Russian landscape!
Russian landscape paintings. I immediately remember: “The Russian spirit is here - it smells like Russia here.” Many artists love the Russian landscape; they depict it with pleasure in their paintings. Paintings with Russian landscapes. And the Russian landscape is very diverse. Therefore, there are a lot of paintings in the Russian landscape genre. There are paintings: Russian winter landscape. There are paintings: autumn Russian landscape. There are paintings: Russian summer landscape. And of course - the Russian landscape in spring!
Russian landscape paintings. Russia has everything: rivers, forests, lakes, steppes, seas, mountains. Accordingly, this is reflected in the paintings of artists. Modern artists paint pictures: Russian mountain landscape, Russian sea landscape, Russian taiga landscape, Russian meadow landscape, Russian rural landscape, Russian urban landscape, Russian sky landscape! Our country is wonderful! The Russian landscape is varied and beautiful!
In general, we are lucky to be born and live in such a wonderful country! Russian landscape is our landscape!
Our guests from other countries also love the Russian landscape paintings! They are fascinated by our endless expanses! They like pictures about the harsh Russian winter! Russian landscape is super!
“Say, O Russian nature,
What makes you so attractive?
And why do they excite the heart?
Your meadows, fields, flowers?
Modest - and so gorgeous
This beauty is alive.
Oh, my Rus'! - In your nature
Purity is always preserved..."
Russian landscape is super! Russian landscape paintings show us the beauty of the Russian landscape, the beauty of Russia! Russian landscape paintings tell about a region where wonderful people with kind, open souls and strong spirit live! And all this in the paintings is a Russian landscape!
"Streams of the sun flow generously
To my good land,
My soul... you feel itching -
I sing the Russian hymn to nature.
Hills, meadows, forests, plains,
Lakes, rivers, sky
The people composed epics about you,
Your appearance has been preserved by the people.”
Russian landscape! These are pictures about a fairy tale land! Russian landscape is super! Russian landscape paintings show us the beauty of the Russian landscape, the beauty of Russia! Russian landscape paintings tell about a region where wonderful people with kind, open souls and strong spirit live! And all this in the paintings is a Russian landscape!
“Russian groves have a young freshness,
More than once it was like my father's house,
Here I learned my beloved tenderness,
And kept it in my heart.
The forest stream beckons with coolness,
Calls to hide in the shade of birch trees.
And the waltz of flowers clouds my vision,
He's amazing to the point of tears."
Unique Russian landscape! These are pictures about our fabulous land! Russian landscape is super! Russian landscape paintings show us the beauty of the Russian landscape, the beauty of Russia! Russian landscape paintings tell about a region where wonderful people with kind, open souls and strong spirit live! And all this in the paintings is a Russian landscape!
“Is it winter, autumn, bad weather,
Spring or summer, Rus'-soul,
Any time of year is coming -
You are good in your own way!..."
Russian landscape paintings! The Russian region and its amazing landscapes are a source of inspiration for artists and poets who write about Russia, about the beauty of Russian nature, about Russian history, about the beautiful beautiful Russian soul!
“You are beautiful, O Russian nature!
Your calm, proud appearance is beautiful.
Your language is beautiful - the language of the people!
All thoughts are about You, my country!”
Amazing and unique Russian landscape! These are pictures about our fabulous land! Russian landscape - romantic beautiful paintings! Russian landscape paintings show us the beauty of the Russian landscape, the beauty of Russia! Russian landscape paintings tell about a region where wonderful people with kind, open souls and strong spirit live! And all this in the paintings is a Russian landscape!
"Mysterious Russian soul...
There is nothing dearer, dearer in the world,
She shines like a beacon in the fog.
Mysterious Russian soul!"
Amazing and unique Russian region! Russian landscape paintings are paintings about our fabulous land! Russian landscape - romantic beautiful paintings! Russian landscape paintings show us the beauty of Russia! Wonderful Russian landscape paintings tell about a region where wonderful people with kind, open souls and strong spirit live! And all this in the paintings is a Russian landscape!
Russian landscape paintings! Russia has everything: rivers, forests, lakes, steppes, seas, mountains. Modern artists paint pictures: Russian mountain landscape, Russian sea landscape, Russian taiga landscape, Russian meadow landscape, Russian rural landscape, Russian urban landscape, Russian sky landscape! Our country is wonderful! The Russian landscape is varied and beautiful!
Artists love Russian landscapes! Love the Russian landscape and art lovers! There is a modern Russian landscape! There is a historical Russian landscape! And they are each interesting and beautiful in their own way!
In our Moscow gallery you will find many wonderful Russian landscape paintings. Choose your favorite Russian landscape. Choose a painting or paintings with a Russian landscape. The Russian landscape is beautiful, as is the Russian soul!
Look at the paintings of the Russian landscape! Painting Russian landscape autumn. Painting Russian winter landscape. Painting Russian summer landscape. Painting Russian landscape spring. Russian landscape paintings. Painting of Russian mountain landscape. Painting Russian landscape forest. Painting Russian landscape steppe. Painting Russian landscape lake. Painting Russian landscape river. Painting Russian sea landscape. Painting of Russian taiga landscape. Painting of a Russian landscape of a meadow.
Russian landscape paintings. Painting of a Russian urban landscape. Painting of a rural Russian landscape. Our country is wonderful! The Russian landscape is varied and beautiful!
The Russian landscape painting will decorate your interior! Will allow you to take your mind off your problems and worries! Create special comfort in your home!
In our gallery you will find many wonderful Russian landscape paintings. Choose your favorite Russian landscape. Choose a painting or paintings with a Russian landscape. The Russian landscape is beautiful, as is the Russian soul!
We love Russian landscape! We love Russian landscape paintings!
Details Category: Genres and types of painting Published 11/30/2015 18:35 Views: 5414Landscape painting in Russia developed very intensively. It is represented by many wonderful artists, whose paintings are world masterpieces of landscape painting.
The landscape genre in Russia was finally formed in the 18th century. Its founder is considered to be S.F. Shchedrin.
A graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, S. Shchedrin became a professor of landscape painting at the Academy. He worked in the style of academic classicism, which continued to occupy a dominant position in the Russian art of landscape painting at the beginning of the 19th century. He worked a lot in the open air. His landscapes are distinguished by emotional expressiveness.
His most famous works are views of parks and palaces in Pavlovsk, Gatchina and Peterhof.
S. Shchedrin “View of the Gatchina Palace from the Silver Lake” (1798)
F. Matveev and F. Alekseev worked in the same style.
He is also a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. But his work, unlike the work of S. Shchedrin, is devoted mainly to the landscapes of Italy, where he lived for 47 years and where he died.
His landscapes are distinguished by ease of execution, accuracy, warm color, and a special skill in depicting long-range plans.
F. Matveev “Environments near Tivoli” (1819). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
F. Alekseev is one of the founders of the Russian urban landscape, the largest master of the Russian veduta.
He graduated from the Academy of Arts, improved himself in Venice as a theater artist, but at the same time painted landscapes. Later he completely abandoned work on theatrical scenery and took up his favorite hobby – landscape painting. His cityscapes are distinguished by their lyricism and subtlety of execution.
F. Alekseev “View of the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg from the Fontanka.” Russian Museum (St. Petersburg)
Russian landscape painter. Graduate of the Academy of Arts. He lived in Rome for a long time, then returned to Russia and became an academician of painting. Traveled with the Russian embassy to Beijing and painted many views of Siberian and Chinese areas; then he visited the Crimea and the banks of the Volga, from where he also borrowed subjects for his landscapes. He made a second trip to Italy and died in Rome.
A. Martynov “View of the Selenga River in Siberia”
During this period, the most outstanding landscape artists were S. Shchedrin (1791-1830), V. Sadovnikov (1800-1879), M. Lebedev (1811-1837), G. Soroka (1823-1864) and A. Venetsianov ( 1780-1847).
S. Shchedrin “Self-portrait” (1817)
Born into the family of the famous sculptor F.F. Shchedrin. The artist Semyon Shchedrin is his uncle. He was admitted to the Academy of Arts at the age of 9.
His first paintings were painted in the style of classicism, true to nature, but the artist’s individual style had not yet been developed in them.
Author of Italian seascapes.
In landscapes of 1828-30s. There is already a romantic elation, a desire for complex lighting and color effects. The paintings are distinguished by their disturbing drama.
S. Shchedrin “Moonlit Night in Naples”
G. Soroka “Self-portrait”
Russian serf painter. He studied painting with A.G. Venetsianov and was one of his favorite students. Venetsianov asked the landowner to give Grigory his freedom so that he could continue his education at the Academy of Arts, but he could not achieve this - the landowner was preparing him to become a gardener. After the peasant reform, he took part in peasant unrest against the landowner. He wrote complaints from the peasant community against his landowner, for which he was arrested for 3 days. It is believed that this arrest was the reason for the artist's suicide.
Like most artists of the Venetsianov school, G. Soroka painted urban and rural landscapes, interiors, and still lifes. The works of the Venetsian school are marked by the poetic spontaneity of the depiction of the surrounding life.
G. Soroka “View in Spassky” (second half of the 1840s)
A. Venetsianov “Self-portrait” (1811)
He was one of the first to show the charm of the dim nature of the Central Russian strip.
The Venetsianov family came from Greece.
The images of peasants he painted brought A.G. Venetsianov the greatest fame. But in many of his paintings there is a landscape - the artist perfectly knew how to convey chiaroscuro.
A. Venetsianov is the author of theoretical articles and notes on painting.
A. Venetsianov “The Sleeping Shepherd” (1823-1824)
In the second half of the 19th century. landscape painting in Russia began to develop in different styles: M. Vorobyov, I. Aivazovsky, L. Lagorio, A. Bogolyubov continued to paint in the romantic style.
P. Sukhodolsky (1835-1903) worked in the sepia technique. Sepia– an image technique common in painting, graphics and photography. Literally, the word “sepia” translates as “cuttlefish” - initially, paint of this color for artists was made from the ink sacs of cuttlefish and squid. This bag helps the mollusks hide from danger: it releases dye that instantly spreads and makes thousands of liters of water completely opaque to the predator. Currently, there is artificial sepia for artists, but natural sepia is also used, which is imported from Sri Lanka. It is believed that natural sepia has a more saturated color and is more durable than artificial sepia.
P. Sukhodolsky “In the Village in Winter” (1893)
Many painters began to work in a realistic style (I. Shishkin), a fairy-tale-poetic form (V. Vasnetsov), in the epic genre (M. Klodt), etc. It is impossible to talk about the work of all artists of this period; we will only dwell on some names.
F. Vasiliev “Self-portrait”
Russian landscape painter who died very young, but left many wonderful landscapes.
His painting “The Thaw” immediately became an event in Russian artistic life. Its author's repetition, in warmer colors, was shown at the 1872 World Exhibition in London.
F. Vasiliev “Thaw” (1871). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
P.M. Tretyakov purchased the painting even before the exhibition began. Emperor Alexander III ordered a repetition of the painting, and this particular copy was in London.
F. Vasiliev “Wet Meadow” (1872). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
V. Borisov-Musatov “Self-portrait”
This artist with an amazingly pure soul gravitated towards generalized images, colorful and decorative landscapes.
V. Borisov-Musatov “Spring” (1898-1901)
He knew how to express mood through the state of nature. Spring, with flowering trees and “fluffy” dandelions, plunges a person into a state of bright joy and hope.
B. Kustodiev “Self-portrait” (1912)
B. Kustodiev is considered a master of portraiture. But many of his works went beyond this framework - he turned to the landscape. In the early 1900s, for several years in a row he went on location work to the Kostroma province and created many paintings of everyday life and landscape genres. He attached great importance to line, pattern, and color spots.
B. Kustodiev “Maslenitsa” (1903). State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg)
During the same period of time, the plein air was finally established in Russian landscape painting. In the further development of landscapes, impressionism played a crucial role, influencing the work of almost all serious painters in Russia.
A. Savrasov (1870s)
A.K. Savrasov became the founder of the lyrical landscape; he managed to show the unostentatious beauty and tenderness of discreet Russian nature.
A. Savrasov graduated from the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. Savrasov’s name was made famous by his work “View of the Kremlin from the Crimean Bridge in inclement weather.” According to art historian N.A. Ramazanov, the artist “conveyed... the moment extremely faithfully and vitally. You see the movement of the clouds and hear the noise of the tree branches and the winding grass - it’s going to rain.”
A. Savrasov “View of the Kremlin from the Crimean Bridge in inclement weather” (1851)
The most famous work of A. Savrasov is the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived”. But it became so iconic that it eclipsed all his other wonderful landscapes.
The artist’s life was not very happy and ended tragically. His favorite student Isaac Levitan wrote: “With Savrasov, lyricism in landscape painting and boundless love for his native land appeared.<...>and this undoubted merit of his will never be forgotten in the field of Russian art.” And the literary critic I. Gronsky believed that “There are few Savrasovs in Russian painting... Savrasov is good with some kind of intimate perception of nature, characteristic only of him.”
M. Nesterov “Self-portrait” (1915)
M. Nesterov, a student of A. Savrasov, also depicted the discreet beauty of Central Russian nature. He created a unique type of landscape, close in spirit to I. Levitan - lyrical, devoid of showiness and bright colors, imbued with love for Russia. This landscape later received the name “Nesterovsky”. The constant “characters” of his landscape are thin white-trunked birches, stunted fir trees, the muted greenery of a spring or autumn forest, scarlet clusters of rowan berries, willows with shaggy catkins, barely noticeable flowers, endless expanses, quiet, still waters with frozen forests reflected in them. Another characteristic feature of Nesterov’s landscape: the inspired nature on his canvases always merges in harmony with the lyrical mood of the heroes and empathizes with their fate.
M. Nesterov “Vision to the Youth Bartholomew”
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1841 or 1842-1910)
V. Vasnetsov “Portrait of Kuindzhi” (1869)
Russian artist of Greek origin. He was very poor, earned money as a retoucher, and made unsuccessful attempts to enter the Academy of Arts. Only on the third attempt did he become a volunteer student at the Imperial Academy of Arts. At this time, he met the Itinerant artists, including I. N. Kramskoy and I. E. Repin. This acquaintance had a great influence on Kuindzhi’s work, laying the foundation for his realistic perception of reality.
But later, the Association of Itinerants became largely restraining for him, limiting his talent within strict boundaries, so there was a break with him.
Kuindzhi was attracted by the picturesque play of light and air. And this, as we already know, is a sign of impressionism.
A. Kuindzhi “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” (1880). State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg)
A. Kuindzhi “Birch Grove” (1879). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Other remarkable landscape painters of the 19th century: Vasily Polenov (1844-1927), Konstantin Korovin (1861-1939), Ilya Repin (1844-1930), Nikolai Ge (1831-1894), Valentin Serov (1865-1911), Kiriak Kostandi ( 1852-1921), Nikolai Dubovskoy (1859-1918), etc. These are artists of Russian impressionism.
The fate of many of them was not easy due to the negative attitude towards “sketching” that began in the 30s; their work began to be assessed with omissions, avoiding direct characterization of their style.
Let's just take a look at their wonderful landscapes.
V. Borisov-Musatov “Autumn Song” (1905)
I. Repin “What space!” (1903)
K. Korovin “Autumn Landscape” (1909)
In landscape painting of the 20th century. Traditions and trends established in the 19th century developed: Pyotr Konchalovsky (1876-1956), Igor Grabar (1871-1960), Konstantin Yuon (1875-1968) and other artists.
I. Grabar “March Snow” (1904)
Then the search began for new expressive means to convey the landscape. And here the names of avant-garde artists Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935), Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944), Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962) should be mentioned.
K. Malevich “Landscape. Winter" (1909)
Pavel Kuznetsov (1878-1968), Nikolai Krymov (1884-1958), Martiros Saryan (1880-1972) and others created their landscapes in the spirit of symbolism.
P. Kuznetsov “In the Steppe. Mirage" (1911)
In the era of the method of socialist realism, new forms, individual styles, and techniques continued to develop. Among the landscape artists we can highlight Vasily Baksheev (1862-1958), Nikolai Krymov (1884-1958), Nikolai Romadin (1903-1987) and others, who developed the lyrical line of landscape.
V. Baksheev “Blue Spring” (1930). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Konstantin Bogaevsky (1872-1943), Alexander Samokhvalov (1894-1971) and others worked in the genre of industrial landscape.
Alexander Deineka (1899-1969), Georgy Nissky (1903-1987), Boris Ugarov (1922-1991), Oleg Loshakov (1936) worked in the “severe style” they developed.
G. Nissky “Green Road” (1959)
Landscape is an eternal theme and an eternal genre, it is inexhaustible.
Contemporary artist A. Savchenko “Into the summer”
Since time immemorial, people have always admired nature. They expressed their love by depicting it in all kinds of mosaics, bas-reliefs and paintings. Many great artists devoted their creativity to painting landscapes. The paintings depicting forests, sea, mountains, rivers, fields are truly mesmerizing. And we need to respect the great masters who so detailed, colorful and emotional conveyed in their works all the beauty and power of the world around us. It is landscape artists and their biographies that will be discussed in this article. Today we will talk about the work of great painters of different times.
In the 17th century there lived many talented people who preferred to depict the beauty of nature. Some of the most famous are Claude Lorrain and Jacob Isaac van Ruisdael. We will begin our story with them.
The French artist is considered the founder of landscape painting during the classical period. His canvases are distinguished by incredible harmony and ideal composition. A distinctive feature of K. Lorrain’s technique was the ability to flawlessly convey sunlight, its rays, reflection in water, etc.
Despite the fact that the maestro was born in France, he spent most of his life in Italy, where he left when he was only 13 years old. He returned to his homeland only once, and then for two years.
The most famous works of C. Lorrain are the paintings “View of the Roman Forum” and “View of the port with the Capitol”. Nowadays they can be seen in the Louvre.
Jacob van Ruisdael, a representative of realism, was born in Holland. During his travels in the Netherlands and Germany, the artist painted many remarkable works, which are characterized by sharp contrasts of tones, dramatic colors and coldness. One of the striking examples of such paintings can be considered “European Cemetery”.
However, the artist’s work was not limited to gloomy canvases - he also depicted rural landscapes. The most famous works are considered to be “View of the Village of Egmond” and “Landscape with a Watermill”.
Painting of the 18th century is characterized by many interesting features; during this period, the beginning of new directions in the mentioned art form was laid. Venetian landscape painters, for example, worked in such directions as landscape landscape (another name is leading) and architectural (or urban). And the leading landscape, in turn, was divided into accurate and fantastic. A prominent representative of the fantastic vedata is Francesco Guardi. Even modern landscape artists can envy his imagination and technique.
Without exception, all of his works are distinguished by impeccably accurate perspective and wonderful rendition of colors. Landscapes have a certain magical appeal; it is simply impossible to take your eyes off them.
His most delightful works include the paintings “The Doge’s Festive Ship “Bucintoro”, “Gondola in the Lagoon”, “Venetian Courtyard” and “Rio dei Mendicanti”. All his paintings depict views of Venice.
This artist is a representative of romanticism.
A distinctive feature of his paintings is the use of many shades of yellow. It was the yellow palette that became the main one in his works. The master explained this by the fact that he associated such shades with the sun and the purity that he wanted to see in his paintings.
Turner's most beautiful and mesmerizing work is the "Garden of the Hesperides" - a fantastic landscape.
These two men are truly the greatest and most famous landscape painters in Russia. The first - Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - depicted the majestic sea in his paintings. A riot of elements, rising waves, splashes of foam crashing against the side of a tilting ship, or a quiet, serene surface illuminated by the setting sun - seascapes delight and amaze with their naturalness and beauty. By the way, such landscape painters are called marine painters. The second, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, loved to depict the forest.
Both Shishkin and Aivazovsky were landscape artists of the 19th century. Let us dwell on the biography of these individuals in more detail.
In 1817, one of the most famous marine painters in the world, Ivan Aivazovsky, was born.
He was born into a wealthy family, his father was an Armenian businessman. It is not surprising that the future maestro had a weakness for the sea element. After all, the birthplace of this artist was Feodosia, a beautiful port city.
In 1839, Ivan graduated from where he studied for six years. The artist’s style was greatly influenced by the work of the French marine painters C. Vernet and C. Lorrain, who painted their canvases according to the canons of Baroque-classicism. The most famous work of I.K. Aivazovsky is considered to be the painting “The Ninth Wave”, completed in 1850.
In addition to seascapes, the great artist worked on depicting battle scenes (a striking example is the painting “Battle of Chesme”, 1848), and also devoted many of his canvases to themes of Armenian history (“J. G. Byron’s visit to the Mekhitarist monastery near Venice”, 1880 G.).
Aivazovsky was lucky to achieve incredible fame during his lifetime. Many landscape painters who became famous in the future admired his work and took their cue from him. The great creator passed away in 1990.
Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich was born in January 1832 in the city of Elabug. The family in which Vanya was brought up was not very wealthy (his father was a poor merchant). In 1852, Shishkin began his studies at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, from which he would graduate four years later, in 1856. Even Ivan Ivanovich’s earliest works are distinguished by their extraordinary beauty and unsurpassed technique. Therefore, it is not surprising that in 1865 I. I. Shishkin was given the title of academician for the canvas “View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf”. And after eight years he received the title of professor.
Like many others, he painted from life, spending a long time in nature, in places where no one could disturb him.
The most famous paintings of the great painter are “Forest Wilderness” and “Morning in a Pine Forest,” painted in 1872, and an earlier painting “Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow" (1869)
The life of a talented man was interrupted in the spring of 1898.
Many Russian landscape artists use a large number of details and colorful color rendering when painting their canvases. The same can be said about these two representatives of Russian painting.
Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov is a world-famous landscape artist. It is he who is considered the founder of Russian lyrical landscape.
This outstanding man was born in Moscow in 1830. In 1844, Alexey began his studies at the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. Already from his youth, he was distinguished by his special talent and ability to depict landscapes. However, despite this, due to family circumstances the young man was forced to interrupt his studies and resume it only four years later.
Savrasov’s most famous and beloved work is, of course, the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived.” It was presented at the Traveling Exhibition in 1971. No less interesting are the paintings by I. K. Savrasov “Rye”, “Thaw”, “Winter”, “Country Road”, “Rainbow”, “Elk Island”. However, according to critics, none of the artist’s works compared with his masterpiece “The Rooks Have Arrived.”
Despite the fact that Savrasov painted many beautiful canvases and was already known as the author of wonderful paintings, he is soon forgotten for a long time. And in 1897 he died in poverty, driven to despair by family troubles, the death of children and alcohol addiction.
But great landscape painters cannot be forgotten. They live in their paintings, the beauty of which is breathtaking, and which we can still admire to this day.
This period is characterized by the prevalence in Russian painting of such a direction as everyday landscape. Many Russian landscape artists worked in this vein, including Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky. No less famous masters of those times are Arseny Meshchersky, as well as the previously described Aivazovsky and Shishkin, whose work occurred in the mid-second half of the 19th century.
This famous artist was born in 1834 in the Tver province. He received his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he studied for three years. The main themes of the author’s paintings were forests and the Artist loved to depict in his paintings the magnificent views of the Crimea and the Caucasus with their majestic mountains. In 1876 he received the title of professor of landscape painting.
His most successful and famous paintings can be considered the paintings “Winter. Icebreaker", "View of Geneva", "Storm in the Alps", "At the Forest Lake", "Southern Landscape", "View in Crimea".
In addition, Meshchersky also conveyed the beauty of Switzerland. In this country, he gained experience for some time from the master of landscape painting Kalam.
The master was also fond of sepia and engraving. He also created many wonderful works using these techniques.
Many paintings by the artist in question were shown at exhibitions both in Russia and in other countries of the world. Therefore, many people managed to appreciate the talent and originality of this creative person. The paintings of Arseny Meshchersky continue to delight many people who are interested in art to this day.
Makovsky V. E. was born in Moscow in 1846. His father was a famous artist. Vladimir decided to follow in his father’s footsteps and received an art education at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, after which he left for St. Petersburg.
His most successful paintings were “Waiting. At the Jail”, “Bank Collapse”, “Explanation”, “The Lodging House” and “Spring Bacchanalia”. The works mainly depict ordinary people and everyday scenes.
In addition to everyday landscapes, of which he was a master, Makovsky also painted portraits and various illustrations.
Russian landscape as a genre was formed at the end of the 18th century. It took decades and the efforts of many masters for this genre of painting to become as significant as a historical painting or portrait. The pioneers of the landscape genre were artists who studied in Europe - Semyon Shchedrin, Fyodor Matveev, Fyodor Alekseev.
In the romantic art of the first half of the 19th century, the role of landscape became more prominent. The so-called “Russian Italians” - pensioners of the Russian Academy of Arts - Sylvester Shchedrin, Mikhail Lebedev, Alexander Ivanov, picked up the pan-European artistic principles of depicting nature.
In the second half of the 19th century, in the works of the Itinerant artists, the depiction of nature reached the highest skill. Diverse and rich landscape painting became a reflection of the deep love of painters for their native land. At the same time, some were captivated by lyrical motifs, others by epic ones, and still others by the search for a generalized image, the colorfulness and decorativeness of the landscape. Winter in Russian painting is so closely connected with the “holy sixties” that the 70s that began with Savrasov’s “Rooks” seem like a short spring, the Repin-impressionistic 80s seem like an unexpected summer, and the farewell 90s, the symbolist Vrubel-Levitan series, seem like a long autumn Russian landscape.
In the 60s of the nineteenth century, the period of formation of realistic landscape painting began in Russia. The question of the content of art acquired a dominant role for landscape artists. Prompted by high patriotic feelings, they sought to show the powerful and fertile Russian nature as a source of possible wealth and happiness. At this time, individual works of landscape painters could easily stand alongside the paintings of genre painting, which was the most advanced art at that time. Such famous artists as Alexey Savrasov, Ivan Shishkin, Fyodor Vasiliev, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan made a serious contribution to the development of Russian landscape.
An important step in the Russian landscape of the second half of the 19th century was the resurrection of the ideals of romantic painting in the general mainstream of realistic trends. Vasiliev and Kuindzhi each in their own way turned to nature as the ideal of romantic painting, as an opportunity to pour out their feelings.
Impressionism played a major role in the evolution of the Russian landscape, through which almost all serious painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries went through.
In the artistic life of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, the artistic group “Union of Russian Artists” also played a significant role. It included artists Konstantin Korovin, Abram Arkhipov, Sergei Vinogradov, Konstantin Yuon and others. The main genre in the work of these artists was landscape. They were the successors of landscape painting of the second half of the 19th century.
Nikolai Krymov and Viktor Borisov-Musatov created their landscapes in the spirit of symbolist art.
In the 20-30s of the twentieth century, neo-academic trends began to develop in art. These views were shared by Nikolai Dormidontov and Semyon Pavlov.
Some artists persistently continued to develop the traditions established in the 19th century. Among them are Alexander Dreven, Morozov. Others have offered new perspectives on the artistic heritage of the last century. Boris Kustodiev, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin developed their own vision of their native nature.
The first decade of the twentieth century passed under the motto of the most daring search for new means of expression in painting. Kazimir Malevich and Natalya Goncharova found new forms, new colors, new expressive means for conveying the landscape.
Soviet realism continued the traditions of classical Russian landscape. Arkady Plastov, Vyacheslav Zagonek, and the Tkachev brothers looked attentively and with optimism at their native nature.
Russian landscape has undergone an evolution throughout its life from classicism to symbolism, including romantic and expressive landscape. The exhibition showed all the main stages in the development of this genre.
Lesson topic: “Landscape in Russian painting.”
Target: To expand students’ knowledge about landscape as a genre in art that involves a harmonious combination of the artist’s feelings and their expression in creative activity using an example
Tasks:
educational:
– continue acquaintance with landscape as a genre of fine art, using the example of the work of I. I. Levitan;
– be able to carry out a simple analysis of the content of works of art, note expressive means of depiction;
educational:
– be able to see the beauty of the world around us,
– respect the work and talent of a great artist,
– cultivate pride in one’s Fatherland;
developing:
– develop observation, visual memory, attention to detail.
Equipment: computer, interactive whiteboard, presentation “Creativity of I.I. Levitan", album, gouache, brushes.
Material: L.A. Nemenskaya. Fine arts “Art in human life”, 6th grade, Moscow “Enlightenment”, 2014.
Preparing for the lesson. Before the lesson, children are given individual tasks: find information about the life and work of I. I. Levitan, create a presentation.
Lesson plan:
I. Organizational moment - 2 min.
II. Reflection on the material from the last lesson – 3 min.
III. Introduction to the topic:
Messages accompanied by presentations by the teacher and students on the topic of the lesson - 15 min.
IV. Practical work - 20 min.
V. Summing up - 3 min.
VI. Homework - 2 min.
"There is no need to decorate nature,
but you need to feel its essence
and free from accidents."
( Levitan I.I. )
Teacher - Today in class we will continue to get acquainted with one of the genres of fine art - landscape, landscape in Russian paintingFor examplecreativity of the artist I.I. Levitan.
Man began to depict nature back in ancient times. But almost always these images served only as a background for a portrait or some kind of scene.
And only in the 17th century did they appearlandscapes
– paintings in which nature has become their main content.This genre was created by Dutch painters. They usually painted landscapes on small canvases, and later they began to be called “little Dutchmen.”
Landscape painting is very diverse. There are landscapes that accurately convey certain corners of nature, and there are also those that were created by the artist’s imagination. There are landscapes in which artists were able to very subtly convey the state of nature.
So what is “landscape”?
(Student message)
Landscape (French paysage, from pays - country, area), a real view of any area; in the fine arts - a genre or a separate work in which the main subject of the image is natural or, to one degree or another, nature transformed by man;
Teacher - What types of landscapes do you know?
(Student message)
Urban, rural, forest, lyrical, architectural, marina, industrial.
Teacher - Landscape is not a mechanical reproduction of the human environment, it is an artistic image of nature or a city, i.e. an aesthetically meaningful, poeticized image, as if passed through the artist’s personal perception.
In the high flowering of Russian painting of the 19th century, landscape played an outstanding role. Images of nature created by Russian artists have enriched Russian and world culture.
In the work of landscape artists, what is interesting is not the fact of a realistic depiction of nature, but rather the reflection of a subjective, individual view of it. A person often associates his emotional state with the state of nature. Landscapes are able to express people’s feelings, as in them artists creatively reproduce views of nature. It appears to them colored by emotions, for example, “joyful” or “gloomy,” although these states are not at all inherent in nature.
The development of the Russian landscape in the 19th century was fueled by the growing, increasingly conscious love of the Russian people for their native land.
Landscape has won its place as one of the leading genres of painting. His language has become, like poetry, a way of expressing the artist’s high feelings, a field of art in which deep and serious truths about the life and destinies of mankind are expressed, in which a contemporary speaks and recognizes himself. Looking at the works of landscape painting, listening to what the artist is talking about, depicting nature, we learn knowledge of life, understanding and love for the world and man.
It is unlikely that anyone in our country has not heard the name of the artist
Isaac Ilyich Levitan, a brilliant master of landscape. For long hours the artist wandered through the forests of the Moscow region, the Volga region, and the Tver province, and then on his canvases appeared copses, thin birch trees standing in melted spring water, a bridge over the river, ravines on the slopes of which the snow had not yet melted.
Levitan's landscapes, sometimes sad, sometimes joyful, sometimes alarming, tell us not only about the beauty of nature, but also about the feelings and moods of the artist. Levitan so truthfully and so vividly conveyed the nature of the Central Russian zone that now they often say, looking at a young forest or a flowering field: “It’s just like in Levitan’s painting.”
I.I. Levitan is a subtle, lyrical artist by nature of his talent. Like many masters of the lyrical movement, in landscape Levitan prefers not midday, but morning and evening, not summer and winter, but spring and autumn, that is, those moments that are richer in changes and shades of moods, not oaks, pines and spruces, but more Birch, aspen and especially water surfaces are “responsive” to natural changes.
The first works of I. I. Levitan are like the first timid melodies, which then merge into complex musical creations.
A modest autumn landscape: a park alley stretching into the distance, on both sides tall old pines and young maples, covering the ground with autumn leaves.
The wind drives wisps of clouds across the autumn sky, sways the tops of pine trees, sweeps leaves from maples and wraps around the figure of a woman walking along the alley. The picture feels harmony and musicality. You can catch the musical rhythm; it was somewhat reminiscent of an autumn song without words.
The feeling created by the picture can be defined in one word - holiday. The light side of the house, reflecting sunlight, orange pillars of the porch, deep brown shadows on the door, blue shadows on the snow, light purple reflections on the crowns of young trees, the bright blue depth of the sky - such is the jubilant, full of life coloring of the picture.
There is in the initial autumn
A short but wonderful time!
The whole forest stands as if it were crystal,
And the evenings are radiant...
F.I.Tyutchev
WITH 
From the very beginning, the Volga became the running motif of Levitan’s work. It is infinite not only in the physical sense, but also in the figurative sense - like Genesis. In Levitan, the Volga, like once the mother goddess, exists in different guises. She is both a symbol of vigorous life activity and a golden mirage of dreams of existential harmony and a womb of eternal peace that accepts everyone.
I. Levitan depicts a Volga landscape with wide open spaces in the background and a small town. The light palette with a predominance of silver-gray tones makes you feel the picturesque, lyrical richness of the landscape.
Z 
the trees of the nearby shore, the visible church, houses - this is the real, everyday environment where a person’s life passes; here the colors are cooler and the silhouettes are clearer. In the background is a distant shore shrouded in haze, a golden river, as if a golden sky has been thrown into the water, like a dream, like a different, magical world, conducive to thought and inspiring hope.
ABOUT 
Feeling the harmony of being in nature, “divine grace,” Levitan seems to be sad about what man is deprived of in reality. In the picture it is evening, the end of a day that has already been lived, and a peculiar ringing sound characteristic of the evening service. The end of a day of life and the sunset cannot but evoke some sadness.
Levitan raised the landscape genre to a deep symbolic and philosophical picture with reflections on human life, on eternity...
This is a picture of the human soul in the images of nature
Practical work:
Today you will try to depict the natural world in painting.
Show your imagination and creativity. Reflect your feelings and images of your native nature. For work we will need: brushes and gouache.
Summarizing.
Teacher - Today in class you learned about the work of the great artist I.I. Levitan, tried to work in painting themselves.
Students' work is evaluated and displayed in a rotating exhibition.
Reflection. Compiling a syncwine on the topic “Creativity of I.I. Levitan."
Execution example:
Artist
Talented and touching
Searched, created
Created wonderful works
The pride of Russia.
Students selectively read out the five verses they receive.
Homework: choose one of the landscape works of Russian artists of the 19th century and analyze it.
Literature:
Nemensky, B. M. Fine arts. Volgograd: Teacher, 2008.
Powell W. F. Lessons in drawing and painting. Let's look at the color scheme. M. AST – Astrel, 2006.
Art. 5-7 grades. Teaching the basics of visual literacy: lesson notes / author's compilation. O. V. Pavlova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2009.-132 p.: ill.
Landscape artists. Encyclopedia of painting for children. White City, Moscow, 2008
Masterpieces of Russian painting. Encyclopedia of world art. White City, Moscow, 2006
Application.
Evening. Zolotoy Plyos
After the rain. Plyos
