The first collection of epics by Kirsha Danilov was published in Moscow in 1804. The term “epics” was first introduced by Ivan Sakharov in the collection “Songs of the Russian People” in 1839. THE FOLK NAME OF EPIC IS OLD, OLD, OLD. It was this word that was used by the storytellers who performed them to the accompaniment of the gusli. The syllable of epics is musical (they were originally created to be sung). Old women are filled with outdated epithets, frequent repetitions, and lack the usual rhyme.
Bylina: Bylina is a genre of Russian folklore, a heroic - patriotic song - a legend about heroes and historical events of Ancient Rus' from the 9th to the 13th centuries. Epics inspired many masters of art to create original creations, for example: the painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs”.
The epics are divided into two cycles: Kiev 1. Events are confined to the capital city of Kyiv and the court of Prince Vladimir. 2. Heroes of these antiquities (“younger heroes”): - Ilya Muromets - Dobrynya Nikitich - Alyosha Popovich - Mikhailo Potyk - Stavr Godinovich - Churilo Plenkovich Novgorodsky 1. Stories about Sadka and Vasily Buslaev. 2. “Elder heroes”: - Svyatogor - Volga - Mikula Selyaninovich For centuries, epics were passed down among the peasantry by word of mouth from an old storyteller to a young one and were not written down until the 18th century.
Not one, but several old stories are dedicated to some heroes, which form a whole cycle: 1. Healing of Ilya Muromets. 2. Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor. 3. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale - The Robber. 4. Ilya Muromets and tavern goli. 5. Ilya Muromets and Idolishche in Kyiv. 6. Ilya Muromets and Idolishche in Tsar-grad. 7. Ilya Muromets in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir. 8. Ilya Muromets and Kalin - Tsar. 9. Fight between Ilya Muromets and his son. 10. Bogatyr on the Falcon - ship. 11. Three trips of Ilya Muromets. 12. The fight between Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. 1. Healing of Ilya Muromets. 2. Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor. 3. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale - The Robber. 4. Ilya Muromets and tavern goli. 5. Ilya Muromets and Idolishche in Kyiv. 6. Ilya Muromets and Idolishche in Tsar-grad. 7. Ilya Muromets in a quarrel with Prince Vladimir. 8. Ilya Muromets and Kalin - Tsar. 9. Fight between Ilya Muromets and his son. 10. Bogatyr on the Falcon - ship. 11. Three trips of Ilya Muromets. 12. The fight between Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. Ilya Muromets lived in the 12th century and bore the nickname “Chobotok” (Boot), because he once managed to fight off enemies with the help of these shoes.
Ilya Muromets is the main hero of Russian epics; the plot about his battle with Nightingale the Robber has more than 100 options. The epic “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” Plan of events of the epic: 1. Departure of Ilya Muromets to Kyiv. 2. Fight with the great Silushka near Chernigov. 3. Conversation with Chernigov residents. Refusal of voivodeship. 4. Ilya’s fight with the Nightingale the Robber. 5. Ilya’s entry into the capital Kyiv city. 6. Ilya’s conversation with Prince Vladimir. 7. Trial of the Nightingale the Robber. 8.The End of the Nightingale the Robber. 1. Departure of Ilya Muromets to Kyiv. 2. Fight with the great Silushka near Chernigov. 3. Conversation with Chernigov residents. Refusal of voivodeship. 4. Ilya’s fight with the Nightingale the Robber. 5. Ilya’s entry into the capital Kyiv city. 6. Ilya’s conversation with Prince Vladimir. 7. Trial of the Nightingale the Robber. 8.The End of the Nightingale the Robber.
Fine and expressive means of epics Epithets: ant-grass, azure petals, dark forests, damp earth... Repetitions: a and black-black, black-black, like a raven’s feather; the dark power is overtaken by darkness... Hyperbole: the heroic horse gallops higher than the dense forests; just below the walking cloud; small rivers; jumps over the lakes... Words with diminutive suffixes: little road, father, remote, sidewalk, grass... Parallelism: You can’t get through here with infantry, You can’t get through here on horseback. The black raven did not fly here, the gray beast did not prowl here.
Monument to Ilya Muromets in the city of Murom According to epics, Ilya Muromets comes from the village of Karacharova near the city of Murom. However, there is one more place that claims to be the hero’s homeland - the village of Morovsk (in ancient times Moroviysk) in the modern Chernigov region. In relative proximity to it is the city of Karachev, and the Smorodinnaya River flows, which is similar in name to the Smorodina River from Russian epics. The village of Nine Oaks is also located here (cf. nine oak trees on which the Nightingale the Robber sat). The very name of the hero “Muromets” raises doubts whether it is original or not. According to one version, this name could have stuck to him over time, under the influence of the hero’s association with the city of Murom. According to epics, Ilya Muromets comes from the village of Karacharova near the city of Murom. However, there is one more place that claims to be the hero’s homeland - the village of Morovsk (in ancient times Moroviysk) in the modern Chernigov region. In relative proximity to it is the city of Karachev, and the Smorodinnaya River flows, which is similar in name to the Smorodina River from Russian epics. The village of Nine Oaks is also located here (cf. nine oak trees on which the Nightingale the Robber sat). The very name of the hero “Muromets” raises doubts whether it is original or not. According to one version, this name could have stuck to him over time, under the influence of the hero’s association with the city of Murom. The epic hero is often associated with Saint Elijah of Pechersk, whose relics are to this day located in the caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. The Monk Ilya Muromets lived in the 12th century and before his tonsure was a warrior nicknamed “Chobotok”. It is known that over time the warrior became a monk in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra under the name of Elijah and died around 1188. Leaving worldly battles for the spiritual sphere was a common practice for the Middle Ages - many warriors, after many years of battles and severe wounds, laid down their arms and entered a monastery. It is known that over time the warrior became a monk in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra under the name of Elijah and died around 1188. Leaving worldly battles for the spiritual sphere was a common practice for the Middle Ages - many warriors, after many years of battles and severe wounds, laid down their arms and entered a monastery.
HEROES OF THE EPIC “VOLGA AND MIKULA SELYANINOVICH” Prince Volga Svyatoslavich (Volkh Vseslavyevich) is a hunter, hero and werewolf, born from Princess Marfa Vseslavyevna and a snake. The miraculous birth of a hero bears traces of the totemistic ideas of our distant ancestors. His name, Volkh, consonant with the word "magician", indicates that a great sorcerer and wizard was born. At the moment of his birth, the earth trembles, animals, fish and birds hide in great fear. Military victory goes to the epic Volkh thanks not to physical strength, but to magical skill. Having defeated the enemy, he and his squad remain in the captured land, becoming the ruler there. These features are not characteristic of epics about other heroes. There are three plots associated with Volga: 1) His birth. 2) Marching on India (according to some options on Turkey). 3) Volga’s trip for tribute to the cities of Gurchevets, Krestyanovets and Orekhovets and meeting with Mikula Selyaninovich.
HEROES OF THE EPIC “VOLGA AND MIKULA SELYANINOVICH” Mikula Selyaninovich is a plowman with remarkable strength. Enormous strength, the ability to easily lift earthly thrusts (which turned out to be beyond the power of the mighty Svyatogor), bring him closer to the so-called “elder” heroes - the most ancient characters of the Russian epic. The personality of Mikula Selyaninovich is known exclusively in the Olonets epic repertoire, and there is not a single epic about him recorded in other parts of Russia. The time of composition of the edition of the epic that has reached us, deduced from a comparison of variants, cannot be too distant. The chronological date can be the silver pennies with which Mikula buys salt - an indication of an era no earlier than the beginning of the 15th century, when the Novgorodians began to use foreign money in place of the kunna of the old system: artigas, pubes and Lithuanian pennies. In some versions: having learned from Volga that he is going to collect tribute, Mikula says that he himself recently encountered the Orekhov men when he went to buy salt, and calls them robbers. Other versions very briefly talk about the assistance provided by Mikula to Volga in obtaining tribute from rebellious townspeople who wanted to destroy Volga’s squad by cutting down bridges across the Volkhov River.
NOVGOROD EPIC "SADKO" Sadko is the hero of the Novgorod epics, a guslar who became rich thanks to the help of the sea king. He made a bet with other Novgorod merchants that he could buy up all the goods in the city (as a rule, the hero loses this bet). Then he went to the kingdom of the lord of the sea, where he amused him with his playing of the harp. On the advice of Nikola Mozhaisky, he chose Chernavushka as his wife, the embodiment of the Novgorod river, thanks to which he was able to return home from the magical underwater world. In the Novgorod Chronicle, under 1167, a certain Sotko Sytinich is mentioned, who built the Church of Boris and Gleb in Detinets, and he built the church as if in gratitude for his miraculous salvation at sea. In the entire Russian epic, there are only two epics that have preserved the ancient form of storytelling, when all the plots associated with one hero are performed sequentially in one song - these are the epics about Sadko and Mikhailo Potyk.
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Oral folk art Traditions
Folklore - oral folk art Folklore (English: “folk wisdom”) The set of poetic works created among the people, existing in oral form. 2. Oral folk poetry
Features of folklore Collectivity (there is no specific author, the author is the whole people) Oral form of existence (minor changes when retelling) Traditionality (folklore works are passed on from generation to generation, preserving the traditions of the people)
Genres of folklore folklore proverbs sayings song saying tale fairy tale epic with reading room nursery rhyme legend
Tradition is a genre of folklore. This is an oral story that contains information about historical persons and events passed down from generation to generation. Legends often arise from eyewitness accounts.
Types of legends Historical (about Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great); - Toponymic (stories about geographical objects (areas, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc.) and settlements); Church.
Historical legends The first historical legends are about Rurik, the founder of the first princely dynasty “The Arrival of Rurik in Ladoga” by V. M. Vasnetsov.
Historical legends A cycle of legends about Ivan the Terrible
Historical legends Legends about Peter the Great
Toponymic legends There is a legend about the founding of Kyiv. Kyiv was allegedly founded by Prince Kiy, who had brothers Shchek and Khoriv and a sister Lybid. The Shchekovitsa and Khorivitsa hills and the Lybid River were named after them.
Enriching your speech Explain the meaning of phrases Contains information The ancestor of the first princely dynasty Cycle of legends Peter's era Looseness in the behavior of heroes Farmers Craftsmen Contains news, information about something The princely family came from this man, i.e. he was the first to receive the princely title A number of works of art, united by a community of characters, themes The years of the reign of Peter the Great until his death Free and relaxed in his behavior with people A peasant engaged in arable farming. Relating to artisans, craftsmen, working people.
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Legends as a genre of Russian oral folk art
Performed
teacher of Russian language and literature
MBOU secondary school No. 32 of the city of Bratsk
Tugolukova Elena Nikolaevna
What's happened?
Tradition is a genre of folklore non-fairy prose that develops historical themes in its folk interpretation.
Legends tell about events or incidents that are considered reliable and genuine.
About what?
Themes of legends:
Legends contain memories of ancient events, an explanation of some phenomenon, name or custom.
About what?
Legends often talk about famous events of the past:
Heroes of legends
Historical figures:
Is everything true in the legends?
Legends do not always provide reliable information. There is a lot of speculation in them.
Thus, legends were told that in ancient times there lived not ordinary people, but giants. Therefore, at the sites of Russian battles with enemies, bones of enormous size could allegedly be found.
Similar genres
Close to legends tales And happened .
These are stories about a meeting with evil spirits (goblin, merman, kikimora, brownie).
If an eyewitness himself narrated a meeting with evil spirits, then such stories were called stories, and if the narrator told about what happened to others, then these stories were called former people .
"Poll"
1. What are legends?
2. What do the legends tell about?
3. Is everything in the legends true?
4. What are etiological legends?
5. Name genres close to legends.
