Indirect Speech, то есть выражает слова другого человека. Сказанные по определению в прошлом, недавнем или давно прошедшем. Не обязательно устно, с таким же успехом передается написанный текст или цифровое сообщение. Сведения могут происходить от группы людей, и даже из более абстрактных источников, которые с трудом поддаются персонализации. Главное, что говорящий или пишущий субъект выражается не от себя лично, а ссылается на сторонних лиц.
Также косвенная речь в английском называется Reported Speech – «переданная» или «донесенная», в буквальном переводе. Более формальная лингвистическая формулировка «непрямая» обозначает то же самое.
Существует еще один способ передать чужое высказывание: прямая речь в английском языке , или Direct Speech. Это дословная цитата в кавычках, со вводной фразой вначале и двоеточием или запятой. Например, She said: «come to me this evening». Чем короче и проще введение, тем лучше. В нем используется Past Idefinite (Simple), Past или Present Perfect, Past Continuous. Но основное внимание следует уделить точному цитированию.
Прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке существенно различаются. Вторая намного сложнее первой. Составляется с изменением времен и многих характерных словосочетаний, с применением специфических речевых конструкций.
Кроме вводного глагола to say (как в примере She said …) часто используются и многие другие. Самые распространенные из них:
Но это лишь вводная часть. За ней идет самое интересное. Описывающие косвенную речь в английском языке правила сводятся к трем основным:
Последние два пункта в списке не очень строгие. Их нарушение нельзя считать грубой ошибкой, особенно в просторечии. Но соблюдение предписаний показывает образованность человека, следование правилам хорошего тона. Если вы собираетесь на прием у британской королевы, стоит включить в своей голове все полученные знания.
При замене местоимений чаще всего первое лицо заменяется третьим:
– I am tired (говорит студент) → Student said, he was angry.
Но может заменяться и второе первым:
– «You are doing wrong things» → He said, we was doing wrong things.
Здесь говорящий передает высказывание, адресованное ему самому третьим лицом. Местоимения обязательно следует заменять, руководствуясь здравым смыслом. Также возможна замена местоимения существительным или более подробным уточнением, и наоборот. She ↔ the teacher, или he ↔ my best friend.
Времена глаголов (Verb Tenses) изменяются по схемам, приведенным далее.
Используемые изначально в настоящем времени глагольные формы:
Из настоящего времени глаголы переходят в аналогичное прошедшее – простое (неопределенное), длительное или завершенное.
(Boy:) – I visit my parents everyday → Boy said, he visited his parents everyday.
(Girl:) – I am walking to the school→ Girl said, she was walking to the school.
(Teacher:) – They have done their homework well → Teacher recognized, they had done their homework well.
(Student:) – My friends have been studiyng hard all first semester → Student told, her friends had been studiyng hard all first semester.
Если события происходили в прошлом:
Запомнить эту схему тоже просто: везде добавляется перфект, а если он уже присутствует, то остается на прежнем месте.
(Sportsman:) – Their team played badly → Captain said, their team had played badly.
Здесь подразумевается чужая команда, поэтому their не изменяется, третье лицо остается третьим. В данном случае косвенная речь в английском может оставаться в простом прошлом времени, если это неофициальная беседа. Вставка перфектного had характерна для более строгих официальных разговоров.
(Waiter:) – Visitors was eating roast beef and oysters → Waiter said, visitors had been eating roast beef and oysters.
В просторечии прошедшее продолжительное время тоже часто сохраняется, не переходя в длительное совершенное, характерное для высших слоев общества.
Если же косвенная речь в английском языке идет о будущем, применяется специфическое время «будущее в прошлом». Модальный глагол will при этом преобразуется в would.
Изменение слов, показывающих на время или место действия, происходит следующим образом:
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
the day after tomorrow → two days later
yesterday → the day before
the day before yesterday → two days before
next → following
last → previous
tonight → that night
Слева приводятся слова, используемые при непосредственном общении или в рамках цитат. Справа – когда вводится в английский косвенная речь . Как видно, просторечные и лингвистически простые языковые конструкции преобразуются в более книжные и заумные.
Никаких изменений не происходит во фразах, выражающих несомненный факт или прописную истину. В данном случае прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке выглядит или звучит одинаково. Например: She said that 22 June daylight is the longest (22 июня – самый длинный световой день). То же касается сослагательного наклонения (Subjunctive Mood), выражающему пожелание (не всегда реалистичное), предположение, возможность или сомнение. Например: It was proposed that the quality of production be improved (было предложено улучшить качество продукции). Еще один вариант, когда прямая и косвенная речь в английском совпадает – при передаче другому человеку слов, только что сказанных третьим. Поскольку они не успели «устареть», то и менять ничего не нужно.
Переход одних глаголов в другие касается тех, которые имеют формы прошлого времени, отличающиеся от употребляемых в настоящем:
Не претерпевают изменений must, ought и should, эти глаголы одинаковые в косвенной и прямой речи в английском . Однако, использование must зависит от выражаемого им смысла. Если это активный приказ или настойчивый совет, must сохраняется. При пассивной обязанности, из-за непреодолимых обстоятельств, must переходит в had to.
Вопросы подразделяются на общие (common) и специальные (special). Общие начинаются вспомогательным глаголом: Do или Did, Have или Had, и тому подобными. Специальные – одним из вопросительных слов: How, What, Where, When, и прочими. Когда задается вопрос, прямая и косвенная речь в английском соотносится по аналогичным правилам, что и утвердительные предложения. Сохраняется прежний порядок слов, при необходимости используется отрицание No, отрицательная частица not или сокращенное слитное написание словосочетаний: isn’t или aren’t, wouldn’t. Но также заменяются начальные слова в вопросах общего типа. Вместо Do или Have на первое место выносится союз if (если) или whether (ли). Кроме того, когда вводится в английский косвенная речь , в любых вопросах исчезает вопросительный знак.
– Do you play chess? → They asked if we played chess.
– Have you written this letter? → I asked them whether they had written this letter (я спросила их, написали ли они это письмо).
В специальных вопросах остаются неизменными вопросительные слова, в английский язык косвенная речь входит лишь с изменением знаков препинания, и по стандартным правилам для утвердительных предложений.
– When did you visited your friend? → Не asked when we had visited our friend.
– Can you call them? → She asked if we could call them. Вопрос может обращаться к одному собеседнику или нескольким, что обычно становится понятным из контекста. Слово you по сути не имеет определенного числа, хотя склоняется всегда, как используемое во множественном.
В кратких ответах косвенная и прямая речь в английском языке отличается. Yes и No пропускаются.
– They answered us: «Yes, we do». → They answered they did.
– You answered: «No, we don’t». → You answered that you did not.
Как обычно, Present Simple перешло в Past Simple.
Повелительное наклонение выражает приказание или более мягкое указание, просьбу. При побуждении что-либо делать тоже используется косвенная речь, английский язык сравнительно прост в этом отношении: после вводной части ставится еще частица to c инфинитивом. И следует соблюдать правила, перечисленные в разделе, посвященном утвердительным предложениям.
– Teacher said, «Listen with attention!» → Teacher asked to listen with attention.
– Doctor said, «Be very careful outdoors!» → Doctor asked to be very careful outdoors.
Когда используется выражающая вежливую просьбу косвенная речь, английский глагол say переходит в ask или beg.
При выражении более строгого приказа применяются tell или order:
– Policeman said, «Leave this area!» → Policeman ordered to leave this area.
Слово Please пропускается:
– Driver said, «Please, give me ticket!» → Driver asked to give him ticket.
В побудительных предложениях с использованием отрицания частица not стоит перед to:
– Professor said, «Don’t come too late!» → Professor told not to came too late.
Если понадобится использовать косвенную речь, английский язык сложнее русского. Необходимо запомнить несколько правил, затем вовремя их применять. Наиболее трудный момент – изменение глагольных времен на перфектные или прошедшие. Изучающим иностранный стоит попрактиковаться в составлении утвердительных, вопросительных и побудительных предложений. Желательно употреблять не только самые популярные глаголы (to say), но и другие. Список некоторых из них был приведен ранее, хотя это лишь малая часть языкового богатства. Какие глаголы пригодны для употребления во вводной части (наподобие They said …), легко понять самостоятельно, просмотрев словарь или список. Это активные выражения, посвященные общению между людьми.
Если еще возникают затруднения, в крайнем случае можно использовать прямую цитату, передав ее письменно в кавычках или устно изменением тембра голоса и соответствующими паузами. Тогда ошибка исключается, и нет шансов показаться малообразованным человеком.
» Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения
Indirect Speech (10 -11)
Transform direct speech into indirect speech.
The teacher asks the children: “Give me your test books please!”
Mother insists: “ You should visit the doctor”.
The doctor said to Sam: “Don’t eat meat”.
My friend suggests me: “Let’s go to the pictures!”
My father forbids: “ Don’t come home so late!”
Mother ordered the children: “ Wash your hands!”
My sister demands: “ Help me please”.
I Transform Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. Make necessary changes.
1. They said: “ We are going to the cinema with our classmates”.
2. Ann said: “I will finish this task tomorrow”.
3. Bobby told me: “My friend hasn’t done her homework today”.
4. He told us: “I bought this ticket yesterday”.
5. My brother told me: “Your friend came to see you an hour ago”.
7. Peter said: “I understand these explanations”.
8. I said to the teacher: “ I don’t write this essay”.
II. Imperative. Questions.
The conductor said to a passenger: “Close the door, please”.
The teacher said to the children: “Don’t make such a noise!”
He wondered: “Who is the next?”
She asked: “Where did they go last week?”
They asked me: “Do you play the piano?”
The teacher wondered: “ Did you study hard for the exam?”
The teacher said: “When will you come, Nick?”
Change the sentences using Indirect Speech. Don’t forget Sequence of Tenses.
She told me “I have written these letters to several of my cousins”.
They said: “We are in the office today”.
Mother told me “Your friend called on you half an hour ago”.
I answered: “I won’t be able to do this task tomorrow”.
Mary said: “I don’t like this play”.
The children shouted: “We didn’t write anything yesterday”.
I said to mother: “I wasn’t sleeping when you came yesterday”.
The teacher asked the children: “Have you done your homework?”
I asked: “Do you like this dinner, nick?”
They asked us: “Will you help us?”
The doctor said to Sam: “Don’t eat meat!”
The customer said to the shop-assistant: “Show me this sweater, please!”
Dr. Dobson asked Dr. Britt: “How many patients do you have today?”
Mother asked me: “What are you going to do?”
Mary asked: “Why don’t you want to swim in the pool, Sam?”
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ
Must меняется на had to
Can на could
Shall на should
Will на would
Для лучшего усвоения рассмотрим следующие примеры:
‘We must go to school to class.’ - They said they had to go school to class.
‘I can’t paint picture.’ - She said she couldn’t paint picture.
‘I will see my mother soon.’ - He said he would see his mom soon.
‘I shall buy the bread.’ - She said she should buy the bread.
Слова, употребляемые в прямой речи, могут меняться при использовании косвенной следующим образом:
Ago – previously, before;
Yesterday – the day before;
Today – that day;
That/this – the;
On/next Friday – the following Friday;
Last month – the previous month;
The day after tomorrow – in two days’ time;
This weekend – that weekend;
Here – there;
Tomorrow – the following day / the next day;
Tonight – that night;
Рассмотрим изменение слов на примере предложений
‘I`ll drink milk tomorrow.’ – He said he`d drink milk the next day.
‘I saw Mr. Freeman today.’ - She said she’d seen Mr. Freeman that day.
‘I don`t like this lesson.’ - He said he didn`t like that lesson.
‘I met Andy about two weeks ago.’ - She said she had met Andy about two weeks before.
‘We visited our grandparents last Monday.’ - They said they had visited their grandparents the previous Monday.
Безусловно, нельзя заменять слова подобным образом во всех предложениях. Подобная замена имеет место только там, где она уместна и подходит по смыслу.
Так, например, рассмотрим предложение: She said, ‘I like to live here.’ Предположим, что она говорит о Лондоне. В косвенной речи ее слова можно передать по-разному:
She said she liked to live there – она говорит, что ей нравится жить там. (Соответственно предполагается, что вы сами не проживаете в Лондоне)
She said she liked to live here – она говорит, что ей нравится жить здесь. (Получается, что и вы проживаете, или на данный момент находитесь в этом городе)
На одном простом примере становится понятно, что переводя прямую речь в косвенную, просто необходимо обращать внимание на внешние обстоятельства и уже затем делать выводы, уместным ли будет то или иное слово или фраза.
При образовании косвенной речи из прямой, такие глаголы как ought to (должны), would, might, could, should – не изменяются.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ С WH–ВОПРОСАМИ.
Следует сразу отметить что wh–вопросы , это те, которые начинаются со следующих слов: Why, Where, Who, When, What и другие, начинающиеся на буквы wh.
Следует отметить, что большое количество вопросов в косвенной речи, начинается после основного глагола, который употребляется в прошедшем времени (Past Tense). Что же касается самого вопроса, то время в нем изменяется согласно вышеуказанным правилам образования времен.
Порядок расстановки слов в вопросах, которые относятся к косвенной речи, меняется:
‘What`s the time?’ - She asked what time it was. – правильносформулированноепредложение.
Неправильнобудеттак: She asked what was the time.
«How’s your grandmother? » - He asked me how my mother was. - правильнаярасстановкаслов.
Неправильныйвариант: He asked me how was my mother.
Глагол «to ask» (спросить), применяется в косвенной речи как с объектом, так и без него:
He asked me how my mom was.
He asked how my mom was.
Приведем еще несколько примеров для закрепления этого материала:
‘How did you get to home?’ - He asked how I had got to home.
‘Where do you live?’ - The friend wanted to know where I lived.
‘Why are you so early?’ - The doctor demanded to know why I was so early.
IF И WHETHER ПРИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ
If и whether в косвенной речи употребляются только с общими вопросами (не с wh–вопросами), на которые могут быть только два ответа: нет или да.
При построении общих вопросов, используются все вышеуказанные правила, касающиеся согласования времен.
Whether, как и If, в английском языке обозначает частицу «ли».
Стоит отметить, что порядок слов в общих вопросах косвенной речи меняется, например:
‘Are you tired?’ - She asked if I was tired. (Она спросила, была ли я уставшая).
‘Did you read the book?’ - He asked whether I had read the book.(Онспросилменя, читаллияэтукнигу).
‘Have you finished your job?’ - He asked if I had finished my job. (Он спросил, закончила ли я свою работу).
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМАНД (ПРИКАЗОВ) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ
При приказе (команде) в косвенной речи употребляется сначала основной глагол, затем объект и инфинитив:
‘Stop!’ - She told the student to stop.
‘Break!’ - He told the boxer to break.
Что же касается отрицательной формы, то порядок слов тот же, за исключением того что перед инфинитивом ставится частичка «not». Например:
‘Don`t sleep here!’ - The teacher ordered the student not to sleep there.
‘Don`t go!’ - She told him not to go.
Tell, warn, instruct, order, command– основные глаголы, которые чаще всего встречаются в приказах косвенной речи.
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРОСЬБЫ (ЗАПРОСА) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ.
Предложения. в которых мы употребляем запрос, несут в себе обращение к человеку с просьбой о чем-либо.
Would и could – слова, с которых начинаются запросы в прямой речи.
To ask (просить, спрашивать) – основной глагол, с которого, как правило, начинается запрос в косвенной речи.
‘Would you close the window, please?’ - He asked me to close the window. .
‘Could you pour me water, please?’ – He asked me to pour him water.
Но! Следует обратить внимание на то, что ни в коем случае нельзя путать просьбу с приказом, иначе вас могут неправильно понять.
Например:
He told me to give him the book – онвелелмнеотдатьемукнигу;
He asked me to give him the book – онпопросилменядатьемукнигу.
Помимо того, что необходимо различать приказ от просьбы, еще необходимо различать предложение от просьбы.
Так, например, предложение будет звучать следующим образом:
‘Would you like a cake? » – He asked if I would like a cake. («Хочешь пирог?» - он спросил, хочу ли я пирога).
Просьба же будет звучать чуть иначе:
«Would you pass me a cake?» – He asked me to pass him a cake.(«Можете передать мне пирог?» - он попросил меня передать ему пирог).
1. Mike told the policeman that he lost his identity card.
2. Jane said to Dick that Julia doesn’t live next to her.
3. She told the detective that she sees the thief in the house.
4. He said that he ate nothing since morning.
5. My girlfriend told me that she felt very bad, and she had a headache.
6. Tom’s boss said to him that he hasn’t done the work properly.
7. Anna said that she doesn’t want to wear her old dress.
8. Her brother told her that they will have plenty of time to do their work
Упражнения на отработку и закрепление косвенной речи в английском языке
Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи. Обратите внимание, какие предложения являются утвердительными, вопросительными или повелительными, всегда ли надо изменять время глагола в придаточном предложении.
1. He said, "I like this song." He said __________.
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. She asked me __________.
3. "I don"t speak Italian," she said. She said __________.
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. They asked me __________.
5. "The film began at seven o"clock," he said. He said __________.
6. "Don"t play on the grass, boys," she said. She told the boys __________.
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. She asked him __________.
8. "I never make mistakes," he said. He said __________.
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. He wanted to know __________.
10. "Don"t try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. The stuntman advised the audience __________.
11. "I was very tired," she said. She said __________.
12. "Be careful, Ben," she said. She told Ben __________.
13. "I will get myself a drink," she says. She says __________.
14. "Why haven"t you phoned me?" he asked me. He wondered __________.
15. "I cannot drive them home," he said. He said __________.
16. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. She asks Peter __________.
17. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. She asked me __________.
18. He said, "Don"t go too far." He advised her __________.
19. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us. He wanted to know __________.
20. "Don"t make so much noise," he says. He asks us ___________ .
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках
1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermitage. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found out that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 10. We found out that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.
1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took a lot of colour photographs while travelling in-the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.
1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. H е says they have not been in their beloved city for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write him a letter when they return home.
Раскройте скобки , выбирая требующееся время глагола.
1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I Was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.
Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.
1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 3. She never drinks milk. (I was told). 4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 5. They live a happy life. (We knew) 6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has-repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She knows English very well. (I supposed) 10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works on his English hard. (I knew) 14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)
1. Я знала, что Аня работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама.5. Я знала, что она очень занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в той части города движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.9. Все мы знали, что их семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам ту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что любит ту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец - профессор и живет в Москве
Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.
1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4.Язнал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7.Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья из Лондона прислали письмо. 14.Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала «Травиату».
Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.
1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой - его любимый писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы живете в Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 4. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом. 9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читальном зале. 11. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.13. Андрей сказал нам, что, когда он вошел в комнату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газету. 14. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет. 15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется конференция. 16. Я был уверен, что, если мы поспешим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что, если буду свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.
1. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” my friend said to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.” 3. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate. 4. “Take this book and read it,” said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, “Don’t go for a walk today.” 6. “Don’t eat too much ice cream,” Nick’s mother said to him. 7. “Go home,” the teacher said to us. 8. “Buy some meat in the shop,” my mother said to me. 9. “Sit down at the table and do your homework,” my mother said to me. 10. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said granny to Helen. 11. “Don ’t sit up late ,” said the doctor to Mary .
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
The teacher said to me, “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 2 . Oleg said to his sister, “Put the letter in an envelope and give it to Kate.” 3 . “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert . 4. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 5 . “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 6 . “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 7 . “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us, “Come here tomorrow.” 9 . I said to Mike, “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 10. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.” 11 . Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 12. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 13 . He said to me, “Ring me up tomorrow.” 14 . “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 15 . “Don’t be late for dinner,” mother said to us. 16 . Jane said to us, “Please tell me all you know about it.” 17. She said to Nick, “Please don’t say anything about it to your sister.
1.Oleg said, “My room is on the second floor.” 2. He said, “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St Petersburg.” 3. Misha said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.” 4. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 6. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry.” 7. He said, “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 8. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 9. Mike said, “I spoke to Mr Brown this morning.” 10. He said to her, “I shall do it today if I have time.” 11. I said to them, “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here.” 2. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.” 3. She said to me, “Now I can read your translation.” 4. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 5. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” my classmate said to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.” 7. Our teacher said, “Thackeray’s novels are very interesting.” 8. She said, “You will read this book in the 9th form.”9. Nellie said, “I read ‘Jane Eyre’ last year.” 10. “My friend lives in Moscow,” said Alec. 11. “You have not done your work well,” the teacher said to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, “My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.” 13. The rich man said to the judge, “This man’s horse has killed my horse.”
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
Masha said, “I usually spend my holidays in іthe south.”2. She said, “I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year.” 3. Boris said, “I go to the south every year.”4. Не said, “I am going to a ski resort tomorrow.” 5. Ann said to us, “They haven’t come yet.” 6. She said to us, “They arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 7. I said, “I have been in London for a fortnight’s holiday. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them.” 8. Nick said, “I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year.” 9. He said, “I shall not stay with my friends too long.” 10. He said to me, “They are staying at the Grand Hotel Europe.” 11. He said, “They are leaving next Monday.” 12. The clerk said to them, “You can leave the key with the maid upstairs.”
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
The mother said, “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 2. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 3. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.” 7. He said to me, “I want to see you today.” 8. She said, “I am free tonight”. 9. Mother said to me, “I feel bad today.”10. The pupil said to the teacher, “I can do my homework after dinner.” 11. The teacher said to Jack, “You work hard, I know. You are a good boy.” 12. The old man said to the girl, “You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer.” 13. My sister said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness.” 14. “You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty,” my guest said to met 15. The student said, “I can’t answer this question. I don’t understand it.”
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое существительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего главного предложения.
I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I’ll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here early today. 10. It’s a pity you didn’t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at our school tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I’ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today’s newspaper. 16. It’s not funny if there is no money, sonny.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
“When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you,” I said to my grandmother. 2. “If you are in a hurry, we shall only do the first experiment,” the laboratory assistant said to me. 3. “I shan’t start anything new until I have finished this novel,” said the writer to the correspondent. 4. “When I get a job, I’ll buy you a warm coat,” said the boy’s father. 5. “If you spill the milk, there won’t be any for the cat,” my mother said to me. 6. “When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress,” she said to me. 7. “If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening,” said Jane to Henry. 8. “Don’t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball,” said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. “As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary,” said Mary to her mother.
Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch a cold. 6. She told me she had caught a cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day.10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a seaside resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
I said to Nick, “Where are you going?” 2. I said to him, “How long are you going to stay there?” 3. I said to him, “How long will it take you to get there?” 4. He said to her, “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 5. Ann said to Mike, “When did you leave London?” 6. She said to Boris, “When will you be back home?” 7. Boris said to them, “How can I get to the railway station?” 8. Mary asked Tom, “What time will you come here tomorrow?” 9. She asked me, “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 10. She asked me, “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 11. Pete said to his friends, “When are you leaving St Petersburg?” 12. He said to them, “Who will you see before you leave the city?” 13. They said to him, “What time does the train leave?” 14. I asked Mike, “What will you do after dinner?” 15. I asked my uncle, “How long did you stay in the Crimea?” 16. Mother said to me, “Who has brought this parcel?” 17. Ada said to me, “Where did you see such trees?” 18. I said to Becky , “What kind of book has your friend brought you ?”
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody…) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…) 3. Where is he? (Did you know…) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…) 5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them…) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot…) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me…) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered…)
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in London?” 2. They said to the mam, “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. He said to his friend, “Will you stay at the Hilton?” 4. He said to me, “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me, “Will you see your friends before you leave St Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane, “Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me, “Have you sent them an e-mail?” 8. She said to me, “Did you send them an e-mail yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike, “Have you packed your suitcase?” 10. I said to Kate, “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her, “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom, “Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister, “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 14. I said to my mother, “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister, “Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man, “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter, “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me, “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us, “Did you go to the museum this morning?”
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
Have they sold the picture? (I did not know…) 2. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered…) 3. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me…) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure…) 5. Have you found the book? (She asked me…) 6. Are there any more books here? (The man asked…) 7. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know…) 8. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her…) 9. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted…) 10. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked…)
Передайте следующие вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи.
Kate said, “Mike, do you like my dress?” 2. Grandfather said to Mary, “What mark did you get at school?” 3. My sister said to me, “Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?” 4. Mother asked me, “Did you play with your friends yesterday?” 5. “Why don’t you play with your friends, Kate?” said her mother. 6. “Do you like chocolates?” my little sister said to me. 7. “Did you see your granny yesterday, Lena?” asked Mr Brown. 8. The doctor asked Nick, “Do you wash your face and hands every morning?” 9. The teacher said to Mike, “Does your father work at a factory?” 10. Mother said to us, “What are you doing here?” 11. Father said to Nick, “Have you done your homework?” 12. Tom said , “Ann , where are your friends ?”
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a headache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St Petersburg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a ski resort in Colorado. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
“Do you like my pies, Ann?” asked her grandmother. 2. “Stop shouting and do your homework,” Tom’s mother said to him. 3. “What did you do at school yesterday, John?” said his father. 4. “Will you play the piano today, Helen?” asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, “We shall visit you next week.” 6. “Don’t cross the street when the lights are red,” said the man to Nick. 7. “I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday,” said Mike to his father. 8. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane,” said Lena. 9. “Where are your books, Betsy?” said her mother.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
“Lock the door when you leave the house,” my elder sister said to me. 2. “Have you received a telegram from your wife?” she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, “Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight.” 4. “Please don’t smoke in the room,” said the old woman to her nephew. 5. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.6.“I want to sit in the armchair,” said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, “The delegation arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 8. “Open the window, please,” she said to me. 9. He said, “I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast.” 10. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell,” said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, “How long are you going to stay here?” 12. Mary asked me, “Will you spend your holidays in Moscow?”
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
Father said to Jane, “Show me your exercise book.” 2. “What game are you playing here, boys?” said Kate’s aunt. 3. “Don’t make noise,” Tom’s mother said to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, “Did you play chess with your father yesterday?” 5. Kate said to her grandmother, “Help me (to) cook the soup, please.” 6. Mike said to the teacher, “My sister knows two foreign languages.” 7. Tom said to his sister, “I saw your friend at the library yesterday.” 8.“What have you prepared for today, children?” said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils, “Don’t open your books.” 10. Mother said to me, “You will go to the cinema tomorrow.”
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
“Tom, go to bed,” said his mother. 2. “I have never seen your toys,” said Nellie to Pete. 3. “Give me your French book, Nick,” said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, “Look at my nice kitten.” 5. “We shall go to the zoo tomorrow,” said our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, “Don’t forget to wash your hands.” 7. Nick said to his mother, “I am doing my homework.” 8. “I have learnt a long poem,” said Mike to the teacher. 9. “Don’t play in the street,” said the man to the boys. 10. “Why don’t you drink your tea?” my mother said to me. 11. “I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday,” said Johnny to his mother. 12. “When did you receive this letter?” my friend said to me. 13. “Will you play football with us?” said the boys to
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. “Why are you shouting, man?” said Prince John to Locksley. “What is your name?” 2. “Who has read ‘Ivanhoe’?” asked the teacher. “Whom was it written by?” 3. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature, “What novels shall we read next year?” 4. “Is the river Volga in Russia?” asked the Frenchman. 5. “Are you playing volleyball, girls?” said Ann. “I did not know that you liked it.” 6. “Don’t touch these photographs,” said Peter to us. “They are still wet, and you may spoil them.” 7. “Does your friend often come here, boys?” said Fred. “I want to speak to him.” 8. “How did you manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?” my friend said to me. 9. The teacher said to us, “You will write a paper tomorrow.” 10. “I saw a new film yesterday,” said Kate to Nick. “Did you like it?” - asked Nick.
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Упражнение 1.
1. “Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?” he asked me. “Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some very difficult translation.” “All right,” I said. “I won’t need it tonight.”
2. “I thought about you last night, Lydia,” said Nellie. “Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish school?”
3. “Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob?” asked Mike. “ I thought of inviting you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you nearly always do your homework in the evening.”
4. “I am fond of Dickens,” said Jack. “ I have been reading ‘The Old Curiosity Shop’ the whole week. I like the novel very much. I am reading it for the second time.”
5. “I think my friend has finished reading ‘Jane Eyre’ ,” said Tanya. “I hope she will give it to me soon: I am eager to read it.”
1. He asked me if I had a Russian-English dictionary. He wondered if I could let him have it for that evening. He added that he must (had to) do some very difficult translation. I agreed and added that I should not need the dictionary that night.
2. Nellie told Lydia that she had thought about her the night before. She wanted to know if Lydia had decided to go to Omsk with her parents or whether she would remain there with her aunt until she finished school.
3. Mike asked Bob if he had done his homework or left it till the evening. He added that he had thought of inviting Bob to go to the theatre with him but had remembered that he nearly always did his homework in the evening.
4. Jack said that he was fond of Dickens. He said that he had been reading “The Old Curiosity Shop” the whole week. He added that he liked the novel very much and that he was reading it for the second time.
5. Tanya said that she thought her friend had finished reading “Jane Eyre” . She added that she hoped her friend would give it to her soon and explained that she was eager to read it.
Упражнение 2.
Восстановите прямую речь в предложениях.
1. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. - Will you be busy tomorrow?
2. John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunderstorm.
3. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather.
5. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry.
6. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day.
7. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her days off.
8. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress.
9. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book.
10. Tom asked if Jane would come to the Philharmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get there. Jane asked where they would meet.
2. Are you afraid of thunderstorm?
3. Have you ever walked in rainy weather?
4. I prefer sunny days.
5. Are you in a hurry?
6. Will you go to the country tomorrow?
7. What do you like to do on your days off?
9. Will you give me your book?
10. Will you come to the Philharmonic with me? - At what time are you planning to go? - It will take us long to get there. - Where shall we meet?
Упражнение 3.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. «Do you know where the Browns live?» we asked a passerby.
2. «There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday,» said Andrew to us. «You will have no problems getting to my country place.»
3. «Do you often meet my sister at the library?» he asked me.
4. «Will the teacher return our exercise books today?» asked Nick.
5. «My nephew is a very capable young man,» said the woman. «He has just graduated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist.»
6. «Sit still and don’t move your head,» said the doctor to me.
7. «I want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital,» said Vera to Helen.
8. «Don’t forget to bring your exercise books tomorrow,» said the teacher to us. «You are going to write a very important paper.»
9. «How can I get to the circus?» asked the girl. «Take tram number five,» said the man.
10. «I am very sorry, Kate,» said Mike, «I have forgotten to bring your dictionary.»
11. «When does your mother go shopping?» asked the neighbour.
1. We asked a passerby whether he knew where the Browns lived.
2. Andrew told us that there were a lot of trains to his station on Sunday and added that we should have no problems getting to his country place.
3. He asked me if I often met his sister at the library.
4. Nick wanted to know if the teacher would return their exercise books that day.
5. The woman said that her nephew was a very capable young man. She added that he had just graduated from college, but he was already a very skilful specialist.
6. The doctor told me to sit still and not to move my head.
7. Vera told Helen that she wanted to know how her cousin liked working at that hospital.
8. The teacher told us not to forget to bring our exercise books the next day and explained that we were going to write a very important paper.
9. The girl wanted to know how she could get to the curcus. The man told her to take tram number five.
10. Mike told Kate that he was very sorry and added that he had forgotten to bring her dictionary.
11. The neighbour wondered when my mother went shopping.
Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Не said to me: «Come at nine o’clock, I shall be free at that time and we shall have a nice cup of coffee.»
2. Nina asked her friend: «What did the professor speak about in his lecture?»
3. Ann said: «He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard.»
4. He said: «I haven’t yet seen the film you are talking about.»
5. He said: «I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was very busy.»
6. She asked her brother: «Will you manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?»
7. My friend said: «We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day we went to have a look around the city.»
8. She said to me: «Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?»
9. She said to me: «Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer?»
10. My friend said to me: «The discussion will still be going on when you return.»
11. He said: «I am proud of my brother who took the first prize at the competition.»
12. She asked me: «How long have you been living in St. Petersburg?»
13. She said: «He has just left.»
14. He asked me: «When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?»
15. She said to me: «Were you present at the meeting yesterday?»
Ответы:
1. He told me to come at nine o’clock and added that he would be free at that time and we should have a nice cup of coffee.
2. Nina asked her friend what the professor had spoken about in his lecture.
3. He said that the man was one of the best speakers he had ever heard.
4. He said that he had not yet seen the film I was talking about.
5. He said that he had seldom gone to see his friend in May as he had been very busy.
6. She asked her brother whether he would manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday.
7. My friend said that they had arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day they had gone to have a look around the city.
8. She asked if I had lived in St. Petersburg ten years before.
9. She asked me if I was going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer.
10. My friend told me that the discussion would still be going on when I returned.
11. He said that he was proud of his brother who had taken the first prize at the competition.
12. She wanted to know how long I had been living in St. Petersburg.
13. She said that he had just left.
14. He was interested to know when my parents would arrive in St. Petersburg.
15. She wanted to know if I had been present at the meeting the day before.
Упражнение 5.
Переделайте предложения из прямой в косвенную речь.
1.
Tom. What would you do if you were in my shoes?
Tim. I would polish them.
2.
Teacher. What’s wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go to the library yesterday as she had had a birthday”?
Student. If the sentence which had “had had”
3.
A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly. “What would happen,” she asked, “if we struck a large iceberg?” “The iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened,” replied the captain. The old lady was very much relieved.
4.
Wife. Darling, where would you go for a holiday if you could afford it?
Husband. I would go somewhere I’ve never been to.
Wife. Well, how about the kitchen?
5.
Roger. Why do you think your marriage has lasted so well?
Jeff. My wife and I always have dinner out on Saturdays.
Roger. How very romantic! I wish Laura and I had done so too, maybe we wouldn’t have parted. Where do you go?
Jeff. Well, I go for a Chinese. I haven’t the foggiest idea where she goes.
Roger. Well, well, sometimes two is a crowd, too.
Ответы:
had had “had”, it would have been correct.
1. Tom asked Tim what he would do if he were in his shoes. Tim answered that he would polish them.
2. The teacher asked the student what was wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go…”. The student explained that if the sentence which had “had had” had had “had”, it would have been correct.
3. A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly and asked him what would happen if they struck a large iceberg. The captain replied that the iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened. The old lady was very much relieved.
4. A wife asked her husband where he would go for a holiday if he could afford it. The husband answered that he would go somewhere he had never been to. The wife offered him to go to the kitchen.
5. Roger asked Jeff why he thought his marriage had lasted so well. Jeff explained that he and his wife always had dinner out on Saturdays. Roger considered it to be very romantic. He said he wished Laura and he had done so too, then they wouldn’t have parted. And he wondered where they usually went. Jeff replied that he personally went for a Chinese. And he added that he had no idea (didn’t have the foggiest idea) where she went. To this Roger remarked that sometimes two is a crowd, too.
Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повествовательные
предложения в косвенной речи.
1.
Не said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 2.
"I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 3. Mike said:
"I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning."
4. He said to her: "I shall
do it today if I have time." 5. I said to them: "I can give you my
uncle"s address." 6. Oleg said: "My room is on the second
floor." 7. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back
in St. Petersburg." 8. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents" house
last year." 9. He said: "I haven"t seen my cousin today." 10.
"I don"t go to this shop very often," she said. 11. Tom said: "I
have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry."
Упражнение 2.
1. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 2. "I can"t explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 3. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 4. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here." 5. Mike said: "We have bought these books today." 6. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation." 7. Our teacher said: "Thackeray"s novels are very interesting." 8. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said: "I read "Jane Eyre" last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 13. The rich man said to the judge: "This man"s horse has killed my horse."
Упражнение 3 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me: "I want to see you today." 8. She said: "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 10. The pupil said to the teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said: "I can"t answer this question. I don"t understand it."
Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Не said to me: "They are staying at the Grand Europe Hotel." 2. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 3. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs." 4. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 5. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 6. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 7. He said: "I am going to a health resort tomorrow." 8. Ann said to us: "They haven"t yet come." 9. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 10. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 11. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 12. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long."
Упражнение 5 . Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I shall come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10. It"s a pity you didn"t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I"ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today"s newspaper.
Упражнение6. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you," I said to my grandmother. 2. "If you are in a hurry, we shall make only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan"t start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 4. "When I get a job, I"ll buy you a warm coat," said the boy"s father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won"t be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7. "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don"t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball," said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.
Упражнение 7. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.
Упражнение 8. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
1. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 2. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 3. Ann said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 4. She said to Boris: "When will you be back home?" 5. Boris said to them: "How can I get to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me: "Why didn"t you come here yesterday?" 8. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 9. I said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 10. I said to him: "How long are you going to stay there?" 11. I said to him: "How long will it take you to get there?" 12. Pete said to his friends: "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 13. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 14. They said to him: "What time does the train start?" 15. I asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 16. I asked my uncle: "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 17. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky: "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"
Упражнение 9. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 2. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 3. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 4. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...) 5. Where is he going? (He didn"t tell anybody...) 6. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 7. Where is he? (Did you know...) 8. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 9. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 10. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 11. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 12. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...)
Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
1. I said to Mike: "Have you packed your suitcase?" 2. I said to Kate: "Did anybody meet you at the station?" 3. I said to her: "Can you give me their address?" 4. I asked Tom: "Have you had breakfast?" 5. I asked my sister: "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 6. I said to my mother: "Did anybody come to see me?" 7. I asked my sister: "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 8. She said to the young man: "Can you call a taxi for me?" 9. Mary said to Peter: "Have you shown your photo to Dick?" 10. Oleg said to me: "Will you come here tomorrow?" 11. He said to us: "Did you go to the museum this morning?" 12. I said to Boris: "Does your friend live in London?" 13. I said to the man: "Are you living in a hotel?" 14. Nick said to his friend: "Will you stay at the "Hilton"?" 15. He said to me: "Do you often go to see your friends?" 16. He said to me "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 17. Mike said to Jane: "Will you come to the railway station to see me off?" 18. She said to me: "Have you sent them a telegram?" 19. She said to me: "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?"
Ключи к упражнениям
1. Упражнение 1.
1. 1.He said that he had just received a letter from his uncle. 2. He told me that he was going to the theatre that night. 3. Mike said that he had spoken to Mr. Brown that morning. 4. He told her that he would do it that day if he had time. 5. I told them that I could give them my uncle"s address. 6. Oleg said that his room was on the second floor. 7. He said that he was sure she would ring him up when she was back in St. Petersburg. 8. Misha said that he had seen them at his parents" house the year before. 9. He said that he had not seen his cousin that day. 10. She said that she did not go to that shop very often. 11. Tom said that he had already had breakfast and so he was not hungry.
Упражнение 2
1. 1. The woman said that that man had spoken to her on the road. 2. My classmate told me that he could not explain that rule to me. 3. The teacher told the class that they would discuss that subject the next day. 4. The woman told her son that she was glad she was there. 5. Mike said that they had bought those books that day. 6. She told me that now she could read my translation. 7. Our teacher said that Thackeray"s novels were very interesting. 8. She said that we should read that book in the 9th form. 9. Nellie said that she had read "Jane Eyre" the year before. 10. Alec said that his friend lived in Moscow. 11. The teacher told me that I had not done my work well. 12. The poor man told the rich man that his horse was wild and that it could kill the rich man"s horse. 13. The rich man told the judge that the poor man"s horse had killed his horse.
Упражнение3
1. 1. The mother told the doctor that the children were in the nursery. 2. The boy told his mother that he had no time for lunch that day. 3. The woman told me that I spoke English very well. 4. My brother told me that he was going to become a doctor. 5. My uncle told us that he bought several newspapers every day. 6. The teacher told the pupils that the following year they would have six hours of English a week. 7. He told me that he wanted to see me that day. 8. She said that she was free that night. 9. Mother told me that she felt bad that day. 10. The pupil told the teacher that he could do his homework after dinner. 11. The teacher told Jack that she knew that he worked hard and added that he was a good boy. 12. The old man told the girl that she could sing perfectly and added that he thought that she would be a famous singer. 13. My sister told me that I looked very well, much better than I had looked the day before. She added that she thought I had recovered after my illness. 14. My guest told me that I was an excellent cook and added that everything was very tasty. 15. The student said that he could not answer that question because he did not understand it.
Упражнение 4
1. 1. Masha said that she usually spent her holidays in the south. 2. She said that she had spent her holidays in the Crimea the year before. 3. Boris said that he went to the south every year. 4. He said that he was going to a health resort the next day. 5. Ann told us that they hadn"t yet come. 6. She told us that they had arrived in St. Petersburg the day before. 7. I said that I had been in London the year before and added that my friends in London sometimes invited me to spend my holidays with them. 8. Nick said that he had never been to London and added that he thought he would go there the following year. 9. He said that he would not stay with his friends too long.
Упражнение 5
1. 1. My friend told me that he would come as soon as he was ready. 2. My sister said that we should know-that she had gone to the concert if she was not at home by eight. 3. My girlfriend said that she would come to the Philharmonic with me if I got tickets. 4. She told us that five years before there had been no people living there at all. 5. Fred said that he would go skiing on Sunday if he had time. 6. He said that they had finished building that house only the week before. 7. Mary said that it would be very pleasant when Tom came home. 8. My friend said that he would do it at once if I liked. 9. She said that her brother had been there that day. 10. He said that it was a pity I hadn"t come earlier. 11. The teacher told the pupils that there would be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall the next day. She added that one of their teachers would speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Helen said that the year before she had spent her summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. The man said that he had come to live in that town several years before. 14. Grandmother told us that she would be reading us a story until it was time to go to bed. 15. My brother said that he had read all about it in that day"s newspaper.
Упражнение 6
1. 1. I told my grandmother to listen very carefully, when her turn came, to what the doctor told her. 2. The laboratory assistant told me that if I was in a hurry, we should only do the first experiment. 3. The writer told the correspondent that he would not start anything new until he had finished that novel. 4. The boy"s father told him that when he got a job, he would buy him a warm coat. 5. My mother told me that if I spilled the milk, there would not be any for the cat. 6. She told me that she would show me her new dress when I came to see her on Sunday. 7. Jane told Henry to bring Mary to their house if she arrived before seven. 8. The PT teacher told the pupils not to wait until he came and to begin playing volleyball as soon as they finished the exercises. 9. Mary told her mother to ask Robert, as soon as he appeared, where he had put the dictionary.
Упражнение7
1. 1. I shall go to see the doctor tomorrow. 2. I am ill. 3. I have fallen ill. 4. Tom did not come to school yesterday. 5. You may catch cold. 6. I have caught cold. 7. While crossing the English Channel we stayed on deck all the time. 8. I felt sick when crossing the Channel. 9. I am feeling bad today. 10. I have pain in my right side. 11. I have just been examined by a good doctor. 12. I shall not come to school until Monday. 13. I spent a month at a health resort. 14. My health has greatly improved since then.
Упражнение 8
1.Mother wanted to know who had brought that parcel. 2. He asked her where she usually spent her summer holidays. 3. Ann wondered when Mike had left London. 4. She asked Boris when he would be back home. 5. Boris asked them how he could get to the railway station. 6. Mary was interested what time Tom would come there the next day. 7. She asked me why I had not come there the day before. 8. She wanted to know what I should do the next day if I was not busy at my office. 9. I asked Nick where he was going. 10. I asked him how long he was going to stay there. 11. I wanted to know how long it would take him to get there. 12. Pete asked his friends when they were leaving St. Petersburg. 13. He asked them who they would see before they left there. 14. They asked him what time the train started. 15. I asked Mike what he would do after dinner. 16. I asked my uncle how long he had stayed in the Crimea. 17. Ada asked me where I had seen such trees. 18. I asked Becky what kind of book her friend had brought her.
Упражнение9
I forgot where I had put the book. 2. She wanted to know who had given me that nice kitten. 3. He asked me where he could buy an English-Russian dictionary. 4. He wondered how long it would take my brother to get to Madrid. 5. He didn"t tell anybody where he was going. 6. Did you know where he had gone? 7. Did you know where he was? 8. I wanted to know when he was leaving school. 9. Nobody knew where he lived. 10. She asked them when he would come back. 11. He wanted to know where she had bought that hat. 12. I had no idea how much she had paid for it.
Упражнение 10
1. I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase. 2. I asked Kate if somebody had met her at the station. 3. I asked her if she could give me their address. 4. I wanted to know if Tom had had breakfast. 5. I wondered if my sister would stay at home or go for a walk after dinner. 6. I asked my mother whether somebody had come to see me. 7. I asked my sister whether Nick would call for her on the way to school. 8. She asked the young man if he could call a taxi for her. 9. Mary asked Peter if he had shown his photo to Dick. 10. Oleg asked me if I should come there the next day. 11. He asked us if we had gone to the museum that morning. 12. I asked Boris if his friend lived in London. 13. I asked the man whether he was living in a hotel. 14. Nick asked his friend if he would stay at the Hilton. 15. He asked me whether I often went to see my friends. 16. He asked me if I should see my friends before I left St. Petersburg. 17. Mike wondered if Jane would come to the railway station to see him off. 18. She wanted to know whether I had sent them a telegram. 19. She asked me if I had sent them a telegram the day before.
