your wife, and was so unhappy that my request could not be fulfilled; I hope that with you, Count, I will be happier,” he said, smiling.
-What do you want, Colonel? I am at your service.
“Now, Count, I’m completely settled in my new apartment,” Berg said, obviously knowing that it could not but be pleasant to hear this; - and that’s why I wanted to do this, a little evening for my friends and my wife’s acquaintances. (He smiled even more pleasantly.) I wanted to ask the Countess and you to do me the honor of inviting us for a cup of tea and... dinner.
“Only Countess Elena Vasilievna, considering the company of some Bergs humiliating for herself, could have the cruelty to refuse such an invitation. - Berg explained so clearly why he wants to gather a small and good society, and why it will be pleasant for him, and why he spares money for cards and for something bad, but for a good society he is ready to incur expenses that Pierre could not refuse and promised to be.
- But it’s not too late, Count, if I dare to ask, then at 10 minutes to eight, I dare to ask. We will form a party, our general will be. He is very kind to me. Let's have dinner, Count. So do me a favor.
Contrary to his habit of being late, Pierre that day, instead of eight minutes to ten minutes, arrived at the Bergs at eight minutes to a quarter.
The Bergs, having stocked up what they needed for the evening, were already ready to receive guests.
In a new, clean, bright office, decorated with busts and pictures and new furniture, Berg sat with his wife. Berg, in a brand new, buttoned uniform, sat next to his wife, explaining to her that it is always possible and should have acquaintances with people who are higher than oneself, because only then can there be a pleasure from making acquaintances. - “If you take something, you can ask for something. Look how I lived from the first ranks (Berg considered his life not as years, but as the highest awards). My comrades are now nothing yet, and I am in the vacancy of a regimental commander, I have the happiness of being your husband (he stood up and kissed Vera’s hand, but on the way to her he turned back the corner of the rolled-up carpet). And how did I acquire all this? The main thing is the ability to choose your acquaintances. It goes without saying that one must be virtuous and careful.”
Berg smiled with the consciousness of his superiority over a weak woman and fell silent, thinking that after all this sweet wife of his was a weak woman who could not comprehend everything that constitutes the dignity of a man - ein Mann zu sein [to be a man]. Vera at the same time also smiled with the consciousness of her superiority over her virtuous, good husband, but who still erroneously, like all men, according to Vera’s concept, understood life. Berg, judging by his wife, considered all women weak and stupid. Vera, judging by her husband alone and spreading this remark, believed that all men attribute intelligence only to themselves, and at the same time they do not understand anything, are proud and selfish.
Berg stood up and, hugging his wife carefully so as not to wrinkle the lace cape for which he had paid dearly, kissed her in the middle of her lips.
“The only thing is that we don’t have children so soon,” he said, out of an unconscious filiation of ideas.
“Yes,” Vera answered, “I don’t want that at all.” We must live for society.
“This is exactly what Princess Yusupova was wearing,” said Berg, with a happy and kind smile, pointing to the cape.
At this time, the arrival of Count Bezukhy was reported. Both spouses looked at each other with a smug smile, each taking credit for the honor of this visit.
“This is what it means to be able to make acquaintances,” thought Berg, this is what it means to be able to hold oneself!
“Just please, when I am entertaining guests,” said Vera, “don’t interrupt me, because I know what to do with everyone, and in what society what should be said.”
Berg smiled too.
“You can’t: sometimes you have to have a man’s conversation with men,” he said.
Pierre was received in a brand new living room, in which it was impossible to sit anywhere without violating the symmetry, cleanliness and order, and therefore it was quite understandable and not strange that Berg generously offered to destroy the symmetry of an armchair or sofa for a dear guest, and apparently being in In this regard, in painful indecision, he proposed a solution to this issue to the choice of the guest. Pierre upset the symmetry by pulling up a chair for himself, and immediately Berg and Vera began the evening, interrupting each other and keeping the guest busy.
Vera, having decided in her mind that Pierre should be occupied with a conversation about the French embassy, immediately began this conversation. Berg, deciding that a man's conversation was also necessary, interrupted his wife's speech, touching on the question of the war with Austria and involuntarily jumped from the general conversation into personal considerations about the proposals that were made to him to participate in the Austrian campaign, and about the reasons why he didn't accept them. Despite the fact that the conversation was very awkward, and that Vera was angry for the interference of the male element, both spouses felt with pleasure that, despite the fact that there was only one guest, the evening had started very well, and that the evening was like two drops of water is like any other evening with conversations, tea and lit candles.
Soon Boris, Berg's old friend, arrived. He treated Berg and Vera with a certain shade of superiority and patronage. The lady and the colonel came for Boris, then the general himself, then the Rostovs, and the evening was absolutely, undoubtedly, like all evenings. Berg and Vera could not hold back a joyful smile at the sight of this movement around the living room, at the sound of this incoherent talking, the rustling of dresses and bows. Everything was like everyone else, the general was especially similar, praising the apartment, patting Berg on the shoulder, and with paternal arbitrariness he ordered the setting up of the Boston table. The general sat down next to Count Ilya Andreich, as if he were the most distinguished of the guests after himself. Old people with old people, young people with young people, the hostess at the tea table, on which there were exactly the same cookies in a silver basket that the Panins had at the evening, everything was exactly the same as the others.
Pierre, as one of the most honored guests, was to sit in Boston with Ilya Andreich, the general and colonel. Pierre had to sit opposite Natasha at the Boston table, and the strange change that had occurred in her since the day of the ball amazed him. Natasha was silent, and not only was she not as good-looking as she was at the ball, but she would have been bad if she had not looked so meek and indifferent to everything.
"What with her?" thought Pierre, looking at her. She sat next to her sister at the tea table and reluctantly, without looking at him, answered something to Boris, who sat down next to her. Having walked away the whole suit and taken five bribes to the satisfaction of his partner, Pierre, who heard the chatter of greetings and the sound of someone’s steps entering the room while collecting bribes, looked at her again.
“What happened to her?” he said to himself even more surprised.
Prince Andrei stood in front of her with a thrifty, tender expression and told her something. She, raising her head, flushed and apparently trying to control her gusty breathing, looked at him. And the bright light of some inner, previously extinguished fire burned in her again. She was completely transformed. From being bad she again became the same as she was at the ball.
Prince Andrey approached Pierre and Pierre noticed a new, youthful expression on his friend’s face.
Pierre changed seats several times during the game, now with his back, now facing Natasha, and throughout the entire 6 Roberts made observations of her and his friend.
“Something very important is happening between them,” thought Pierre, and the joyful and at the same time bitter feeling made him worry and forget about the game.
After 6 Roberts, the general stood up, saying that it was impossible to play like that, and Pierre received his freedom. Natasha was talking to Sonya and Boris on one side, Vera was talking about something with a subtle smile to Prince Andrei. Pierre went up to his friend and, asking if what was being said was a secret, sat down next to them. Vera, noticing Prince Andrei's attention to Natasha, found that at an evening, at a real evening, it was necessary that there be subtle hints of feelings, and seizing the time when Prince Andrei was alone, she began a conversation with him about feelings in general and about her sister . With such an intelligent guest (as she considered Prince Andrei) she needed to apply her diplomatic skills to the matter.
When Pierre approached them, he noticed that Vera was in a smug rapture of conversation, Prince Andrei (which rarely happened to him) seemed embarrassed.
– What do you think? – Vera said with a subtle smile. “You, prince, are so insightful and so immediately understand the character of people.” What do you think about Natalie, can she be constant in her affections, can she, like other women (Vera meant herself), love a person once and remain faithful to him forever? This is what I consider true love. What do you think, prince?
“I know your sister too little,” answered Prince Andrei with a mocking smile, under which he wanted to hide his embarrassment, “to resolve such a delicate question; and then I noticed that the less I like a woman, the more constant she is,” he added and looked at Pierre, who came up to them at that time.
- Yes, it’s true, prince; in our time,” Vera continued (mentioning our time, as narrow-minded people generally like to mention, believing that they have found and appreciated the features of our time and that the properties of people change over time), in our time a girl has so much freedom that le plaisir d"etre courtisee [the pleasure of having admirers] often drowns out the true feeling in her. Et Nathalie, il faut l"avouer, y est tres sensible. [And Natalya, I must admit, is very sensitive to this.] The return to Natalie again made Prince Andrei frown unpleasantly; he wanted to get up, but Vera continued with an even more refined smile.
“I think no one was courtisee [the object of courtship] like her,” said Vera; - but never, until very recently, did she seriously like anyone. “You know, Count,” she turned to Pierre, “even our dear cousin Boris, who was, entre nous [between us], very, very dans le pays du tendre... [in the land of tenderness...]
Prince Andrei frowned and remained silent.
– You’re friends with Boris, aren’t you? - Vera told him.
- Yes, I know him…
– Did he tell you correctly about his childhood love for Natasha?
– Was there childhood love? - Prince Andrei suddenly asked, blushing unexpectedly.
- Yes. Vous savez entre cousin et cousine cette intimate mene quelquefois a l"amour: le cousinage est un dangereux voisinage, N"est ce pas? [You know, between a cousin and sister, this closeness sometimes leads to love. Such kinship is a dangerous neighborhood. Is not it?]
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Izyaslav, 2013, 2015
Ancient Izyaslav was located on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. According to one of the historical versions, Prince Vladimir in the 10th century allocated an inheritance here to his son Izyaslav, according to another, the city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the second half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
The Galicia-Volyn Chronicle says that in 1241 the settlement was destroyed by the Tatars. Obviously, it was no longer restored.
In the second half of the 13th century, to the side, on the banks of the Goryn, the current city was rebuilt, to which the name of the previous one passed, changing over the centuries to Zaslav, Zhaslav, Zhoslav, until in 1910 the final one took root - Izyaslav.
After the collapse of Kievan Rus, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality, and in 1321 it became a privately owned city of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. Since 1386, it has been in the possession of the Ostrog princes, who had extensive estates in Volyn. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky.
In 1673, the last prince of the Zaslavsky family, Alexander, died; his niece Maria married the Lithuanian Marshal Peter-Karol Sangushko, to whom the city passed.
In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a major economic center; it was compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin.
In 1793-1795, after the left-bank and right-bank Ukraine entered the Russian Empire, the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship, in 1796-1797 - the center of the Volyn governorate, and later - the same province within Russia.
In 1765, 2807 Jews lived in Izyaslav,
in 1886 - 6633,
in 1897 - 5998 (47.6%),
in 1912 - 6365,
in 1926 - 3820 (32.6%),
in 1939 - 3208 Jews.
The Jewish community existed in Izyaslav since the 16th century. During the “Khmelnitschina”, most Jews fled from Izyaslav, first to Ostrog and Mezhirich, then to Dubno. During the capture of Izyaslav, approx. 200 Jews (sick and returning fugitives), the synagogue was destroyed and turned into a stable.
In 1708 there was a pogrom organized by Cossack detachments.
In 1747 and 1830, facts of “blood libel” were noted in India.
In the beginning. 18th century In Izyaslav lived a student of the Baal Shem Tov, the famous cantor Rabbi Mordechai. In the 18th century Rabbi Dovid was the rabbi in Izyaslav. After the death of Rabbi Dovid, his son-in-law Yakov-Shimon Shapiro became rabbi, who founded a Hasidic dynasty in Izyaslav. The dynasty was continued by his son Ishor-Doiv-Ber, then by his grandson Pinchos-Yosef Shapiro-Dehner.
In 1857 there were 14 synagogues in Izyaslav, in 1886 - 9, in 1889 - 10, in 1902 - 11. In 1886, a Jewish hospital, an almshouse, a library of Mark-Borukh Feld and his bookstore operated in Izyaslav, in 1909 there was a Talmud Torah (closed in 1913), male, female and mixed private Jewish schools.
In the beginning. 20th century Tsaddik Avrom-Yeshua Rosenfeld lived in Izyaslav.
30 Nov 1917 a pogrom occurred in Izyaslav.
In the beginning. 1920s An illegal Zionist organization operated.
After the occupation of Izyaslav by German troops on August 24, 1941, St. 1 thousand Jews, June 28, 1942 - still approx. 2 thousand Jews.
On January 20, 1943, the remaining Jewish specialists were shot in Izyaslav.
The 379th Division took part in the liberation of Izyaslav on March 5, 1944. communications battalion under the command of Major Lazar Khonovich Blushtein.
In the 1990s. The Jewish culture society “Einikait” was created in Izyaslav.
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| All R. XVII century the famous rabbi Nathan Hanover, author of the work “The Bottomless Abyss” taught there | |||
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What to see
- Synagogue (Zaslavskaya str., 20)
- Jewish school (Ostrozhskaya street, corner of Bernardinskaya; now - school No. 3)
Other attractions
Ruins of the palace of princes Sangushko (Shevchenko street)
- Church of St. Joseph, baroque (Shevchenko st.)
- Castle (Zaslavskaya St., corner of Khmelnitsky)
- Bernardine Monastery (Gorky St.; now a prison)
Places of memory
Jewish cemetery with a symbolic monument (coordinates 50.12638, 26.80333)
- Memorial at the mass grave of Jews killed by the Nazis (in the forest, check coordinates on site)
The city is located on the Goryn River, 127 km from Lutsk and 269 km from Kyiv. Railway station on the Shepetivka-Podilska-Ternopil line.
Napoleon Horde. Sangushkov Palace, 1872
Ancient Izyaslav was founded in 987 on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. According to one of the historical versions, Prince Vladimir in the 10th century allocated an inheritance here to his son Izyaslav, according to another, the city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the second half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
The Galicia-Volyn Chronicle says that in 1241 the settlement was destroyed by the Tatars. Obviously, it was no longer restored.
The remains of ancient Izyaslav are a settlement near the village of Gorodishche, Shchepetovsky district. The archaeological expedition of M. G. Karger excavated child and a circuitous city with a triple line of ramparts and ditches. Traces of a large fire and many human bones were discovered. According to rough estimates, about 1.5 thousand people died there.
In the second half of the 13th century, to the side, on the banks of the Goryn, the current city was rebuilt, to which the name of the previous one passed, changing over the centuries to Zaslav, Zhaslav, Zhoslav, until in 1910 the final one took root - Izyaslav.
After the collapse of Kievan Rus, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality, and in 1321 it became a privately owned city of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. Since 1386, it has been in the possession of the Ostrog princes, who had extensive estates in Volyn. Their right to Izyaslav is confirmed by a charter from the Polish king Vladislav Jagiello. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky.
In the 15th-16th centuries, every 10-20 years the city was attacked by Tatars. In particular, there is evidence of attacks by Tatar troops in 1491, 1534 and 1577. In 1491, near Izyaslavl, a battle took place between the Tatars and an army led by the Marshal of Volyn, the governor of Novogrudok, and a year later by the Great Hetman of Lithuania, Semyon Golshansky and the Lviv castellan Nikolai from Gorodets.
Another notable battle at Izyaslav took place in 1534 between the Tatars and the Cossacks of Wenceslaus Khmelnitsky, who, by order of the Polish king Sigismund I, was sent to block the road to a detachment of Crimean Tatars who had broken through from Crimea through Bessarabia.
In the XVI-XVIII centuries. - a town in the Kremenets povet of the Volyn voivodeship as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a major economic center; it is compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin. In 1613, more than half of the residents of Old Izyaslav were engaged in agriculture. 40% of the townspeople combined service, craft and trade with agriculture. According to the household register of 1629, two thirds of the cities in Volyn had up to 300 houses. In 1629, Old Izyaslav was considered a medium-sized city. New Izyaslav, which was located on the other side of the Goryn River, had 508 farmsteads.
The Jewish community has existed in Izyaslav since the 16th century.
Great Synagogue (built in the 16th century)
Jewish population of Izyaslav
| Year | Population (persons) |
|---|---|
| 1765 | 2807 |
| 1797 | 1667 |
| 1805 | 2136 |
| 1847 | 6107 |
| 1857 | 6138 |
| 1884 | 6447 |
| 1886 | 6633 |
| 1897 | 5998 (47,6%) |
| 1902 | 4668 |
| 1910 | 5973 (38%) |
| 1912 | 6365 |
| 1923 | 3300 |
| 1926 | 3820 (32,6%) |
| 1939 | 3208 |
At the beginning of the 18th century. In Izyaslav lived a student of I. Baal Shem Tov, the famous cantor Rabbi Mordechai.
In the early 1920s. An illegal Zionist organization operated.
Aug 24 1941 in Izyaslav over 1000 Jews were shot, on June 28, 1942 - about 2000 Jews. 20 Jan. 1943 The remaining Jewish specialists were shot.
The 379th separate communications battalion under the command of Major Lazar Khonovich Blushtein took part in the liberation of Izyaslav on March 5, 1944.
In the 1990s. The Jewish culture society “Einikait” was created in Izyaslav.
Bernardine Monastery (early 17th century) - built in the Baroque style, with defensive functions. The monastery complex includes a Bernardine church, cells and walls with towers and gates.
The monastery church (1606-1610) was built according to the design of the Lviv architect Giacomo Madlain (Jakub Madlain), rebuilt in the mid-18th century. P. A. Fontana. The cells of the monastery were built in 1606-1610. architect J. Madelena, rebuilt in 1727.
The ruins of the castle (1539) are actually a building located on the territory of the castle, where the princely property was kept. During excavations, the remains of houses from the 12th-13th centuries and castle walls were discovered here.
The Church of John the Baptist (Farny) (1599) was built by the architect J. Madelena by order of Prince Ivan Zaslavsky, destroyed in 1648 by the Cossacks of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, rebuilt in 1756 by the architect P. A. Fontana. It was the tomb of the princes Zaslavsky and Sangushko.
On the territory of a 15th century castle. there is an 18th century manor house. Built by P. A. Fontana in the Baroque style. This is a palace with an arcade-gallery and an outbuilding adjacent to it, a bridge, and a church. From the 18th century manor palace, only ruins remain. The palace was rebuilt in the 1870s. Manor Church of St. Joseph (1750-1760) built by P. A. Fontana.
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Izyaslav(Ukrainian Izyaslav) is a city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region.
Population - 18,322 people. The distance to Khmelnitsky by train is 146 km, by road - 103 km.
Magdeburg Law - 1583, updated in 1754.
The city is located on the Goryn River. Railway station on the “Shepetivka-Podolsk-Ternopil” lane.
According to one of the historical versions, Prince Vladimir in the 10th century allocated an inheritance here to his son Izyaslav, according to another, the city was founded by Prince Izyaslav Mstislavovich in the 13th century[ source not specified 658 days] . At the end of the 13th century, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality. In the 14th century the city became the property of the Ostrog princes. Their right to Izyaslav is confirmed by a charter from the Polish king Vladislav Jagiello. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky.
In the 15th-16th centuries, every 10-20 years the city was attacked by Tatars. In particular, there is evidence of attacks by Tatar troops in 1491, 1534 and 1577. In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a significant economic center; it was compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin. In 1613, more than half of the residents of Old Izyaslav were engaged in agriculture. 40% of the townspeople combined service, craft and trade with agriculture. According to the household register of 1629, two thirds of the cities in Volyn had up to 300 houses. In 1629, Old Izyaslav was considered a medium-sized city. New Izyaslav, which was located on the other side of the Goryn River, had 508 farmsteads. In 1648, Bogdan Khmelnytsky stormed Izyaslav Castle.
Later, according to the Andruseevsky Truce, Izyaslav came under the control of Poland. Some local residents, fleeing the oppression of the Zaslavsky princes, and from 1673 - Sangushko, left for other areas[ source not specified 658 days] . In 1793-1795, after the reunification of the left-bank and right-bank Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire, the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship, in 1796-1797 - the center of the Volyn governorate, and later - the same province as part of the Russian Federation. At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Izyaslav only slightly exceeded 10 thousand people. Moreover, a significant difference occurred between 1919 and 23 years: in 1919 - 18 thousand inhabitants, in 1923 - 10 thousand. In 1921-1923, famine began in the Izyaslavsky region, where Russian power had already been established, as a result of the food appropriation program. However, it was less terrible than in the East of Ukraine[ source not specified 658 days] . A stream of refugees poured into the Izyaslavsky region from the eastern regions, and with them speculators.
There are more than 10 huge companies operating in the city. Among them are bakeries, a forestry enterprise, a feed mill, a clothing factory, and a meat processing plant. For the first half of 2008, industrial output amounted to 22.9 million hryvnia. The estimated growth rate is 124.29%. On the basis of the Kharchomash plant, which has not been operating for a long time, it is planned to organize a cardboard and paper factory.
Minkov I.I., Stetsyuk V.V. Izyaslavl Region: nature - history - people. - Kiev: Steel, 2008
| Settlements of Izyaslavsky district, Khmelnytsky region |
|
|---|---|
| City: | Izyaslav |
| Villages: | Antonovka | Basims | Belevo | Belizhintsy | Belogorodka | Belotin | Belchin | Belchinka | Borisov | Vaskovtsy | Velyka Radogoshch | Great Bubbles | Vlashanovka | Grigorovka | Dankovites | Palace | Dertka | Dibrovka | Dobrin | Dolochye | Zabrod | Zavadintsy | Zakrinichnoe | Zakruzhtsy | Zarechye | Zubari | Ivanovka | Kaletinians | Kalinovka | Kamenka | Clubbing | Kominy | Kondratki | Krivoluka | Krapivna | Kunev | Lesnaya | Leshchany | Lopushnoe | Lutharka | Malaya Medvedevka | Malaya Radogoshch | Peaceful | Myslyatin | Mikhailovka | Mikhlya | Mikhnov | Mokrets | Pulp | Nechaevka | New Gutiska | New Village | Novoselka | Novostav | Pivneva Gora | Files | Pluzhnoe | Podlestsy | Pokoshchovka | Polesskoe | Priputenka | Priputni | Putrintsy | Radoshevka | Rakitnoe | Revukha | Turnips | Sakhnovites | Svirida | Siver | Smorshki | Sokhuzhintsy | Soshnoye | Old Gutiska | Side | Tarasovka | Telezhintsy | Ternavka | Hatchets | Axes | Tyshevichi | Ulyanovka | Want 2nd | Want 1st | Khristevka | Caps | Chizhovka | Shevchenko | Shekerinians | Shurovchiki | Shchurovtsy |
| Khmelnitsky region |
||
|---|---|---|
| Districts | Belogorsky Vinkovetsky Volochyssky Gorodok Derazhnyansky Dunaevetsky Izyaslavsky Kamenets-Podolsky Krasilovsky Letichevsky Novoushytsky Polonsky Slavutsky Starokonstantinovsky Starosinyavsky Teofipolsky Khmelnytsky Chemerovets Shepetovsky Yarmolinetsky | |
The city of Izyaslav is considered one of the most depressing in the entire Khmelnitsky region. It certainly didn’t seem prosperous to me, but I didn’t see any extreme poverty there. At the same time, from the point of view of a tourist, Izyaslav, located in the north of the region, 100 km from Khmelnitsky, is of considerable interest. Very little ordinary historical buildings have been preserved here, but there are a number of outstanding sights, albeit often in ruins.
Izyaslav was first mentioned in 1096. However, the current city has no direct relation to the original one. Chronicle Zaslav was located near modern Shepetivka, in the area of the village of Gorodishche (where, by the way, there is an interesting monastery with a cathedral in the Vilna Baroque style, a rare thing in Ukraine). Archaeologists excavated that Zaslav, found Detynets and a round town with a triple line of ramparts and ditches, a heap of human bones. It is assumed that on one not so wonderful day in 1241, this city was burned by the Tatars, and about one and a half thousand of its inhabitants died along with it.
After such a misfortune, in the second half of the 13th century, Zaslav was rebuilt, 20 kilometers to the east on the banks of the Goryn River. Over time, it became the personal property of Grand Duke Gediminas, then became part of the Volynian possessions of the Ostrozhskys, and eventually passed to the son of Prince Vasily Fedorovich Ostrozhsky, Yuri, who became the founder of a new magnate family, which received the Zaslavsky surname from its main residence. Zaslav (or Zhaslavl, Zhoslav) flourished to such an extent that in the second half of the 16th century the Zaslavskys decided to found another city on the opposite bank of the Goryn. Thus, already in 1579, New Zaslav appeared on the maps:
And they [Yanush and Mikhail Zaslavsky] on the shaggy soil of their Old Zhaslavl, on the other side of the place of Old Zhaslavl, the place of New Zhaslavl, they wanted to lay siege to their belongings, they began to lay siege to their skin,- said the privilege, which in 1583 gave Magdeburg law to Novy Zaslav. Both Zaslavs had a castle, and in Novy the princes of Sangushki, to whom this double city passed after the extinction of the Zaslavskys in 1673, also built a palace. In 1792, the Ukrainian Izyaslavl even became a provincial town, and who knows what its fate would have been, but in 1795 the center of the Izyaslavl province was moved first to Novograd-Volynsky, and then to Zhitomir, and the province itself was renamed Volyn. Izyaslav remained only a district town.
There will be two big episodes about Izyaslav, there is something to see there. We examined it in a not entirely logical order, starting with Novy Zaslav. About him in the first part.
1. We disembarked from the train in Shepetivka. For the convenience of passengers, the bus station was built there at the other end of the city; it’s easier to take a taxi to Izyaslav from the railway station. We entered the city at dusk.
2. Shevchenko Street, one of the two central ones in Novy Zaslav, towards the exit from the city. Somewhere there is an abandoned (or semi-abandoned) military town, but, alas, we did not know about it. Previously, 100,500 Soviet military personnel were stationed in Izyaslav, which was the basis of its prosperity. After the disbandment of units that were not needed by independent Ukraine, Izyaslav began to mope.
3. However, we did see something similar to the pre-war DOS.
4. The pavilion with the name “Beer and Water” that caresses the nostalgic eye. It belongs to the Slavuta brewery (Slavuta is a city between Neteshyn and Shepetovka), which produces an interesting beer “Prince Sangushko”. Before leaving Izyaslav, I specifically ran here again to buy branded goods. The men, melancholy consuming draft Slavuta in the store, advised us to take the brewery’s new variety, “Princess Sangushko”. In general, these regions are simply a reserve for small, independent breweries. They are in Khmelnitsky, and in Berdichev, and in Slavuta. Thanks to this, the collection of corks from drunk beers was significantly enriched during the trip.
5. We went west, to Goryn, along the street. Shevchenko. The first attraction is already visible ahead.
6. Fire station.
7. The monastery of the Lazarite Fathers has been preserved in full: both the church and the residential buildings with which it is built on almost all sides.
8. Monastery complex with the Church of St. Joseph was built for the exotic Lazarite Order on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1755. The buildings in the late Baroque style were designed by the outstanding architect Paolo Fontana, and the founder was the great Marshal of Lithuania Pavel Karol Sangushko
9. In fact, the church served as a brownie at the nearby Sangushek residence. Now it is still Catholic, but the residential buildings of the monastery are used by a wide variety of institutions: from a children's art school to the editorial office of the newspaper "Zorya Nadgorinnya".
10. Across the street from the complex (on the left) is the abandoned building of the monastery hospital.
11. This is how the Lazarite monastery looked in the watercolor of Napoleon Orda, who arrived here in 1872. On the right is Novozaslavsky Castle.
12. And this is how it looks now from a similar angle.
13. The side church bell towers are decorated not with crosses, but with such elegant crowns with palm branches.
14. Opposite the Lazarite monastery is the complex of the Novozaslavsky castle, the Zaslavsky palace and the Sangushek palace. These are all different structures, ultimately united into a single ensemble.
15. Plan of the complex. A: Sangushko Palace; B: Yard; C: Zaslavsky Palace; D: Old building of the Novozaslavsky castle; E: Local Government Building; F: Church of St. Joseph and the Monastery of the Lazarite Fathers; G: Lazarite Hospital.
16. We enter the territory of the Zaslavsky-Sangushek residence through the so-called. "Yard" (point B on the plan), a rectangular structure in projection, in 1759-64. uniting the newly built Sangushko Palace with the Zaslavsky Palace, surrounded on three sides except the east by galleries, and having monumental gates on the east and west. One of these gates is pictured. To their left is the side facade of the Sangushek Palace.
17. This is the so-called the Zaslavsky Palace, the far right part of which is a fragment of the Novozaslavsky castle, built during the founding of Novy Zaslav in the last quarter of the 16th century on the cape formed by the confluence of the Ponori and the Goryn.
18. And this is the side facade of the Sangushek palace, which did not fit into the residence of their predecessors and started construction of a new one.
19. In 1944, due to shelling by the Soviet army and the fire it caused, the palace complex was significantly damaged. After World War II, the Sangushek Palace was not used; the military converted only the Zaslavsky Palace and the Novozaslavsky Castle into dormitories and warehouses.
20. Church of St. Joseph from the ruins of the palace and castle complex.
21. In the early 1980s, the Soviet military finally stopped using the Zaslavsky Palace. It (pictured) quickly came into line with the neighboring Sangushko Palace.
22. The internal facade of the latter, facing the cape between the rivers.
23. This is how Napoleon Orda saw him in 1872. On the left is the Zaslavsky Palace and the Dvora Gallery, which unites the ensemble. At the right edge of the picture you can see a preserved building of unclear purpose.
24. A killer dog rushes from the Lazarite Church, which accompanied us throughout the entire exploration of this territory.
25. External facade of the Sangushek Palace.
26. Suddenly the sun came out and scared everyone.
27. The benches stand in front of the same building that appeared in the Horde’s drawing, to which two long extensions were made on both sides. Now there are medical institutions here, and the area between it and the Sangushek Palace is used for cultural events.
28. Beautiful drawings on the wall of an outbuilding.
29. They reminded me that we also have our own Izyaslavl.
30. From the territory of the Novozaslavsky castle there are good views of Stary Zaslav, located on the left bank of the Goryn.
31. Goryn is dammed. At the left edge of the photo (to the left of the church) is Starozaslavsky Castle. At the right edge, behind the trees, the complex of the Bernardine monastery is visible.
32. We’ll go to him in the next episode.
33. Nativity Church and the ruins of the Farny Church in Stary Zaslav.
34. Now let's look at Novy Zaslav itself. Self-propelled artillery unit ISU-152, another evidence of Izyaslav’s military past. It stands between the palaces and the monastery.
35. Shevchenko Street near the monastery turns towards the central square of the city, crossing the Ponorya River along the way.
36. Central square and bridge over the river.
37. Restaurant (?) "Goryn".
38. Monument to the victims of the Holodomor.
39. Area. Buildings from left to right: district administration, district council, high school.
40. Near the school is a monument to the founding of the city in 1096. As I have already noted, the specified date has nothing to do with this particular place. Even the second Zaslav was not founded here, only the third.
41. Area.
42. View from here of the monastery and palace complex, hidden by trees.
43. School with a giant flagpole.
44. The honor board is in front of her.
46. Izyaslavsky Lenin, very Western for Ukraine.
47. Sketch "Lenin and the District Committee".
48. We walked a little along Independence Street, another central Izyaslav highway.
49. Post office with a mosaic of the Ostankino TV tower.
51. Mysterious stencil.
52. Cafe "Ukrainian".
53. Former cinema, now the regional House of Creativity for Children and Youth "Rainbow".
54. Memorial to internationalist soldiers with a bust of Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Onishchuk, probably a local native.
55. Perspective of Independence Street towards the exit from the city to Shepetovka.
56. Another high school, it looks like it was pre-war.
57. Let's return to the square and go along Grushevsky Street to Stary Zaslav.
58. On the road there is also a Glory Square with a war memorial.
About Stary Zaslav in the next part.
In previous episodes.
