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Izyaslav, 2013, 2015
Ancient Izyaslav was located on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. According to one of the historical versions, Prince Vladimir in the 10th century allocated an inheritance here to his son Izyaslav, according to another, the city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the second half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
The Galicia-Volyn Chronicle says that in 1241 the settlement was destroyed by the Tatars. Obviously, it was no longer restored.
In the second half of the 13th century, to the side, on the banks of the Goryn, the current city was rebuilt, to which the name of the previous one passed, changing over the centuries to Zaslav, Zhaslav, Zhoslav, until in 1910 the final one took root - Izyaslav.
After the collapse of Kievan Rus, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality, and in 1321 it became a privately owned city of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. Since 1386, it has been in the possession of the Ostrog princes, who had extensive estates in Volyn. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky.
In 1673, the last prince of the Zaslavsky family, Alexander, died; his niece Maria married the Lithuanian Marshal Peter-Karol Sangushko, to whom the city passed.
In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a major economic center; it was compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin.
In 1793-1795, after the left-bank and right-bank Ukraine entered the Russian Empire, the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship, in 1796-1797 - the center of the Volyn governorate, and later - the same province within Russia.
In 1765, 2807 Jews lived in Izyaslav,
in 1886 - 6633,
in 1897 - 5998 (47.6%),
in 1912 - 6365,
in 1926 - 3820 (32.6%),
in 1939 - 3208 Jews.
The Jewish community existed in Izyaslav since the 16th century. During the “Khmelnitschina”, most Jews fled from Izyaslav, first to Ostrog and Mezhirich, then to Dubno. During the capture of Izyaslav, approx. 200 Jews (sick and returning fugitives), the synagogue was destroyed and turned into a stable.
In 1708 there was a pogrom organized by Cossack detachments.
In 1747 and 1830, facts of “blood libel” were noted in India.
In the beginning. 18th century In Izyaslav lived a student of the Baal Shem Tov, the famous cantor Rabbi Mordechai. In the 18th century Rabbi Dovid was the rabbi in Izyaslav. After the death of Rabbi Dovid, his son-in-law Yakov-Shimon Shapiro became rabbi, who founded a Hasidic dynasty in Izyaslav. The dynasty was continued by his son Ishor-Doiv-Ber, then by his grandson Pinchos-Yosef Shapiro-Dehner.
In 1857 there were 14 synagogues in Izyaslav, in 1886 - 9, in 1889 - 10, in 1902 - 11. In 1886, a Jewish hospital, an almshouse, a library of Mark-Borukh Feld and his bookstore operated in Izyaslav, in 1909 there was a Talmud Torah (closed in 1913), male, female and mixed private Jewish schools.
In the beginning. 20th century Tsaddik Avrom-Yeshua Rosenfeld lived in Izyaslav.
30 Nov 1917 a pogrom occurred in Izyaslav.
In the beginning. 1920s An illegal Zionist organization operated.
After the occupation of Izyaslav by German troops on August 24, 1941, St. 1 thousand Jews, June 28, 1942 - still approx. 2 thousand Jews.
On January 20, 1943, the remaining Jewish specialists were shot in Izyaslav.
The 379th Division took part in the liberation of Izyaslav on March 5, 1944. communications battalion under the command of Major Lazar Khonovich Blushtein.
In the 1990s. The Jewish culture society “Einikait” was created in Izyaslav.
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| All R. XVII century the famous rabbi Nathan Hanover, author of the work “The Bottomless Abyss” taught there | |||
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What to see
- Synagogue (Zaslavskaya str., 20)
- Jewish school (Ostrozhskaya street, corner of Bernardinskaya; now - school No. 3)
Other attractions
Ruins of the palace of princes Sangushko (Shevchenko street)
- Church of St. Joseph, baroque (Shevchenko st.)
- Castle (Zaslavskaya St., corner of Khmelnitsky)
- Bernardine Monastery (Gorky St.; now a prison)
Places of memory
Jewish cemetery with a symbolic monument (coordinates 50.12638, 26.80333)
- Memorial at the mass grave of Jews killed by the Nazis (in the forest, check coordinates on site)
The distance to Khmelnitsky by railway is 146 km, by road - 103 km.
Ancient Izyaslav was located on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. The city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the first half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
In the 15th-16th centuries, the city was attacked by Tatars every 10-20 years. In particular, there is evidence of attacks by Tatar troops in 1491, 1534 and 1577. In 1491, near Izyaslavl, a battle took place between the Tatars and an army led by the Marshal of Volyn, the governor of Novogrudok, and a year later by the Great Hetman of Lithuania, Semyon Golshansky and the Lviv castellan Nikolai from Gorodets.
Another notable battle at Izyaslav took place in 1534 between the Tatars and the Cossacks of Wenceslaus Khmelnytsky, who, by order of the Polish king Sigismund I, was sent to block the road to a detachment of Crimean Tatars breaking through from Crimea through Bessarabia.
The troops who broke through the enemy’s defenses and liberated Izyaslav and other cities were thanked by order of the Supreme Command Headquarters on March 5, 1944, and a salute was given in Moscow with 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns.
By decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces dated March 19, 1944, for the exemplary fulfillment of command assignments in the battles for the liberation of the cities of Starokonstantinov, Izyaslavl, Shumsk, Yampol, Ostropol and the valor and courage displayed at the same time, the 23rd Guards Motorized Rifle Vasilkovskaya Brigade was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
More than ten large enterprises operate in the city. Among them are a bakery, a forestry enterprise, a creamery, a feed mill, Bartnik LLC (main activity: procurement and processing of beekeeping products, export), a garment factory, and a meat processing plant. In the first half of 2008, industrial output amounted to 22.9 million hryvnia. The estimated growth rate is 124.29%. On the basis of the Kharchomash plant, which has not been operating for a long time, it is planned to organize a cardboard and paper factory.
The cells of the monastery were built in 1606-1610 by the architect J. Madelena, rebuilt in 1727. The cells are brick, two-story, on the eastern facade there is a risalit formed by a refectory. In the center of the eastern facade there is a high baroque pediment, decorated with niches and volutes. Architecturally interesting is the single-tier vestibule in front of the western entrance with a magnificent Baroque pediment.
The ruins of the castle (1539) are actually a building located on the territory of the castle, where the princely property was kept. During excavations, the remains of houses from the 12th-13th centuries and castle walls were discovered here. The building is two-story, with basements made of wild stone; the masonry contains processed white stone blocks - apparently from earlier buildings. Second floor and brick tower. The basement and floors are connected by intra-wall channels for lifts.
The Church of John the Baptist (Farny) (1599) was built by the architect J. Madelena by order of Prince Ivan Zaslavsky, destroyed by the Cossacks of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, rebuilt in 1756 by the architect P. A. Fontana. It was the tomb of the princes Zaslavsky and Sangushko. Built of stone and brick: a six-pillar basilica with a tower at the front and a faceted apse in the east. Under the altar there is a crypt. There are two key-shaped loopholes on the gable of the northern risalit. The architecture of the church is a good example of a combination of Gothic and Renaissance elements.
On the territory of a 15th century castle. there is an 18th century manor house. Built by P. A. Fontana in the Baroque style. This is a palace with an arcade-gallery and an outbuilding adjacent to it, a bridge, and a church. From the 18th century manor palace, only ruins remain. The palace was rebuilt in the 1870s. It is brick, two-story, with attics. The lower floor is divided into two equal halves by a corridor. There is a central oval hall with wide flights of stairs along the walls. Manor Church of St. Joseph (1750-1760) was built by P. A. Fontana, it is a brick six-pillar treznave basilica with a rectangular altar part. On the sides of the main façade there are three-tier bell towers connected to the main part by passages.
Izyaslav Central square.jpg
central square
view of the monastery of the Order of Saint Bernard
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central Street
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Shevchenko Street (Maidan)
A viev in New Zaslav.JPG
City view
Zaslav zamok old.png
old lock
Church of St. Ivan the Baptist. Zaslav.jpg
Church of St. John the Baptist
The Big synagogue in Zaslav.jpg
Synagogue
Old zaslav 1910.jpeg
Pitchforks of the City
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Old Izyaslavl
Kostiol of St. Joseph Zaslav postivka.jpg
Church of St. Joseph
St Michael`s church Zaslav.jpeg
Church of St. Michael the Archangel
Zaslav on Volin. Delivery. 1910.jpg
Izyaslavl in Volyn. post card
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Sanggushko Palace
Monastir Bernardin Zaslav.png
Bernardine monastery
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Heraldry
Coat of arms
Izyaslavsky district
There is a silver cross on a red field. In the green chapter there are three golden crowns in a row. The shield is bordered by a wreath of golden ears of corn and green oak leaves, wrapped in an azure ribbon with the golden inscription "Izyaslavsky District", and topped with a golden territorial crown.
Flag
The flag of the district is a rectangular panel with a width to length ratio of 2: 3, divided vertically into two parts - from the flagpole green (1/3 of the flag's width), on which there are three yellow princely crowns with a red outline, one above the other; the part from the free edge is red, on it there is a white cross (the width of the cross muscle is equal to 1/4 of the width of the flag).
Coat of armsThe coat of arms has the shape of a rectangle with a semicircle at the base. In the red field of the shield there is a silver city gate with three towers, each with one loophole and crowned with a princely crown and an open gate, in which a silver horseman in knightly armor holding a sword in his right, a blue shield with a gold two-level cross in his left, on a silver horse
Flag
Rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, red. In the center of the flag is the city's coat of arms and the inscription Izyaslav.
Izyaslavsky district(Ukrainian Izyaslavsky district) is an administrative unit of the Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Izyaslav.
Located in the northwestern part of the region.
It borders in the northeast with Slavutsky, in the east with Shepetovsky, in the southeast with Starokonstantinovsky, in the south with Krasylovsky, in the southwest with Teofipolsky, in the west with Belogorsky districts of the Khmelnytsky region. In the north it borders with the Neteshinsky City Council. In the north-west it borders with the Rivne region (Ostrog district of the Rivne region, Ostrog city council),
Population: 43,812 people (2017)
Area: 1.3 thousand sq. km.
The main waterways of the region are the rivers Goryn, Viliya, Khomora, Gniloy Rog and others; Lake Svyatoe is located here.
The Shepetivka-Podolskaya-Ternopil and Shepetivka-Podolskaya-Starokonstantinov-1 railway lines and two territorial highways pass through the area: T 2313 - from west to east and T 1804 - from north to south.
(Ukrainian Izyaslav) is a city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region.
It is located on the Goryn River (a tributary of the Pripyat), which divides it into two parts - the Old Town and the New Town. Railroad station. The distance to the regional center is 146 km.
The administrative center of the Izyaslav City Council, to which other villages and towns are not subordinate.
Population: 17,002 people
Telephone code: +380 3852
Settlements on the territory of modern Izyaslav already existed in ancient times. During excavations in the vicinity of the city, polished flint axes and other tools of the Neolithic era were discovered. Near Izyaslav, in the Ostron tract, at the end of the 19th century. An ancient Russian burial ground was excavated, and craftsmen's tools, stone, glass, and iron products were found on the territory of the city.
Some historians believe that the formation of the city is connected with the activities of Prince Vladimir, when he, at the end of the 10th century, allocated one of the then largest Slavic settlements on the Goryn River to his son Izyaslav, making it the center of the estate, calling it Izyaslav, that is, due to Izyaslav.
According to another version, Izyaslav was founded by Prince Izyaslav Mstislavovich, where in the second half of the 12th century. along the Gusyni River, near the present village of Gorodishche (Shepetovsky district). In 1241 the Tatars destroyed this settlement, which was never rebuilt. A new settlement arose at the end of the 13th century. already on the Gorini River. At different times, documents record its slightly different names: Izyaslavl (XIII century), Zaslav, Zaslavl, Izyaslav (XIV - XX centuries).
At the end of the 13th century. the city was part of the Galician-Volyn principality. In the XIV century. Izyaslav became the possession of the Ostrog princes, whose rights to the city were confirmed by a charter from the King of Poland Vladislav Jagiello and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas. In 1466, on the banks of the Goryn, the Zaslavsky princes (a branch of the Ostrozhsky family) began construction of a castle. Ramparts and other fortifications were built around the castle (their remains are still preserved).
XV-XVI centuries were alarming and restless for the city. Every 10-20 years Volyn was attacked by the Tatars. An attack of the Tatars on Izyaslav in 1491, battles under the walls of the city between the Polish army and the Tatars in 1534 and 1577 were recorded. They made great devastation in the vicinity of Izyaslav in 1618.
In the 17th century Izyaslav turned into a significant economic and trade center in the south of Volyn. 1629 in the city there were 875 smokes, 4-4.5 thousand inhabitants - significantly more than in other cities.. The main branch of the city's economy was agriculture.
Events of the liberation war of the Ukrainian people 1648-1654. In Izyaslav they became an expressive manifestation of the class struggle of peasants and artisans against feudal oppression. In 1648, the troops of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, relying on the help of the population of the city and neighboring villages, took Izyaslavsky Castle. In subsequent years, Izyaslav and its surroundings became the scene of a brutal armed struggle between the rebel people and the Polish feudal lords. In 1652, a plague epidemic broke out.
After the end of the liberation war, Izyaslav and its surroundings, like all of Volyn, remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Feudal oppression and the deterioration of the situation of the working population led to a significant spread in the south of Volyn by the uprising led by Paly and Samus. In the winter of 1702-1703. It also spread to Sangushko’s possession. In 1712, a new explosion of anti-feudal struggle took place in Volyn. Crown Hetman Adam Sinyavsky noted that “willful” detachments were operating in the Ostroh Ordination area.
After the reunification of Right Bank Ukraine with the Left Bank as part of the Russian state during 1793-1795. the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship in 1796-1797. - the center of the Volyn governorate district, later - the same province. In Izyaslav there were district institutions, a large staff of officials, garrisons of Russian troops were stationed: at the beginning of the 19th century - the Novgorod and Little Russian Grenadier regiments of the first army, led by M. I. Kutuzov, in 1812 - parts of the army of General Tormasov.
In the first half of the 19th century. Izyaslav remained a small town with small trade and crafts, although certain changes in its life certainly occurred. In Izyaslav there were weekly trades, 6 annual fairs, and there were about 200 different types of trading establishments.
In 1913, a railway track was laid through Izyaslav and a railway station was built.
Izyaslav, in terms of its cultural and everyday life, was a provincial town, backward even in comparison with other cities of Volyn. Only the central streets were illuminated by a few kerosene lanterns. At the beginning of the 20th century. The city was served by 15 cab drivers. There was a county hospital and several private doctors practiced.
In 1869, a city two-class school and an elementary school were opened, and about thirty years later - a women's higher elementary school and a one-year elementary school.
During the First World War, Izyaslav found itself in the area of operations of the Southwestern Front. Here were the headquarters of military units, field hospitals and the like. There were continuous mobilizations of the population for rear work.
In February 1918, the city was occupied by Austro-German troops. In August 1919, the city was captured by the Petliurites. In the summer of 1920, the Red Army began fighting for the liberation of Podolia from the troops of the Polish occupiers and Petliurists. Izyaslav was finally liberated from enemy troops in the second half of November 1920.
On July 5, 1941, Izyaslav was occupied by the Nazis. In February 1944, the battles for the liberation of Izyaslav began, which were a striking example of close interaction between the Red Army and partisan detachments. Partisan fighting for the city began on February 16. By noon the enemy was driven out of Izyaslav. But a few hours later the Nazis, having received new reinforcements, attacked the New Town area. On the morning of February 17, a battalion of regular Soviet troops arrived to help the partisans.
The great city of Izyaslav, the first capital of the Volyn Province, one of the oldest cities in the Khmelnytsky region and Ukraine, has been known since 988. The city in the north of the Khmelnytsky region, in the so-called Shepetovsky District, is known for its cultural monuments of national importance, which from year to year are falling into disrepair, as well as the monastery in which the prison is now located. The main residence of the Sangushki, the place where such great people as Peter the Great, Alexander the Third and others were. The previously significant city at the end of the 19th century numbered more than 20 thousand people, developed infrastructure and numerous architectural monuments, was one of the richest cities in the Volyn province, but when they built a railway line, instead of making it a large railway junction, they made Shepetivka, and from that time the decline of the city began. After the murder of Sangushka, the city began to wither, palaces were destroyed, churches were demolished, churches were robbed, this is how Izyaslav met the 20s, naked and poor, after the revolution there was a famine that killed half the population, and then a war with racial purges. In Soviet times, the city rose noticeably, especially in military and industrial terms. In the nineties, decline came to the city again, all military and enterprises closed, the population began to flee the city in search of work and new housing.
Currently, the city has improved a little, improvement has improved, some industrial enterprises have resumed their work. But still the city is in depression, it is one of the most underrated cities, and with its potential and today’s depression, the city can safely be called one of the worst cities in the Khmelnytsky region, Due to the fact that neither the recreational nor tourism potential is used, destroyed military units, architectural monuments and the presence of two prisons in the city add more tar, the city is in stagnation.
Located on the Goryn River.
Railway station on the Shepetivka-Podolskaya – Ternopil line.
A city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region.
Population: 21,356 people.
The great city of Izyaslav, the first capital of the Volyn Province, one of the oldest cities in the Khmelnytsky region and Ukraine, has been known since 988. The city in the north of the Khmelnytsky region, in the so-called Shepetovsky District, is known for its cultural monuments of national importance, which from year to year are falling into disrepair, as well as the monastery in which the prison is now located. The main residence of the Sangushki, the place where such great people as Peter the Great, Alexander the Third and others were. The previously significant city at the end of the 19th century numbered more than 20 thousand people, developed infrastructure and multiple monuments...
Izyaslav (Ukrainian Izyaslav, Polish Zasław) is a city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region. The distance to Khmelnitsky by railway is 146 km, by road - 103 km.
Geography
The city is located on the Goryn River, 127 km from Lutsk and 269 km from Kyiv. Railway station on the Shepetivka-Podilska-Ternopil line.
History of Izyaslav
Ancient Izyaslav was located on the eastern border of the Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. The city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the first half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142. The Galicia-Volyn Chronicle says that in 1241 the settlement was destroyed by the Tatars. Obviously, it was no longer restored. The remains of ancient Izyaslav are a settlement near the village of Gorodishche, Shepetovsky district. The archaeological expedition of M. G. Karger excavated Detinets and a roundabout city with a triple line of ramparts and ditches. Traces of a large fire and many human bones were discovered. According to rough estimates, about 1.5 thousand people died there. In the second half of the 13th century, to the side, on the banks of the Goryn, the current city was rebuilt, to which the name of the previous one passed, changing over the centuries to Zaslav, Zhaslav, Zhoslav, until in 1910 the final one took root - Izyaslav. After the collapse of the Old Russian state, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality, and in 1321 it became a privately owned city of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. Since 1386, it has been in the possession of the Ostrog princes, who had extensive estates in Volyn. Their right to Izyaslav is confirmed by a charter from the Polish king Vladislav Jagiello. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky. In the 15th-16th centuries, the city was attacked by Tatars every 10-20 years. In particular, there is evidence of attacks by Tatar troops in 1491, 1534 and 1577. In 1491, near Izyaslavl, a battle took place between the Tatars and an army led by the Marshal of Volyn, the governor of Novogrudok, and a year later by the Great Hetman of Lithuania, Semyon Golshansky and the Lviv castellan Nikolai from Gorodets. Another notable battle at Izyaslav took place in 1534 between the Tatars and the Cossacks of Wenceslaus Khmelnitsky, who, by order of the Polish king Sigismund I, was sent to block the road to a detachment of Crimean Tatars who had broken through from Crimea through Bessarabia. In 1673, the last prince of the Zaslavsky family, Alexander, died; his niece Maria married the Lithuanian Marshal Peter-Karol Sangushko, to whom the city passed. In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a major economic center; it was compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin. In 1613, more than half of the residents of Old Izyaslav were engaged in agriculture. 40% of the townspeople combined service, craft and trade with agriculture. According to the household register of 1629, two thirds of the cities in Volyn had up to 300 houses. In 1629, Old Izyaslav was considered a medium-sized city. New Izyaslav...
