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Okha (Nivkh. T’o - dirty river) is a city (since 1938) in Russia, the center of the Okha district of the Sakhalin region. Located in the north of Sakhalin Island.

Population - 25,927 people (2010).

The city of oil workers is located 849 km from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

The village of Okhe (later Okha) arose from an oil field discovered in 1880. In 1920-1925 it was occupied by Japan.

The city was connected by a narrow-gauge railway (750 mm wide) with a length of 220 kilometers to the village of Nogliki. At the end of December 2006, the railway ceased operations.

Okha airport operates, flights to Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

The city of Okha was awarded a state award - the Order of the Badge of Honor (1978).

Etymology

In 1880, an oil field was discovered, near which the village of Okhe (later Okha) grew up. However, after several unsuccessful attempts to find oil, the village was abandoned. In the list of populated places in Sakhalin for 1900, Okha is not listed. In 1908 there was no settlement on this site.

In 1920-25 was occupied by Japan. The first industrial oil was produced in 1921. Many old-timers believe that Okha was founded in 1925. In October 1925, Okha became the center of the Eastern (later Okha) region. The city was named after the Okha River. The origin of the name of the latter still cannot be considered firmly established. The Okha River was first mentioned in the petition of the merchant A.E. Ivanov from the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur dated July 7, 1880. It is possible that the name Okha comes from the Evenki word “okha”, meaning the skin from the legs of a reindeer. However, this word also has the meaning of “evil, bad,” which is associated with numerous surface oil shows. Given this name, “okha” should be translated as “bad place.” The Nivkh name of Okha - Vyrgyt - comes from the word “vyrkg’ytt” - to rot, deteriorate, deteriorate and is translated as “rotten place”.

Population

Transport

Air communication is carried out through Okha Airport. The main destinations are Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Currently, construction and repair of the road to the south of the island, in the direction of Nogliki, is underway. There is a bus station that connects the regional center with the settlements of Moskalvo, Nogliki, Nekrasovka, Tungor.

Climate

• Relative humidity - 71.7%
• Average annual air temperature - 0.2 °C
• Average wind speed - 6.3 m/s

Prospects

Okha is a major center of the oil and gas industry of Sakhalin. PA "Sakhalinmorneftegaz". From Okha oil is transported via an oil pipeline to

Located in the northern part of Sakhalin Island, 849 kilometers from the regional center. The area of ​​the settlement is 14,815 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

In 1880, oil reserves were discovered on the site of the modern city. After this event, the village of Ohe appeared. Further searches for oil yielded no results and the settlement was abandoned.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the village was not listed among the settlements of Sakhalin Island. From 1920 to 1925, the village was under the occupation of Japanese troops.

During the concession, Japan produced and exported more than 2 million tons of oil from Sakhalin.

In 1921, the first oil was extracted here, and 4 years later the settlement became the capital of the Eastern region.

In 1938, the village received city status. From 1941 to 1945, city residents produced more than 2.5 million tons of oil, about 4 thousand Okhintsev were sent to the battlefields.

In 1942, the Komsomolsk - Okha oil pipeline was put into operation.

In the post-war years, the oil and gas industry continued its development. In the Okhtinsky district, the settlements of Neftegorsk, Kolendo, and Tungor were formed.

In the 1960s, the following were built in the city: a mechanical plant, a reinforced concrete plant, a clay powder plant, new residential buildings and social facilities.

After the collapse of the USSR, a number of industrial enterprises in Okha were closed, and unemployment began to increase.

In 1995, after a strong earthquake in the north of Sakhalin, the village of Neftegorsk was wiped off the face of the earth.

In the late 1900s and early 2000s, the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects were launched, which had a beneficial effect on the economic and demographic situation in the region.

The telephone code of Okha is 42437. The postal code is 694490.

Climate and weather

Okha has a moderately cold maritime climate. Winters are harsh and long. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of -18 degrees.

Summer is short and cool. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of +12 degrees.

Total population of Okha for 2018-2019

Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents in 2018 was 20.7 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a steady decline in population from 26,900 people in 2006 to 20,715 people in 2018.

As of January 2018, Okha ranked 655th out of 1,113 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

Attractions

1.Museum of Local Lore- This Okha cultural institution was founded in 1971. The main exhibition of the museum tells about the history of Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, the development of Okha and the city’s oil industry.

2.Sports complex "Dolphin"- the establishment has a swimming pool, gym, billiards, solarium, sauna, gym.

3.Monument to V.I. Lenin- this sculpture was installed in 1956 on Lenin Street in the city of Okha.

Transport

9 kilometers from Okha there is a functioning civil airport from which flights are carried out to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Khabarovsk.

Intracity transport is represented by buses and minibuses.

Buses regularly depart from the city bus station to Nogliki, Moskalvo, Nekrasovka, Ekhabi, Tungor, Sabo.

My region: legends of Okha

There is a legend in the north about how one day deer, frightened by hunters, rushed to run through the green marsh, and one fell into a deep, muddy “window”. When the hunters pulled out the unfortunate animal with the help of cut branches, they saw that the deer’s legs and stomach were smeared with a black oily liquid. A young Evenk, who noticed that the skin in these places was bursting and blood was oozing, exclaimed: “Oha!”, which in Evenki means “bad,” “evil,” “thin.” And such an incorrect name has grown on the place.

However, what was bad for the Evenks turned out to be vitally important for us. Today Okha is the only city in the Far East where oil and gas are produced and supplied to neighboring regions, which is what we live with.

None of the residents of Okha with whom I had a chance to talk consider their city a province. They stubbornly repeat: “we are the oil capital,” and without a drop of sarcasm. But I must admit, after what I saw, I still prefer to call it a small provincial town.

Although I have respect for these people, because the great Anton Chekhov wrote that “the upper third of the island, due to its climatic and soil conditions, is completely unsuitable for settlement...”, and he was wrong. Perhaps this is the main “trick” of the Okha residents. And the north of the island is an area of ​​natural monuments; there is something to show tourists. Or rather, it will be if they ever finish building the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk-Okha highway.

Sakhalin Express

Night on a stuffy train, and you're in Nogliki. It leaves from Yuzhny at 20:30, and an hour later darkness falls, but at dawn you can see landscapes of harsh nature through the dirty carriage windows. After the Tymovskoye station, the train is half empty, and coolness rushes through the open doors. At 09:30 the train arrives at the final station.

You begin to feel the hardships of the Okha-Nogliki route immediately when the asphalt ends. But still, it’s not as scary as travelers from the mainland say, the road in dry weather seemed soft, the soil here is made up of sand and clay, sand is everywhere. The route is crowded, especially on the rivers. In addition to fishing, it's time to pick mushrooms and berries.

A depressing picture of the burnt forest stretches to Piltun - like a forest of death, then forest-tundra. From Val to Okha there are no villages at all, and you get that same feeling of the edge of the earth - an island lost in the sky.

Life in the far north

And suddenly there is asphalt, 14 kilometers to the city you enjoy a beautiful road (the same amount of road surface was laid last year on the Noglik side). They promise to continue building.

Remembering the days we lived in Okha, the first thing that comes to mind is the torrential rain, after which the women, despite yesterday’s heat, immediately climbed into autumn boots and warm jackets. The climate here is harsh, constant winds, snow falls at the end of October and remains until the end of May. This year, according to residents, there was blizzard after blizzard, the frost reached 35 degrees and the wind force reached hurricane force. Usually summers here are cold and damp, but this year surprised us with its heat.

The distance from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk to Okha is 1062 kilometers. Today, 25,800 people live in the region, of which about 3 thousand live in villages.

The main city axis is Lenin Street, where life is in full swing and young people walk in the evenings. The roads are a little tricky. There are no traffic jams either in the city center or on the highways, which also do not exist.

In big cities, usually each building has its own characteristics and features, but the houses here seem to have been born either in the Soviet era or yesterday, and are very similar to one another, in the center the facades of the houses are decent, but on the outskirts, as usual...

After the Neftegorsk earthquake, the city began to be built up with bekaems, but the people living there feel much more comfortable than the residents of the South Sakhalin new buildings. We’re used to it - apparently, it all depends on the owner.

The local government building was built according to the design and similarity of city hall buildings in other Sakhalin cities; the windows of the building look out onto Neftchinikov Square. But the House of Culture looks special, a very beautiful building.

The city surprised me with its cleanliness and culture of the population, many trash cans and benches.

From historical information.

"...The first residential barracks were built on the fifth and seventeenth sections in 1928. Then drilling rigs and residential barracks appeared on the tenth, and somewhat later on the twelfth sections. In 1932, there was only 2.85 square meters of living space per person The city was built on one floor, only two schools and 4-5 buildings had two floors. It was built on the hills, because the lowlands were built with frames, rarely made of fiberboard. in the early 30s it consisted mainly of those recruited by the Sakhalinneft trust. The city was a multinational one. The Japanese who worked on the concession lived in their own village in camps along the coast, often coming to the city on sledges. In Sakhalin at that time, the population did not increase as quickly as in Okha. In 1931, Okha, having overtaken the regional center of Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky in terms of population, moved to first place.”

The local population is quite happy with the grocery stores; the prices are no different from those in South Sakhalin. If you go to an industrial goods store, you will immediately be asked kindly what to offer. The choice of clothing is small; the lack of variety is noted by the sellers themselves, not to mention the female part of the population in general. There are small clothing stores, but there is only one normal shopping center (Ocean). Okha is proud of its dairy products; in the area there is a large agricultural enterprise operating on the basis of the former Okha state farm (about 200 head of cattle), small private farmsteads and peasant farms. There is a dairy processing station and a sausage shop. Bread here costs more than 60 rubles.

Oil Workers City

The basis of the city's economy is the oil and gas production complex, accounting for almost 70 percent of the entire production base. Its entire history is connected with the development of this land. The Okhintsy are the first founders of the shelf. In the second half of the 19th century, the famous Russian industrialist Grigory Zotov came here and drilled two wells, and then the first houses appeared. In 1938, the village was given city status.

The Okha Museum of Local Lore has existed for 40 years, but it officially opened in 1990 and moved to a new building in 2007. Despite the fact that just at the moment of my visit the lights in the building went out, museum employee Marina Zotova greeted me warmly and showed me through the halls.

The entire history of the region is presented here, with many exhibits about the traditions of the Nivkhs and Ainu, Ulta, Evenki and Nanai (folk crafts, household items, clothing). By the way, in the area there is a settlement that was built during the Soviet period specifically for the indigenous population - the village of Nekrasovka. Now there are few of them left there; the national culture has long been lost, which today they are trying to revive.

Among the animals is the seal, which provided the inhabitants with meat and skin, and numerous waterfowl and other birds. As in our local history museum, there is an ancient folk instrument - the musical log zas, which was used for the bear festival.

Another legend. The most important of the ancestral holidays among the Nivkhs was considered the “bear holiday” - chhyflernd. The bear cub was placed in a special log house and fed for several years, and on that day it was killed and eaten. The holiday took place in winter and lasted several days. Traditionally, after the gala dinner, the young people went home, and the elders took the skull and bones to the ritual barn.

Among the amazing exhibits are a bell with a large silver alloy, which once served as a signaling device at the Cape Maria lighthouse (cast in 1882) and a cannon found in Chaivo Bay, washed up in the sand (such cannons were equipped on military transport ships that were sent to on a trip around the world), it was cast in 1860 and has a British mark. And also a Japanese signal bell, which operated on the building of the Japanese representative office (the building has not survived).

One hall of the museum is dedicated to the history of the oil industry on Sakhalin, starting with the expedition of the discoverer - retired naval officer and entrepreneur Zotov.

What else is there? In 1940, an oil pipeline was built, and in 1942 our oil began to be exported to the mainland through the Nevelskoy Strait. Here is the history of the Okha Mechanical Plant, and all the first leaders who came to Sakhalin, but, despite their loyalty to the cause and the party, were repressed in the 30s.

It is clearly shown how the drilling process occurs, how the pipe is laid parallel to the seabed. Marina Zotova also showed one of the unique wells drilled from the Yastreb platform, its depth is 11.238 km.

It seems that Okha schoolchildren know the process of oil production much better than some adults in the south of the island. The museum is also of interest to visitors, which is why it is visited by about 5.5 thousand people a year.

There are changes, but no radial growth

There are many opportunities for sports here. The city's brand is the famous ski festival, which attracts athletes from all over the Far East. For two years in a row, the “Stars of the Northern Capital” folk art festival has been held. Life is slowly changing, renovations have been carried out at the central hospital, a primary department, surgery and oncology centers have been opened. A sports and fitness complex has grown, there is a stadium, a Palace of Culture, children are fully engaged in dancing and creativity.

New earthquake-resistant housing is being built (2.5 thousand square meters were put into operation last year, about 7 thousand square meters are planned this year). There are a lot of dilapidated and unsafe buildings, and the problem is aggravated by houses destroyed after the earthquake; today 76 apartment buildings are subject to demolition (that’s almost 4 thousand apartments). Most social buildings are also not subject to seismic reinforcement; they need to be built.

But here’s the paradox: there is no one to build, even if there is money. There is also a shortage of medical specialists, especially children’s doctors (despite the fact that the average salary here is about 40 thousand rubles, and for doctors and teachers even more, the lowest paid are cultural workers).

Why young people leave

The population is declining (although, according to statistics, the number of deaths has decreased). In 2006, about 32 thousand people lived in the area, now there are 26. People are leaving for better places.

After talking with Okha residents on the streets, it turned out that after 20 o’clock there was absolutely nowhere to go. There is no normal youth cafe, no cinema (one can only dream of 3D and a nightclub). The youth center (in the square next to the city hall) does not live up to its name and has become a commercial center. There are complaints about the inaction of the police in relation to walking youth; on weekends in the square you can see groups of young people drinking beer, and in the mornings there are mountains of bottles, and this inaction is attributed to the personnel leapfrog in the local police that has been happening there lately. There is no police post nearby. But is this the root of the problem?

And young people go wild, rollerblading and cycling around the tiled square.

Despite the fact that Okha has taken first place in the competition for the most comfortable city in Sakhalin for several years in a row, there are no courtyards or playgrounds here either. To do this, it was enough to stop the boys and ask. “Yes,” they answered, “we have two playgrounds with slides and swings.”

What, for the whole city? It became known that this year, finally, 17 million rubles from the regional budget will be allocated for the improvement of courtyards.

The city has 9 schools and 6 kindergartens (about 500 children are now waiting in line). They also promise that in two years there will be two kindergartens in Okha and a kindergarten school in the village of Tungor.

And there is also the urgent issue of reconstructing the park, the need to build a roller ski track, etc.

By the way, Okha Park, despite its abandonment and stagnant appearance, is very beautiful. On Saturday afternoon, on the park path, I met only one man with a stroller and a wild, hungry cat.

That's why there is not enough money for this important facility in the oil capital (at least for one large carousel for children!)? It is clear that any business entity pays taxes and, by and large, fulfills its obligations. But oil production is a socially responsible business, and there was a time when Rosneft invested serious money in the city’s economy, why is there silence now..?

About people and plans

There are a lot of talented people here, really a lot, no matter how angry the convinced supporters of cause-and-effect relationships may be, “people from Okha” are not only appointed officials, but also ordinary people - people with an open soul and pure thoughts, who in a fairy tale about " “The golden antelope” represented by Rosneft has long been disbelieved. Although…

According to the latest information from the regional authorities, the moment of payback for offshore projects is coming. Sakhalin-1 today brings 14 billion rubles to the treasury, from 2013 the Sakhalin-2 project will enter the payback stage, the return on its taxes will be more than 50 billion rubles per year. This means, as the residents of Okha hope, in a year or two there will be enough funds to repair the park, improve the infrastructure, start demolishing old housing and build new ones, beg for at least a cinema, and then life will become more comfortable. The main thing is that these ambitious plans of the authorities today do not hide only the desire to maintain political ratings tomorrow.

What surprised you? I was surprised that in the evening you could sit down on a bench with elderly ladies and have a leisurely conversation about utility prices, an upcoming event, the life of local officials, mosquitoes and bears. And another thing is that young guys, when they see a camera, wave their hand. I didn’t see any cigarette butts or bottles near the benches (although I was specifically looking for them).

"Sakhalin Oilman" has been published since November 1929 - one of the oldest newspapers in Sakhalin, it can be read twice a week, with a circulation of 3 thousand copies. As editor Anna Churakova (pictured) said, in Okha there are talented young journalists who are eager to fight. The newspaper is printed in the regional printing house and delivered by plane; there is no printing house in the region.

One joy for Okha residents is going to the island capital. The cost of a round trip ticket is 11 thousand rubles, since spring the SAT airline has been operating daily flights, and the plane is almost always full. There are more and more people who go on vacation outside the island every year. But we warmed up in the southern sun and went home faster; life in the north is calmer and more harmonious, and this is another legend heard from the northerners. Why not, because life is a simple thing - the simpler, the more correct.

A. P. Chekhov, "Sakhalin Island":

Is it good for you to live here? - I ask the lady.

Okay, but only mosquitoes...

Geographical encyclopedia

Okha- city (since 1938) in Russia, Sakhalin region. Railroad station. 29.4 thousand inhabitants (1998). Factories: mechanical, woodworking. Center of the oil industry (oil and gas pipeline Okha Komsomolsk on Amur). * * * OHA OHA, a city in ... encyclopedic Dictionary

OXA-- chromium oxide abrasive in marking Examples of use OXA 0 OXA 1 ...

OXA- OKHA, a city (since 1938) in the Sakhalin region, in the northeastern part of the island. Sakhalin, on the coast of Urkt Bay. 29.4 thousand inhabitants (1998). Center for the oil and gas industry. CHP. Mechanical plant, production of building materials. Scientifically... ...Russian history

oha- noun, number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

OXA- aluminum oxychloride Source: www.sibres.ru/?cp=product … Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

Okha- Okha, a city in the Sakhalin region, the center of the Okha region, 1062 km north of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk. Located in the north-eastern part of Sakhalin Island, on the coast of Urqt Bay, 402 km from the Nogliki railway station. Connected by rail... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Okha- city, district center, Sakhalin region. The first houses and oil wells appeared on the site of the future city in 1892, but the construction of modern fishing began only in 1927, and in 1938 the village. Okha received city status. Name by river Okha; hydronym from Evenki... Toponymic dictionary

Okha- city, district center, Sakhalin region. The first houses and oil wells appeared on the site of the future city in 1892, but the construction of modern fields began only in 1927, and in 1938 the village. Okha received city status. Name by river Oha;... ... Geographical names of the Russian Far East

Okha- a city of regional subordination, the center of the Okha district of the Sakhalin region of the RSFSR. Located in the northeastern part of Sakhalin Island. Bound w. along the line with the port of Moskalvo. 31 thousand inhabitants (1974). A major center of the oil industry... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

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