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It is generally accepted that they are divided into weak and strong types, the main differences between which result in the peculiarities of their conjugation, namely, in the formation of imperfect forms (Präteritum), Partizip II and the indefinite infinitive form, which make up the three main dominants of German verbs. At the same time, the main classification criterion here is the formative factor, and the main indicator for conjugation is verbal affixation.

The most numerous in composition and, at the same time, productive verb group in the modern German language is demonstrated by weak verbs, conjugated according to the same general rules. Thus, weak German verbs, first of all, are distinguished by the absence of any changes in relation to their root vowels (lernen - lernte - gelernt; arbeiten - arbeitete - gearbeitet, etc.), the use of the coefficient suffix -(e)te-, characteristic for the forms Imperfekt (frag-en - frag+te), as well as by adding the suffix -(e)t and the prefix ge- to the verb stems in the forms Partizip II (frag-en - ge+frag+t).

In this regard, it should be noted that in the German language there is a special group of weak verbs, which is formed by units that demonstrate differences in relation to the root vowels in the infinitive and in the forms Partizip II and Imperfekt. This group includes a number of verbs (brennen - brannte - gebrannt; senden - sandte - gesandt; denken - dachte - gedacht, etc.), the conjugation of which linguists advise to learn by heart.

In turn, the rules of formation in relation to strong verbs are of a special nature and are almost always accompanied by changes in the vowel at the root. Sometimes, taking into account this feature, strong German verbs are divided into a number of subgroups - Ablautreihen, of which there are eight in total (rows of variation of the vowel in the root - 1. spring-en - sprang - ge-sprung-en. 2. - befehl-en - befahl - befohl -en. 3. - mitlauf-en -

lief mit - mitgelauf-en, etc.). In addition to the alternation of root vowels, a feature of strong verbs in the German language can be considered the cancellation of the suffix -t/-te in the form Imperfekt (ringen - rang; geh-en - ging), as well as the ability to take the suffix -(en) in the forms Partizip II ( geben - gegeben; rann - geronn-en). At the same time, this group of German verbs is very small and it is better to memorize it.

A common feature of both weak and strong German verb forms with the presence of the so-called non-separable prefix (besuchen), as well as the prerogative of weak verbs that have the suffix -ieren (studieren), can be considered the absence of the prefix ge- in Partizip II ( beginn-en - begonn-en (strong verb); besuch-en - besuch-t (weak verb)). In relation to units in which the prefix can be separated, the formative prefix ge- is introduced into the place between it and the root (abfrag-en - ab+ge+frag+t), while in Präteritum this separable prefix is ​​transferred to the end of the word, cut off from the root (abfrag-en - frag+te ab; mitlauf-en - lief mit).

In general, identifying the main differences between weak and strong verbs of the German language, including the ability to navigate the system of alternation of root vowels, seems extremely important for the correct determination of the main verb forms and for a smooth comprehension of the basics of conjugation.

When studying the German (German) language, great attention has to be paid to verbs (verbs), since the verb. - this is the center of any mute. offers. He is often compared to a conductor in an orchestra, since the presence or absence of additional members and their place in the sentence depends on him.

Those who have recently begun to learn German may find it complex and confusing, and its verb system the invention of a rare misanthrope. For example, three forms (f-we) of German verbs. Many people wonder why there is one verb instead. (infinitive, which is given in the dictionary) you have to learn 3 forms at once. We hope our article will help you understand this.

So, everyone is mute. verb has three functions: infinitive, imperfect (Präteritum) and participle (Partizip II). Strictly speaking, every verb. has many more forms than these three, but these are the ones we will talk about. It will be a little easier for those who are familiar with English grammar, since these forms are similar in the two languages.

With the infinitive, everything is more or less clear, this f-ma is in the dictionary, from it all f-mas of the present and future tense are formed: machen, spielen, studieren, verkaufen, einkaufen.

Imperfect (Präteritum) is the past tense commonly used in written German. From the base of the imperfect (the second f-me), the personal f-me of verbs in this past tense are formed (using personal verb endings).

It is also formed from the infinitive using a special suffix -t- and endings. If a word has a separable prefix (adj.), then it is pronounced separately.

However, this is only true for weak verbs. As for strong verbs. and verb. mixed conjugation (irregular), then for them the imperfective form must be looked at in a special table (see below).

Mach-en – mach-t-e, spiel-en – spiel-t-e, studieren – studier-t-e, verkauf-en – verkauf-t-e, ein-kauf-en – kauf-t-e ein,

Accordingly, the 2nd form of these verbs: machte, spielte, studierte, verkaufte, kaufte ein.

Past participles (Partizip II) are used as independent parts of speech (passive participles), as well as to form the passive voice, past tenses Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt and future tense Futurum II.

These participles are also formed from the infinitive, using the adverb. ge- and the suffix –t.

Mach-en – ge-mach-t, spiel-en – ge-spiel-t.

NOTES!!!

• These phrases do not have verb endings.
• If in verb. there is a suffix -ier-, then adj. ge- is not added. Stud-ier -en – studier-t, buchstab-ier-en – buchstab-ier-t.
• If verb. begin with inseparable prefix (be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp-,miss and some others), then adj. ge- is not added. Ver kauf-en – verkauf-t, be suchen – be such-t.
• If verb. begins with a separable prefix, then adj. ge- is placed between adj. and root. Ein -kauf-en – ein-ge -kauf-t, auf -räum-en – auf-ge -räum-t.

Accordingly, the third f-ma verb: gemacht, gespielt, studiert, verkauft, eingekauft.

That's all you need to know to form three f-we. verbs. Of course, a little more practice wouldn't hurt, but you already have the theory.

As for strong and irregular (irregular) verbs, it is easier to learn them in a table. You may find a table where there are only 3 forms, or a table where there are 4. Don't be alarmed, this is not some new confusing form. In fact, in such tables there is a separate column for the 3rd line. unit (i.e. f-ma for he/she/it). Just in the roots of some German verbs. alternation occurs, so it is easier for beginners to learn ready-made functions.

Because two verbs are used as auxiliaries in the past tense Perfect. haben and sein (for the verb movement, change of state and verb bleiben), then we recommend teaching the third form together with the auxiliary verb. All this is reflected in our table.

According to the method of formation of the main forms, all verbs in the German language are divided into weak, strong and irregular. The formation of Imperfekt (Präteritum) and Partizip II of all weak verbs follows one general rule and does not cause difficulties. The basic forms of irregular verbs can be memorized in just a few days, since the number of such verbs is limited.

Strong verbs in German so numerous that the need to memorize them can cause panic and doubt in one’s own abilities. In fact, everything is not so scary.

So, what is the difference between strong and weak verbs in German?

Changing the root vowel during conjugation, for example:

Ending -en in Partizip II (the ending of weak verbs in Partizip II is -t), for example:

Appearance umlaut or changing the root vowel e, ä or ö on i in 2l. units and 3l. units Präsens (not always), for example:

raten - er r ä t (he advises)
stoßen - er st ö ßt (he pushes)
bergen - er b i rgt (he saves)
essen-er i sst (he eats)

For better memorization,list of strong verbs in Germancan be divided into several subgroups (according to the nature of changes in the root vowel in basic forms):

Table of strong verbs in German. Top - 30

A summary table of strong and irregular verbs can almost always be found in the dictionary. Remembering everything is quite difficult, it takes a lot of time. We suggest you start with the thirty most commonly used strong verbs in the German language.

Strong verbs (die starken Verben) are the most complex verbs in the German language. Memorizing 5 new words every day will make the learning process easier and more enjoyable.

German text level A1 - Mein Wochenende.
Mein Wochenende. Am Samstag waren wir im Wald. Wir sind mit dem Fahrrad gefahren und dann sind wir ins Schwimmbad gegangen. Im Schwimmbad haben wir viel gebaden. Nach dem Schwimmbad haben wir den Orangensaft getrunken. Am Abend hat meine Frau einen Kuchen gebacken. Wir haben den Kuchen gegessen. Mein Sohn liebt den Kuchen. Nach dem Abendessen haben wir mit dem Ball gespielt.
Das ist mein Wochenende!
My weekend. On Saturday we were in the forest. We rode bicycles and then we went to the pool. We swam a lot in the pool. After the pool we drank orange juice. In the evening my wife baked a pie. We ate it. My son loves pie very much. After dinner we played with a ball. It's my weekend!

German language test level A1 Lesson 1 - 5
Choose a test and find out your result:
The tests consist of 10 questions on each topic. After passing the test, you will immediately know your result. Correct answers will be marked green tick, and incorrect answers will be marked red cross. This will help you consolidate the material and practice. Good luck to you.

Ein junger Hase - (One) young hare
The text will be written in German with a parallel LITERAL translation into Russian.
Ein kleines Tier wohnt in einem märchenhaften Wald.
Das Tier ist ein junger Hase.
Der liebt oft in einer kleinen und schönen Stadt spazierengehen.
Dieser Hase heißt Doni und er ist sehr nett.
Seine Frau ist auch sehr schön und jung.

Aber in diesem Märchen sprechen wir über den Hase Doni.
Doni hat ein altes, schönes und gemütliches Häuschen. Auch fährt er gern mit seinem Fahrradum den Wald herum. Am Wochenende möchte er in diese Stadt fahren, um ein schönes und kleines Fahrrad für sich zu kaufen.

Er hat schon ein altes Fahrrad, trotzdem will er ein neues.
Normaleweise fährt er durch den Wald oder den Park.
Dieser Park liegt entlang den Wald.
Neben dem Parkgibt es einen großen Markt.

Auf diesem Markt kauft er viele Möhren für seine kleine Familie.
Wahrscheinlich geht er auch am Samstag auf diesen Markt zu Fuß oder mit seinem alten Fahrrad.
Aber muss er zuerst in d…